诺氟沙星银软膏的研制和实验观察

本文对诺氟沙星银软膏进行了研制，将诺氟沙星与硝酸银在氢氧化钠溶液中反应得到诺氟沙星银（ＡｇＱＣ），样品为白色或类白色粉末状结晶，熔点１７８～１８０℃（分解）。用红外光谱法对其进行定性，证实成盐反应成立。建立了完整的质量标准体系。用灰化后银量法测定１０个批号的含量，９５．９１±０．４６％，ＲＳＤ＝０．８６±０．１１％。配制了０．１％、０．５％、１％３种不同浓度的诺氟沙星软膏，以１％磺胺嘧啶银（ＡｇＳＤ）软膏作对照，诺氟沙星银软膏对金葡菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的抑菌作用明显增强，结果有显著性差异。家兔皮肤刺激性试验表明，３种浓度的软膏对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无明显刺激反应。     

Comparative study of dissolved and nanoparticulate Ag effects on the life cycle of an estuarine meiobenthic copepod,Amphiascus tenuiremis

Many nanotoxicological studies have assessed the acute toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) at high exposure concentrations. There is a gap in understanding NP chronic environmental effects at lower exposure concentrations. This study reports life-cycle chronic toxicity of sublethal exposures of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) relative to dissolved silver nitrate (AgNO₃) for the estuarine meiobenthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis, over a range of environmentally relevant concentrations, i.e., 20, 30, 45, and 75?µg-Ag?L^?1. A concentration-dependent increase in mortality of larval nauplii and juvenile copepodites was observed. In both treatment types, significantly higher mortality was observed at 45 and 75?µg-Ag?L^?1 than in controls. In AgNO₃ exposures, fecundity declined sharply (1.8–7 fold) from 30 to 75?µg Ag?L^?1. In contrast, fecundity was not affected by PVP-AgNPs exposures. A Leslie matrix population-growth model predicted sharply 60–86% of decline in overall population sizes and individual life-stage numbers from 30–75?µg-Ag L^?1 as dissolved AgNO₃. In contrast, no population growth suppressions were predicted for any PVP-AgNPs exposures. Slower release of dissolved Ag from PVP-AgNPs and/or reduced Ag uptake in the nanoform may explain these sharp contrasts in copepod response.     

德莫林对大白鼠烫伤模型的实验研究

目的探讨德莫林对大白鼠烫伤模型的治疗效果。方法采用随机,自身同体对照的试验方法,Wistar雄性大白鼠,体重（250±50）g,在鼠背部制成对称深Ⅱ度烧伤创面,面积约10%TBSA。治疗组创面用1g/100cm2德莫林治疗,对照组创面常规涂抹磺胺嘧啶银霜。观察治疗5、7、10、14、18d时创面皮肤的愈合情况及愈合率。结果治疗组创面肉芽组织增生的时间明显早于对照组创面,治疗组创面伤后5、7、10、14、18d时的愈合率明显高于对照组创面（P〈0.05）。结论德莫林对烧伤创面的愈合有明显促进作用。     

Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure,Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules

A zeroth-order, non-diffracting Bessel beam, generated by picosecond laser pulses (1064 nm, 10 Hz, 30 ps) through an axicon, was utilized to perform pulse energy-dependent (12 mJ, 16 mJ, 20 mJ, 24 mJ) laser ablation of silver (Ag) substrates in air. The fabrication resulted in finger-like Ag nanostructures (NSs) in the sub-200 nm domain and obtained structures were characterized using the FESEM and AFM techniques. Subsequently, we employed those Ag NSs in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies achieving promising sensing results towards trace-level detection of six different hazardous materials (explosive molecules of picric acid (PA) and ammonium nitrate (AN), a pesticide thiram (TH) and the dye molecules of Methylene Blue (MB), Malachite Green (MG), and Nile Blue (NB)) along with a biomolecule (hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)). The remarkably superior plasmonic behaviour exhibited by the AgNS corresponding to 16 mJ pulse ablation energy was further explored. To accomplish a real-time application-oriented understanding, time-dependent studies were performed utilizing the AgNS prepared with 16 mJ and TH molecule by collecting the SERS data periodically for up to 120 days. The coated AgNSs were prepared with optimized gold (Au) deposition, accomplishing a much lower trace detection in the case of thiram (~50 pM compared to ~50 nM achieved prior to the coating) as well as superior EF up to ~10⁸ (~10⁶ before Au coating). Additionally, these substrates have demonstrated superior stability compared to those obtained before Au coating.     

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Binding Behaviors of Human Serum Albumin to Silver Nanoparticles

A nanoparticle, under biological milieu, is inclined to be combined with various biomolecules, particularly protein, generating an interfacial corona which provides a new biological identity. Herein, the binding interaction between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD), and multiple spectroscopic techniques. Due to the ground state complex formed mainly through hydrophobic interactions, the fluorescence titration method proved that intrinsic fluorescence for HSA was probably statically quenched by AgNPs. The complete thermodynamic parameters were derived, indicating that the interaction between HSA and AgNPs is an entropy-driven process. Additionally, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectrum results suggested the conformational variation it has upon binding to AgNPs and the α-helix content has HSA visibly decreased. The kinetic experiments proved the double hysteresis effect has in HSA’s binding to the AgNPs surface. Moreover, the binding has between HSA and AgNPs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic characteristic and fits the Freundlich model for multilayer adsorption. These results facilitate the comprehension about NPs’ underlying biological effects under a physiological environment and promote the secure applications of NPs biologically and medically.     

重组人表皮细胞生长因子促进慢性创面的愈合

目的观察重组人表皮生长因子（ｒｈＥＧＦ）对慢性创面愈合的影响。方法应用国产ｒｈＥＧＦ，采用自身对照法（对照药物：１％磺胺嘧啶银霜），对６１例慢性创面（烧伤残留肉芽创面３７例，溃疡创面２４例）进行局部治疗。以创面愈合为指标，与对照组平行比较，判读创面愈合时间。结果ｒｈＥＧＦ用于慢性创面的治疗，明显缩短创面愈合时间。肉芽创面愈合时间较对照组缩短约１５天，具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）；溃疡创面愈合时间亦有缩短。结论ｒｈＥＧＦ有促进慢性创面愈合的作用     

载银硅灰石涂层制备及抗菌性能研究

目的制备载银等离子喷涂的硅灰石涂层,以期获得具有抗菌作用的植入物涂层材料。方法将硅灰石涂层浸入不同浓度（1％、5％、9％）硝酸银溶液中载银24h。经扫描电镜观察涂层表面形貌、配套能谱仪分析表面物质成分、X射线衍射仪测定物相组成及原子吸收光谱仪检测涂层载银量等方法筛选合适的载银工艺。运用所选工艺制备载银涂层,并进行银离子缓释和抑菌环试验。结果随着硝酸银浓度的提高,涂层载银量增加。同时考虑载银量和成本因素,选择5％硝酸银溶液载银工艺进行后续研究。5％硝酸银溶液载银涂层在去离子水中银呈均匀释放50d以上;抑菌环持续40d以上,其最大直径为（6．00±0．25）mm,与未载银原始硅灰石涂层的抑菌环最大直径（0．23±0．34）mm比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论硅灰石与硝酸银发生化学反应生成硅酸银,载银量随硝酸银浓度提高而增加。5％硝酸银溶液载银工艺所制备的载银硅灰石涂层具有良好的抗菌性能。     

肿瘤患者T细胞核仁嗜银蛋白和辅助性T细胞亚群变化

目的 :探讨肿瘤患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)中T细胞核仁嗜银蛋白 (AgNORs)表达和辅助性T(Th)细胞亚群变化的关系及其临床意义。方法 :采取肿瘤患者 86例、正常对照者 44例的外周血。PBMC经多克隆T细胞活化剂刺激 ,用图像分析法检测AgNORs区面积与细胞核仁面积的百分比 (I .S % ) ;PBMC用离子霉素和佛波醇酯活化 5h后 ,以酶联免疫斑点法 (ELISPOT)检测IFNγ和IL 4产生细胞的频度 (% ) ;用相同的活化剂刺激 2 4h ,用ELISA试剂盒检测培养上清液中的γ 干扰素 (IFNγ)和白细胞介素 4(IL 4)水平。结果 :肿瘤患者和正常人 ,AgNORs表达分别为 4.9± 1.2I .S %和 7.82± 1.2 8I .S % ,肿瘤组显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肿瘤组PBMC中Th2细胞频度显著上升 ,Th1/Th2比值显著下降 ;同时 ,肿瘤组PBMC产生IFNγ和IL 4水平发生相应变化 ,变化方式与Th亚群变化相似 ;系统分析 5 1例肺癌 ,转移组比未转移组 ,复发组比未复发组 ,Th1细胞数、Th1/Th2和IFNγ产生水平显著下降 ;在肿瘤组AgNORs表达与Th1细胞频度、Th1/Th2、IFNγ产生和肿瘤患者生活状态的Karnofsky评分正相关。结论 :肿瘤患者PBMC中T细胞表达AgNORs下降 ,与患者Th1细胞功能下降呈正相关 ,与临床状态变化一致     

DNA直接银染测序法的建立和优化

目的：建立一种简便易行,灵敏经济的DNA直接银染测序法。方法：以标准DNApGEMR -3Zf( )(1g/L）为测序模板,测序电泳后,分别用银染试剂盒的银染色法及改良的银染色法进行染色,比较这两种方法的优劣。结果：改良的银染法具有操作简便,对显影温度不苛求,耗费少等优点。所显示的DNA带型与传统的方法比较,同样清晰可读,结论：优化的DNA直接银染测序法因简便经济,无放射性污染,更适合大多数实验室使用。     

4种抗原用于斑点免疫金银染色试验诊断日本血吸虫病的比较

采用斑点免疫金银染色(Dot-IGSS)试验对4种日本血吸虫抗原的敏感性及特异性进行比较。结果显示粗提成虫抗原(AWA)、尿素溶解性成虫抗原(JWU)、硫酸铵沉淀成虫抗原(AW)和可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)检测40例日本血吸虫病人血清抗体的敏感性均达100.0％,40例正常人血清的可疑阳性反应分别为2.5％、0、2.5％和0,40例肝吸虫病人血清的可疑交叉率分别为2.5％、0、2.5％和0,表明在高敏感的IGSS检测系统中,粗提成虫抗原的敏感性和特异性与部分纯化者和虫卵抗原无显著性差异(P>0.05)。