应用二维斑点追踪技术评价左室心肌节段应变的可靠性

目的：探讨与组织多普勒成像（TDI）技术相比,应用二维斑点追踪成像（2D-STI）评价左室心肌纵向节段应变性（STR）的可靠性。方法：选择健康志愿者35例,应用2D-STI和TDI技术分别测量左心室前壁、侧壁、后壁、下壁、室间隔及前间隔的基底段、中段及心尖段共18个节段心肌的纵向STR,观察其规律性。然后从35例志愿者中随机抽取10例,应用上述两种技术由同一观察者分别测量两次、再由两名观察者测量1次左室各壁基底段STR,对其测值进行变异系数、相关系数、平均差值等比较。结果：（1）2D-STI检测显示,STR基底段〈中段〈心尖段;TDI检测显示STR基底段〉中段及心尖段。两种方法测得的部分相同室壁不同节段的STR值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,不同室壁相同节段的STR值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）应用2D—STI测出的左室各壁基底段、中段、心尖段STR的变异系数均较TDI测出值低（分别为-0．25、-0．23、-0．26vs-0．33、-0．35、-0．40）。（3）同一观察者可靠性：两次应用2D。STI法测得各室壁基底段的STR值差异无统计学意义（P=0．86）,两次STR值的相关系数为0．73（P〈0．001）,两次STR值的平均差值为（-0．00±3．19）％。两次应用TDI法测得各室壁基底段的STR值差异有统计学意义（P=0．002）,两次STR值的相关系数为-0．10（P〉0．05）,两次STR值的平均差值为（3．98±9．36）％。两种方法测得的STR平均差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。（4）观察者之间可靠性：应用2D-STI法两者测得各室壁基底段的STR值差异无统计学意义（P=0．98）,两者STR值的相关系数为0．60（P〈0．001）,两者STR值的平均差值为（-0．02±3．87）％。应用TDI法两者STR测值差异有统计学意义（P=0．00）,两者STR值的相关系数为-0．11（P〉0．05）,两者STR值的平均差值为（4．86±10．26）％。两种方法测得STR的平均差值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论：应用2D-STI法定量评价左室局部心肌长轴的收缩功能更可靠。     

三维斑点追踪成像对高血压患者左心室心肌应变能力的评价

目的：探讨三维斑点追踪成像技术（3D-STI）对静息状态下高血压患者心肌收缩功能异常的评判价值.方法：选取高血压患者38例,正常健康对照组33例,采集实时左心室全容积图像,应用3D-STI软件进行分析,得出左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室纵向收缩期峰值应变值、左心室面积收缩期峰值应变值;比较两组之间各应变指标的差异,分析3D-STI对高血压患者左心室心肌应变特征评价的可行性.结果：高血压组左心室纵向及面积收缩期峰值应变值较对照组减低（P＜0.05）,对照组左室纵向收缩期峰值应变从基底段至心尖段呈逐渐增大趋势;Pearson相关分析表明,高血压组左室整体纵向、面积收缩期峰值应变与LVEF相关（1=0.758,P1=0.000;r2 =0.567,P2=0.000）.结论：3D-STI可通过测量心肌应变值,客观地评价高血压患者左心室收缩功能.     

The Impact of Mitral Stenosis on Left Atrial Function Assessed by Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mitral stenosis (MS) on left atrial (LA) function using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). Methods and Results: The study subjects consisted of 52 patients with asymptomatic MS and 52 control subjects. LA function was assessed using prototype speckle tracking software and manual tracking method. Maximal LA volume (LAVmax) and minimal LA volume (LAVmin) and LA volume before atrial contraction (LAVpre‐a) were measured. Using these volumes, LA reservoir, conduit and booster pump fuction parameters were calculated. Indexed LAVmax, LAVmin, and LAVpre‐a measurements via speckle tracking were highly correlated with manual tracing methods in both groups. Expansion index (67.8 ± 36.4 vs. 148.3 ± 44.2), diastolic emptying index (37.7 ± 12.9 vs. 58.0 ± 8.5), passive emptying (37.3 ± 14.1 vs. 70.4 ± 10.4) and passive emptying index (13.3 ± 6.3 vs. 41.3 ± 10.6) were decreased significantly in MS patients (P < 0.001). In contrast active emptying index (62.6 ± 4.1 vs. 29.5 ± 10.1) increased in MS group (P < 0.001) while active emptying (28.1 ± 13.0 vs. 28.3 ± 6.9) remained same among both groups. Conclusions: This is the first study relating LA volumes and function assessed by 2DSTE to MS. 2D speckle tracking analysis of LA volume is relatively easy and provides more detailed information regarding the changes in LA volumes during the cardiac cycle.     

斑点追踪分层应变技术评价蒽环类药物化疗患者早期心肌毒性

目的 本研究采用二维斑点追踪显像技术（2D-STI）评价使用蒽环类化疗药物患者左室收缩功能及左室收缩同步性,探讨2D-STI在评价蒽环类药物化疗早期心肌毒性中的应用价值。方法 选取我院诊断为乳腺癌的女性患者40例,所有患者均接受表柔比星化疗。分别在化疗前（T0）、第一周期及第二周期化疗后（T1、T2）进行二维超声心动图检查,用EchoPAC软件分析蒽环类药物化疗患者左室心肌内膜、心肌外膜、整体纵向应变（EndoGLS、EpiGLS、GLS）、环向应变（EndoGCS、EpiGCS、GCS）及左室整体径向应变（GRS）;获取纵向、环向及径向整体达峰时间标准差（Tssl-SD、Tssc-SD,Tssr-SD）及纵向、环向及径向达峰时间最大差值（Tssl-Dif、Tssc-Dif、Tssr-Dif）,获取纵向、环向及径向延迟指数（LSDI、CSDI、RSDI）。结果 与T0周期相比,GLS、endoGLS及endoGCS在T2周期化疗后的变化有统计学意义（p2均＜0.05）;与T0周期相比,患者Tssl-SD及LSDI 在T2周期化疗后的变化有统计学意义（p2均＜0.05）。结论 2D-STI技术获取的分层应变参数及同步性参数可以准确分析蒽环类药物化疗患者早期心肌收缩功能的损伤及室壁运动协调性的损伤,能够敏感发现蒽环类药物化疗后的早期心肌毒性表现。     

三维斑点追踪技术评价冠心病患者左室扭转运动及位移的初步研究

目的应用超声三维斑点追踪技术(3DT)评价冠状动脉粥样硬化(冠心病)患者左室扭转运动特征及位移参数,并探讨扭转与位移的相关性。方法冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者120例,根据冠状动脉狭窄部位分为左前降支组(LAD组,n=47)、左旋支组(LCX组,n=25)、右冠状动脉组(RCA组,n=23)及多支病变组(n=25),左主干病变归入多支组。正常对照组40例。经胸采集左室三维全容积动态图像,存储后运用3DT软件进行脱机分析,得到左室整体、基底段、中间段及心尖段扭转角度峰值(PGT、PBT、PMT、PAT),左室三维位移(P3DD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标。比较冠心病各组和对照组上述指标之间的差异,并分析左室扭转角度峰值与位移参数、LVEF的相关性。结果 1与对照组比较,冠心病组PGT、PAT、P3DD及LVEF均较低,差异均有统计学意义(均P﹤0.05);2LCX组、RCA组的PBT、PMT较对照组减低,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);3LAD组PBT较对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);PMT较对照组减低,但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);4多支组PMT、PBT较对照组减低,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);5LAD组、LCX组、RCA组对应的左室节段、多支组左室各壁P3DD较对照组明显减低,差异有统计学意义(均P﹤0.05或0.01);6冠心病组扭转角度峰值与P3DD、LVEF均有一定相关性,PAT与LVEF、P3DD相关性最佳(r1=0.53,P1﹤0.05;r2=0.44,P2﹤0.05)。结论 3DT可以在三维立体空间内研究左室位移及扭转运动特征,从机械力学角度评价冠心病患者左室收缩功能减低。     

二维斑点追踪技术对糖尿病患者心脏舒缩功能的研究

目的 运用二维斑点追踪技术（STI）评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.方法 对28例糖尿病无血管并发症（DM Ⅰ组）,19例糖尿病合并血管并发症（DM Ⅱ组）及27例健康体健者（对照组）行常规二维超声,录取图像后导入EchoPAC分析软件,用斑点追踪技术对左室应变及扭转进行定量分析.结果 DM Ⅰ组及DM Ⅱ组与对照组比较,纵向应变和扭转角度峰值减小,扭转速度达峰时间缩短,解旋速度达峰时间延长、扭转速度峰值、解旋速度峰值及解旋率均减小,且随着并发症的出现差异更明显.结论 STI技术可以定量评价糖尿病患者的心脏收缩和舒张功能.     

三维斑点追踪技术评价阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征伴高血压患者左心室整体收缩功能

目的 应用三维斑点追踪（3D-STI）技术评价阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）伴高血压（HT）患者左心室整体收缩功能。方法 OSAHS 40例,分为单纯OSAHS组20例和OSAHS+HT组20例;另选择20名健康正常人作为正常对照组。行常规超声心动图检查,采集左心室心尖四腔三维全容积图像,存储图像并应用3D-STI分析软件在线分析,计算左心室整体纵向收缩峰值应变（GLS）、左心室整体径向收缩峰值应变（GRS）、左心室整体圆周收缩峰值应变（GCS）及左心室整体面积收缩峰值应变（GAS）。结果 与正常对照组相比,OSAHS组 左心室GLS、GRS、GAS减低（P均<0.05）,OSAHS+HT组左心室GLS、GRS、GCS、GAS均减低（P均<0.05）。与OSAHS组比较,OSAHS+HT组 左心室GLS、GCS、GAS均减低（P均<0.05）。结论 OSAHS合并HT患者存在左心室收缩功能受损。3D-STI能早期、准确有效地评估其左心室整体收缩功能改变。OSAHS患者心脏结构及功能变化独立于HT而单独存在,二者同时存在时改变加重。     

The research for the function evaluation of facial nerve and the mechanisms of rehabilitation training

Background:Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) is a common peripheral neural disease. Acupuncture treatment combined with PFP rehabilitation exercises is a routine method of PFP treatment. This article is to provide a new visual and objective evaluation method for exploring the mechanism and efficacy of acupuncture treatment on PFP, and develop an interactive augmented facial nerve function rehabilitation training system with multiple training models.Methods:This prospective and observational trial will recruit 200 eligible participants for the following study. In the trial, the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technology will be applied to monitor the microcirculation of facial blood flow during acupuncture, and real-time monitoring algorithms, data sampling, and digital imaging methods will be conducted by machine learning and image segmentation. Then, a database of patient facial expressions will be built, the correlation between surface blood flow perfusion volume and facial structure symmetry will be analyzed, combined with scale assessment and electrophysiological detection. In addition, we will also explore the objectivity and effectiveness of LASCA in the evaluation of facial paralysis (FP), and the changes in blood flow microcirculation before and after acupuncture treatment will be analyzed.Results:The standard image of the facial target area with facial nerve injury will be manually segmented by the convolutional neural network method. The blood flow images of the eyelid, cheek, and mandible of the patients’ affected and healthy side will be compared and evaluated. Laser speckle blood flow symmetry Pr and its changes in FP condition evolution and prognosis outcome will be measured, and relevant characteristic signals values will be extracted. Finally, COX regression analysis method is conducted to establish a higher accuracy prediction model of FP with cross-validation based on laser speckle blood flow imaging technology.Conclusions:We use modern interdisciplinary high-tech technologies to explore the mechanism of acupuncture rehabilitation training in PFP. And we will provide evidence for the feasibility of using the LASCA technique as a typing diagnosis of FP in the acupuncture rehabilitation treatment of PFP.Registration number:ChiCTR1800019463     

二维斑点追踪技术评估舒张性心力衰竭患者左室心肌收缩运动的价值

目的探讨二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)评价舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)患者左心室(左室)心肌收缩运动的价值。方法 30例DHF患者(A组)、30例DHF可疑患者(B组)及30例正常人(C组)行常规超声测量相关指标。应用2D-STI测量三组左室径向及纵向各18节段收缩期峰值应变。结果与C组比较,A、B组E/A降低,E/E′升高(P<0.05);与B组比较,A组E/A降低,E/E′升高(P<0.05)。A组所有节段径向及纵向收缩期峰值应变均低于C组(P<0.05)。A组部分节段径向及纵向收缩期峰值低于B组(P<0.05)。结论 2D-STI可作为一种无创性定量检测方法准确评价DHF患者左室心肌收缩运动。