三维斑点追踪技术评价类风湿关节炎患者左心室收缩功能

目的 应用三维斑点追踪技术（3D-STI）评价类风湿关节炎（RA）患者左心室收缩功能。方法 对40例RA患者（RA组）、40名健康体检者（对照组）行常规超声心动图检查,测量参数左心室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、左心室收缩末期内径 （LVDs）、室间隔舒张末期厚度（IVSd）、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度（LVPWd）、二尖瓣口舒张期E峰、A峰、E/A值、左心室舒张末期容积（EDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（ESV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）;同时采集3D-STI图像,并应用4D Auto LVQ软件分析计算出左心室收缩期整体纵向应变（LVGLS）、左心室收缩期整体径向应变（LVGRS）、左心室收缩期整体圆周应变（LVGCS）、左心室收缩期整体面积应变（LVGAS）,比较RA组与对照组常规超声心动图及3D-STI参数的差异。结果 RA组与对照组LVDd、LVDs、 IVSd、LVPWd、E峰、A峰、E/A值、EDV、ESV、LVEF的差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。两组间LVGLS、LVGRS、LVGCS、LVGAS差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 3D-STI技术可较常规超声心动图更早地检测出RA患者左心室收缩功能的改变。     

Differences in Left Ventricular Twist Related to Age: Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Data for Healthy Volunteers from Neonate to Age 70 Years

Objective: To determine normal left ventricular (LV) twist characteristics in different age groups and assess changes between neonates and the elderly. Methods: Short‐axis left ventricle images at basal and apical levels were acquired in 274 healthy volunteers (aged 15 days to 72 years) by two‐dimensional echocardiography, and were analyzed off‐line using Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) software to obtain LV twist measurements. The peak apical rotation (PAr), peak basal rotation (PBr), peak LV twist (Ptw), peak LV twist normalized by LV length (Ptw N ), peak untwisting velocity (PutwV), and isovolumic untwisting% (Iutw%) were measured. Results: LV twist values vary with age. Ptw was higher in older volunteers. PtwN varied inconsistently with age. PutwV and Iutw% were lower in the young and old with a peak in mid–age ranges. Conclusions: STE is an effective noninvasive method to assess LV twist. Age‐related differences in LV twist may reflect maturation and adaptive modulation of LV torsional biomechanics from neonate to the elderly. (Echocardiography 2010;27:1205‐1210)     

超声实时三维斑点追踪技术在冠心病诊断中的应用价值

目的 应用超声实时三维斑点追踪技术(3DST)评估冠心病患者早期缺血心肌功能,评价其在冠心病诊断中的应用价值.方法 拟行冠状动脉造影(CAG)且常规超声心动图检查未见室壁运动异常的疑似冠心病患者50例.按CAG结果分为正常对照组20例(CAG未见明显冠脉狭窄),冠心病组30例[冠脉左前降支(LAD)、右冠状动脉(RCA)、左旋支(LCX)中至少有一支主干狭窄≥50％].评估3DST与心肌灌注显像(MPI)诊断冠心病的灵敏度及特异度.结果 冠心病组3DST分析左室整体纵向应变(GLS)和面积应变(AGS)绝对值较对照组明显减低(P＜0.05),差异有统计学意义;以GLS的灵敏度最高;3DST与MPI诊断冠心病的灵敏度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 3DST可以定量评估左室壁整体三维应变,可对冠心病早期心肌缺血所致室壁功能异常进行评估,GLS灵敏度较高.     

二维斑点追踪技术评估超重及肥胖女性妊娠期胎儿心室收缩功能的研究

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术评价超重及肥胖女性妊娠期胎儿心室收缩功能。 方法选取空军军医大学唐都医院2019年6月至2020年3月单胎妊娠的孕妇80例,所有孕妇均于孕24周行常规胎儿超声心动图及二维斑点追踪成像检查。依据孕前体质量指数（BMI）将研究对象分为正常对照组30例、超重组27例和肥胖组23例。采用常规超声心动图及二维斑点追踪技术,对各组胎儿心脏结构、常规心室舒张及收缩功能指标、全心整体球形指数（GSI）以及左、右心室心内膜整体纵向应变（GLS）和右心室游离壁应变（FWSt）进行评价及比较分析。 结果肥胖组、超重组与正常对照组的胎儿左、右房室横径,心脏面积,心胸面积比及四腔心横径、长径,GSI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。各组胎儿二、三尖瓣口血流E/A值及瓣环运动速度e/a值差异均无统计学意义,肥胖组二、三尖瓣瓣环收缩期运动速度s较正常对照组及超重组均降低,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。各组胎儿左心室射血分数,左、右心室面积变化率,二尖瓣环收缩期位移及三尖瓣环收缩期位移比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。左、右心室GLS,及右心室FWSt在正常对照组、超重组、肥胖组均依次逐渐减低,组间差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。 结论超重女性妊娠可能会使胎儿心肌功能发生改变,左、右心室纵向应变各参数指标可以较好地反映超重及肥胖女性妊娠所引起的胎儿心肌收缩功能改变,有利于孕期随访观察及指导孕妇体重管理。     

应用斑点追踪成像技术评价心力衰竭患者左室短轴二维应变

目的:应用斑点追踪成像技术（STI）测量正常人及慢性心力衰竭患者(HF)左室短轴各节段二维应变,探讨STI技术评价HF患者左室功能的临床价值。方法: 采集HF患者及对照组左室短轴(二尖瓣、乳头肌、心尖水平)二维高帧频图像,测量各节段的收缩期径向应变（Rs）、环向应变（Cs）。结果: 对照组Rs在同一水平各节段间差异无统计学意义,乳头肌水平显著高于心尖水平,Cs在同一水平各节段间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。HF组各短轴水平整体Rs、Cs及各节段的Rs、Cs均显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论: HF患者左室各短轴水平及各节段收缩期径向及环向应变均明显低于正常人,提示其左室短轴收缩功能明显受损。     

Left ventricular torsion and strain in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed by speckle tracking imaging

Background: In patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is an important factor associated with poor clinical outcome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the torsion and multidirectional strain of the LV in patients with TOF. Methods: Echocardiographic images were prospectively acquired in 29 patients who underwent TOF repair (age range, 5–25 years) and in 29 normal controls. Torsion and circumferential and longitudinal strain of the LV were assessed using speckle tracking imaging. Results: The torsion in patients was smaller compared to that in the controls due to small apical rotation and/or inverse basal rotation (P < 0.01). Torsion and untwisting rates decreased with increasing age (R = 0.37, P < 0.05). Basal circumferential strain and strain rate (SR) at systole and diastole decreased with age (R = 0.58; R = 0.57; R = 0.57, all P < 0.001) and were smaller in patients compared to those in the controls (all P < 0.01). Septal longitudinal strain and SR at systole and diastole decreased with age (R = 0.52; R = 0.62; R = 0.71, all P < 0.001) and were smaller than those of the controls (P < 0.01), although lateral longitudinal strain and SR were relatively maintained. Conclusion: Abnormal torsion and strain pattern of the LV were observed in patients without symptoms of cardiac failure. Assessment of torsion and strain is a very sensitive tool to detect the early deterioration of LV function in patients with TOF. (Echocardiography 2011;28:720‐729)     

Usefulness of tricuspid annular displacement (TAD) to identify right ventricular dysfunction in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Background

Echocardiographic criteria of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) differ among published studies. Assessment of RV systolic function remains difficult because of the RV's complex shape. We aimed to evaluate RV systolic function with TAD in patients (pts) with acute PE. TAD (QLAB, Philips Medical Imaging) was based on a tissue-tracking algorithm that is ultrasound beam angle independent for automated detection of tricuspid annular displacement.

Design

Prospective and observational study.

Methods

All adults’ pts who were diagnosed with PE from December 2008 to December 2009 at Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco were eligible for this study after exclusion of history of heart failure. We evaluated 36 consecutive pts with PE (18 male, mean age 62.7 years), which underwent echocardiography, plasma BNP titration during the first day after admission, and a second echocardiography obtained within 48 hours before discharge.

Results

TAD value were significantly lower in pts with abnormal RV function by echocardiogram (15.9 ± 0.3 vs. 12.7 ± 0.2 ; P = 0.026). Pts with a normal BNP (< 80 pg/ml) had an elevated TAD (16.4 ± 0.2 vs. 11.2 ± 0.3 mm ; P < 0.0001). At discharge, echocardiographic data were obtained from 33 pts (mean: 8.3 ± 3.5 days). RV end diastolic diameter, RV to LV diameter, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, mean pulmonic valve acceleration time, RV FAC, Sa and TAD were significantly improved. There was no difference between TAD among pts with echocardiographic RVD at baseline vs. pts without RVD (14.9 ± 3.7 vs. 16.1 ± 2.9 mm ; P = 0.3). Four pts who deteriorated during short-term observation had substantially lower TAD values than those with uncomplicated courses (7.7 ± 0.4 mm vs. 14.6 ± 0.2 mm ; P = 0.001). In conclusion, impaired TAD was associated with decreased RV systolic function in pts with acute PE. To identify the clinical meaning of decreased TAD, larger trials with longer follow-up periods are needed.     

Left Ventricular Torsion Parameters are Affected by Acute Changes in Load

Background: Quantification of left ventricular torsion may provide new indices of systolic and diastolic function. We sought to characterize the effect of acute manipulation of load on cardiac torsion, plecotropy in human subjects. Methods: Simultaneous Millar LV pressure, micromanometry, and echocardiograms were performed on 18 patients (10 male, mean age 66 years) with normal systolic function. Loading was altered sequentially by the administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and saline fluid loading. Echocardiographic speckle tracking imaging was used to quantify LV torsion and event timing was recorded relative to mitral valve opening (MVO). Results: GTN administration decreased preload (LV end diastolic pressure: 15.7 vs 8.4 mmHg, P < 0.001), and afterload (wall stress: 140 vs 84 ×10³dyn/cm², P < 0.02). Administration of fluid increased preload (LVEDP 11.3 vs 18.1 mmHg, P < 0.001) and increased wall stress, but to a lesser extent (102 vs 117 ×10³dyn/cm², P < 0.003). GTN administration augmented peak torsion (8.4 vs 11.0 deg, P < 0.05), increased systolic torsion velocity (46.6 vs 65.3deg/sec, P < 0.01) and resulted in earlier onset of untwisting (–105 vs –127ms, P < 0.05). Fluid loading decreased the proportion of untwisting prior to MVO (39.0 vs 31.0%, P < 0.05), untwisting acceleration (–750 vs –592deg/sec/sec, P < 0.05) and delayed the timing of peak untwisting (–37.0 vs 9.1ms, P < 0.01), but did not affect systolic torsion parameters. Conclusions: Left ventricular torsion parameters are sensitive to acute changes in load and therefore need to be interpreted in the context of current loading conditions. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010;27:407‐414)     

二维斑点追踪纵向应变评价不同部位右心室起搏患者心脏收缩同步性

目的利用二维斑点追踪超声纵向应变比较不同部位右心室起搏对左心室收缩不同步性的影响。方法有双腔起搏器植入指征的无器质性心脏病变患者共60例,按1:1随机数表法随机分为两组,根据分组结果分别将右心室电极植入右心室流出道间隔部(right ventricular outflow tract septum,RVOTs)及右心室心尖(right ventricular apex,RVA)。术后起搏器程控并保证心室完全起搏后,进行二维斑点超声成像分析,记录左心室收缩时纵向应变达峰时间的最大差(LS-TD)。结果 RVA组左心室收缩时纵向应变最大差大于RVOT组,差异有统计学意义[(161.6±43.9)ms vs.(74.3±13.7)ms,P<0.001]。结论二维斑点追踪超声纵向应变结果显示RVOT起搏时的左心室收缩同步性优于RVA起搏。