脾动静脉同时结扎治疗重度外伤性脾破裂动物实验及临床应用

为尽量多地原位保留正常脾组织，采用脾动静脉同时结扎的方法，在动物实验成功的基础上并应用于临床治疗重度外伤性脾破裂。结果：保存下来的脾组织成活，且具有正常功能。本研究结果提示：对于４～５级脾损伤患者采用脾动静脉同时结扎的方法均可获得治愈，保存下来的脾组织均可成活，功能完好。     

动脉粥样硬化性腹主动脉瘤的诊断及外科治疗(附3例报告)

本文报告外科治疗动脉粥样硬化性腹主动脉瘤3例,其中1例动脉瘤破裂,1例巨大腹主动脉瘤致腰椎破坏,均手术治疗成功,对其诊断及外科治疗有关问题进行讨论。提出腹主动脉瘤如出现剧烈腹痛、背痛常提示瘤体迅速增大或破裂可能,应立即手术;同时提出在老年急腹症及腰背部疼痛中应注意与腹主动脉瘤鉴别。围术期强调胃肠功能紊乱、脊髓功能受损和急性心肌梗塞并发症的防治。     

孕妇血清、羊水可溶性人白细胞抗原-G与胎膜早破的相关性

目的 探讨sHLA-G在胎膜早破发生、发展过程中的作用以及相关性,并探讨其与组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎（histological chorioamnionitis,HCA）的相关性.方法 通过检测胎膜早破（promature rupture of memberes,PROM）及正常妊娠的孕妇血清及羊水中可溶性人白细胞抗原-G （soluble human leukocyte antigen-G,sHLA-G）的水平变化,采用酶联免疫吸附实验测定正常分娩的足月胎膜早破孕妇（term premature rupture of membrances,TPROM）、未足月胎膜早破孕妇（preterm pr-emature rupture of membranes,PPROM）各30例与正常妊娠对照组24例血清及羊水中sHLA-G的表达水平变化,以及观察其在HCA与非HCA组中两因子的水平变化.结果 （1）胎膜早破孕妇血清及羊水中sHLA-G水平与正常对照组相比均升高,并于产后胎膜组织病理检测出HCA组血清及羊水中sHLA-G的水平均高于非HCA组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）从破膜时间与胎膜HCA发生率的关系可知：＜8 h发生率为7.14％,8～12 h发生率为33.3％,＞12 h发生率为64.2％,3组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,可认为破膜时间越长感染发生率越高.结论 孕妇血清及羊水中sHLA-G水平升高可能参与了胎膜早破或合并有绒毛膜羊膜炎的发生,进而推测其可能作为胎膜早破或绒毛膜羊膜炎的临床诊断指标之一.     

Unusual case of closed rupture of both extensor tendons of the index finger

Extensor tendon rupture is a common condition following penetrating injuries, whereas closed rupture is rare unless in a mallet finger. We describe an unusual case of closed rupture of both extensor tendons to the index finger. The extensor indicis proprius and extensor digitorum longus were avulsed proximal to the extensor retinaculum in a 23-year-old male patient due to forced hyperflexion of his index finger. Investigation was done in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Notre Dame Des Secours University Hospital, Byblos Lebanon.     

Isolated Duodenal Rupture due to Go-Karting Accidents – Braking News

INTRODUCTION

Isolated duodenal injury due to blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare. We present a series of three such injuries due to go-karting accidents, which presented to our hospital over 5 months.

CASE REPORTS

Between October 2007 and February 2008, three cases of D3/D4 duodenal rupture presented to our hospital after go-karting accidents. Trauma occurred as a result of the steering wheel impacting on the abdomen. All patients presented similarly with symptoms of epigastric and right upper quadrant pain. In all cases, computed tomography scanning was highly suggestive of duodenal injury and, in particular, demonstrated presence of retroperitoneal air centred around the duodenum. Treatment required laparotomy and operative repair in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Duodenal injury presents insidiously due to its retroperitoneal position. A low threshold for investigating patients presenting with epigastric and right upper quadrant pain should be adopted along with active clinical vigilance to exclude serious and life-threatening trauma after go-karting accidents.     

腔内修复术治疗破裂性主动脉瘤

目的探讨腔内修复术（EVR）治疗破裂性主动脉瘤（RAA）的安全性、可行性、有效性和存在的问题。方法术前应用CT、磁共振成像对14例RAA患者进行诊断,评估病变近、远端血管锚定区条件。对存在休克的患者进行积极的抗休克治疗。支架型人工血管在X线透视下经股动脉被释放在RAA的预定位置。结果瘤体破裂距实施EVR时间50min～21d;3例存在大量左侧胸腔积血,2例患者在出血性休克的状态下进行手术。5例应用分叉形支架型人工血管,9例应用直筒形支架型人工血管。随访1～38个月,1例破裂性胸主动脉瘤术后第4个小时死亡,1例创伤后腹主动脉假性动脉瘤术后9个月因左侧脓胸死亡,其余患者均生存,无并发症。结论EVR治疗RAA是安全、可行和有效的,可能成为治疗RAA的有效方法。但对近、远端锚定区条件差的病变和不能熟练完成常规主动脉瘤EVR的单位应慎重进行RAA的腔内治疗。     

Cardiac tamponade due to intrapericardial rupture of an amebic liver abscess

Pericardial abscess is rare in healthy individuals, especially the amebic type. We report a case of pericardial abscess and cardiac tamponade due to intrapericardial rupture of an amebic liver abscess. A 31-year old Japanese male complained of fever to a local hospital. A liver mass was discovered in his left hepatic lobe by an abdominal echogram. He was referred to the internal department of our hospital and was treated with quinolone antibiotics. Two weeks after medication, he suddenly complained of epigastralgia and severe orthopnea and was admitted. Abdominal computed tomographic scan showed an enlarged liver mass, and massive pericardial effusion suggested cardiac tamponade. He underwent an emergency subxiphoid partial pericardiectomy under local anesthesia. 1,000 ml of light brownish fluid was removed and his condition improved. Although no ameba was cultivated from the pus, the amebic serological test was positive. Metronidazole was administered and the patients was discharged 31 days after surgery.     

Spontaneous rupture of a hepatic cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma: report of two cases

Hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare tumors. Differentiating between these tumors and benign hepatic cysts may be difficult. Because of their rarity, diagnosis is often delayed and may result in inaccurate treatment, resulting in unnecessary morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this report is to draw attention to these entities and their complications. We report on two cases with spontaneous rupture of hepatobiliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma cysts, initially treated as simple hepatic cysts by aspiration, or by aspiration combined with sclerotherapy. The spontaneous rupture of the cysts appeared years after the initial treatment of the cysts, leading in one case to a prolonged stay in an intensive care unit. In both cases, a formal liver resection was carried out and microscopic investigations revealed a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and cystadenoma. In conclusion, although hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare findings, they should not be forgotten in the diagnostic workshop when examining patients with hepatic cysts. If hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas cannot be excluded following radiological imaging, surgery is recommended.     

25例外伤性延迟性脾破裂诊治

目的探讨外伤性延迟性脾破裂的诊断延迟原因和治疗方式。方法回顾分析我院1990年10月至2008年10月收治的25例外伤性延迟性脾破裂的临床资料。结果25例术前诊断明确。21例行全脾切除术,其中5例同时行自体脾组织网膜内移植术;2例行部分脾切除术;2例保守治疗,25例全部治愈,无死亡病例。结论外伤性延迟性脾破裂早期诊断,避免误诊,治疗以脾切除术为主。     

小切口微创治疗新鲜跟腱断裂

[目的]探讨通过小切口应用跟腱缝合引导器微创治疗新鲜跟腱断裂的临床效果.[方法]2006年3月-2008年3月,通过小切口应用跟腱缝合引导器微创治疗连续的26例新鲜跟腱断裂病人,术后早期功能锻练.男24例,女2例.年龄22～58岁,平均37.6岁.24例获得12～36个月(平均21个月)的随访.采用美国足与踝关节协会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分标准进行评分,测量双侧小腿最大周径及跟腱断裂平面的周径,询问恢复工作及伤前体育活动的时间.[结果]无跟腱再断裂、切口表浅或深部感染、皮缘坏死等并发症.腓肠神经支配区皮肤感觉正常.AOFAS 平均得分为97分(86～100分).23例恢复伤前工作与学习,恢复工作时间平均为10周(4～20周).24例均恢复伤前体育活动,恢复伤前体育活动时间平均为20周(18～24周).小腿最大周径伤侧较对侧平均减少0.4 cm(0.2～0.8 cm),跟腱断裂平面周径伤侧较对侧平均增粗0.5 cm(0.3～0.7 cm).[结论]应用跟腱缝合引导器微创修复新鲜跟腱断裂结合早期功能锻练可得到满意的临床效果,可较早恢复伤前状态,有较少的并发症.