An Update on Treatment of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been linked to more than 1,000 medications and remains the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Here, we review the most current literature regarding treatment and make recommendations for the management of this relatively common disease. Since treatment of DILI remains largely elusive, recent studies have attempted to define new management strategies for these difficult patients. Early diagnosis and withdrawal of the suspected medication is the mainstay of treatment of DILI. For acetaminophen and Amanita mushroom poisoning, there are specific therapies in use. Finally, there are other possible management modalities for DILI, including corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid.     

Herbal hepatotoxicity: Analysis of cases with initially reported positive re-exposure tests

BackgroundPositive re-exposure tests are diagnostic hallmarks for hepatotoxicity.ObjectiveTo test validity of positive re-exposures in herb induced liver injury.MethodsWe searched Medline database for cases of herb induced liver injury with positive re-exposures and analysed 34 cases for positive re-exposure test criteria of baseline alanine aminotransferase < 5N before re-exposure, and re-exposure alanine aminotransferase ≥ 2× baseline alanine aminotransferase. Re-exposure test was negative, if baseline alanine aminotransferase < 5N combined with re-exposure alanine aminotransferase < 2× baseline alanine aminotransferase, or if baseline alanine aminotransferase ≥ 5N regardless of the re-exposure alanine aminotransferase including no available re-exposure alanine aminotransferase result.ResultsIn 21/34 cases (61.8%), criteria for a positive re-exposure were fulfilled, with negative tests in 6/34 cases (17.6%) or uninterpretable ones in 7/34 cases (20.6%). Confirmed positive re-exposure tests established potential of herb induced liver injury for Aloe, Chaparral, Chinese herbal mixtures, Chinese Jin Bu Huan, Chinese Syo Saiko To, Germander, Greater Celandine, Green tea, Kava, Mistletoe, Polygonum multiflorum, and Senna, with up to 4 case reports per herb.ConclusionsAmong 34 cases of herb-induced liver injury with initially reported positive re-exposure tests, 61.8% of the cases actually fulfilled established test criteria and provided firm diagnoses of herb induced liver injury by various herbs.     

58例肝硬化自发性腹膜炎临床分析

目的探讨和分析肝硬化自发性腹膜炎临床的临床特点。方法采取回顾性分析方式,分析我院收治的58例肝硬化自发性腹膜炎患者的临床资料。结果分析患者的临床表现和致病菌,研究患者在未经过腹水检查情况下的患者临床表现和中性粒白细胞比例。结论肝硬化自发性腹膜炎患者的临床症状表现并不明显,因此医生要及时诊断和运用抗生素进行治疗,以免延误病情。     

Role of liver transplantation in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignancy arising from the bile duct epithelium with a grim prognosis. Although complete resection may be curative, it is feasible only in a minority of cases owing to local extension of the tumor. Early experiences with liver transplantation were discouraging, given the high rates of tumor recurrence and poor patient survival. Trials with aggressive transplantation methods and adjuvant chemotherapy did not yield significantly better outcomes. Recently, stringent patient selection and neoadjuvant chemoradiation have yielded promising results with 5-year survival rates as high as 76%. Factors associated with recurrence after transplantation include advanced age, history of cholecystectomy, elevated serum glycoprotein cancer antigen 19-9 level, a discreet mass on imaging and an interval from enrollment to transplant greater than 100 days.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与血清尿酸

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)被视为代谢综合征(MS)的肝脏表现,除糖脂代谢紊乱外,血清尿酸(SUA)的水平也左右着NAFLD的进展。叙述了两者相关的最新研究成果,指出无论健康个体或患者的SUA都能够独立预测患者MS、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险,其机制可能是SUA通过诱导活性氧(ROS)增加ROS-硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(TXNIP)表达,进而引发pyrin结构域蛋白3炎症小体激活和白细胞介素的分泌;无论基础或临床研究,使用降低SUA的药物可以抑制TXNIP通路,降低血糖水平,减轻肝细胞ROS、炎症、脂肪变性和纤维化。提示减少SUA可能是NAFLD一个有前途的潜在治疗方法,值得基础和临床的进一步研究。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关易感基因及其在发病机制中的作用

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发病率逐年增高并呈低龄化趋势,严重增加个人及社会经济负担。作为一种遗传-代谢-环境相关疾病,遗传因素在NAFLD发生发展中起着尤为重要的作用。随着全基因组关联研究技术的广泛应用,对NAFLD遗传易感基因的研究不断取得新的进展。总结国内外现有研究成果,以其遗传易感基因多态性为切入点,探讨影响NAFLD的发病因素及内在机制。