33例重症急性胰腺炎死亡原因分析

目的 分析导致重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)死亡的原因.方法 回顾性分析瑞金医院近5年33例SAP死亡病例的临床资料,探讨早期高危因素对于SAP预后的关系.结果 在33例SAP病例中,发病1周内死亡的有16例,心脏骤停占55%,老年患者(>60岁)占78.8%;发病>1个月的死亡病例有12例,其中感染性休克6例(胰性脑病1例),MODS占10例(83.3%).结论 导致重症急性胰腺炎死亡的高危因素为高龄、多器官功能衰竭、感染、出血.临床上要重视重症急性胰腺炎的早期重要脏器功能的支持治疗,积极控制并发症,特别是高龄患者;手术时机的把握以及后期对于感染的控制是降低病死率的关键.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对内毒素休克羊血液动力学和炎性介质的影响

目的观察连续性静脉.静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对内毒素休克血液动力学和炎性介质的影响。方法 雄性绵羊12只,随机分为两组。对照组(A组,n=6),内毒素以1 mg·kg-1静脉泵注,30min内完成,同时静脉输注林格液15 ml·kg-1·h-1,持续6 h;血滤组(B组,n=6),于开始泵注内毒素后1 h给予CVVH治疗5 h,其余处理同A组。所有动物均给予气管插管、镇静、肌松、控制呼吸,行有创血液动力学监测;两组分别于内毒素泵注前(T0)、开始泵注后30、60、90、120、210、360 min(T1～T6)采静脉血及超滤液4ml,测定血浆及超滤液中内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的浓度。结果 血滤组CVVH治疗后(T1-T6)平均动脉压及体循环阻力指数明显上升、心率显著性下降。TNF-α于泵注内毒素后(T1-T6)两组均显著性增高,血滤组于CVVH治疗60 min(T4)时较治疗前(T2)虽无明显改变,但明显低于同时点对照组(P<0.01),CVVH治疗150～300 min(T5-T6)时TNF-α浓度较对照组及治疗前(T2)均显著性降低(P<0.05);IL-10虽呈增高趋势,但较治疗前和对照组无显著性变化;而两组IL-6水平则无明显差异。超滤液中可检测到TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10。结论 血滤治疗有利于纠正促炎细胞因子过度释放和抗炎细胞因子失衡,改善内毒素休克血液动力学。     

经皮肾微造瘘联合输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石并感染性休克75例报告

目的：探讨经皮肾微造瘘联合输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石并感染性休克的疗效及意义。方法：对75例输尿管结石并感染性休克患者在积极抗感染及抗休克治疗的同时行经皮肾微造瘘,并于术后1～4周行输尿管镜碎石术。结果：75例患者肾造瘘均jr~,,tl完成,感染及休克症状得到控制。输尿管镜手术均顺利完成,结石基本完全清除。结论：对于输尿管结石并感染性休克患者,早期行经皮肾微造瘘能有效控制感染及休克症状,联合输尿管镜碎石术能完整清除结石,临床效果满意,并能有效防I}术后感染并发痒的发牛。     

经皮肾镜碎石术并发急性肺水肿、脓毒性休克1例报告并文献复习

经皮肾镜碎石术（PCNL）是尿石症的现代先进、微创治疗方法之一,在临床上应用广泛,但手术过程中可出现多种相关并发症。现报告1例ASAI级47岁女性患者因“双肾结石并泌尿系感染”,在腰硬联合麻醉下行左侧经皮肾镜碎石术,术中出现低氧血症急性肺水肿,继而脓毒性休克,结合文献对经皮肾镜碎石术中并发急性肺水肿、脓毒性休克的防治进行复习,术中麻醉医生要加强对生命体征的监测,及时发现、及时处理出现的并发症,主动参与到围术期医学中,在并发症的防治中发挥重要作用,对病人的预后有重要的意义。     

泌尿腔内手术患者术后尿脓毒症休克发生的相关因素及临床特征分析

目的 探讨泌尿腔内手术患者术后尿脓毒症休克发生的相关因素及临床特征分析.方法 选取泌屎腔内手术后并发尿脓毒症患者73例,其中15例并发尿脓毒症休克.记录患者年龄、性别、ASA分级、是否有泌尿系统感染史、术前尿白细胞(WBC)、尿细菌培养结果、是否预防性使用抗生素、术中肾盂是否积脓、手术方式、手术时间、术毕时血WBC和C反应蛋白浓度及术后早期是否出现感染征象.记录尿脓毒症休克患者血压、多器官功能障碍综合征评分和预后情况.尿脓毒症休克患者最低SP与休克诊断时间、休克纠正时间、ICU停留时间和最高多器官功能障碍综合征评分间进行Person相关分析.结果 女性和术后早期出现感染征象与尿脓毒症休克发生相关(P＜0.05).血压突然下降是尿脓毒症休克的首发症状,最低收缩压[(71±10) mm Hg]与休克诊断时间[术后(90±44)min]呈正相关,与ICU停留时间[(3.8±1.3) d]和最高多器官功能障碍综合征评分[(6.1±3.1)分]呈负相关(P＜0.05),但与休克纠正时间无关(P＞0.05).所有尿脓毒症休克患者出院时器官功能都恢复至术前水平.结论 女性和术后早期出现感染征象的尿脓毒症患者术后易发生尿脓毒症体克;及时诊断和治疗尿脓毒症休克,预后良好.     

Atlanto‐odontoid pyogenic arthritis revealing a Jugular Vein Thrombosis

Pyogenic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint is scarce. It can lead to several complications, such as spinal cord compression and cerebral vein thrombosis. A 51‐year‐old man presented with a twenty‐day history of inflammatory neck pain. Physical examination revealed paravertebral muscle contracture, restricted neck movement, and fever. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed synovitis of atlanto‐odontoid joint, anterior epidural collection, and cerebral vein thrombosis. Transthoracic echocardiography was unremarkable. The patient was successfully treated with anti‐staphylococcal antibiotic treatment for 12 weeks associated with immobilization of the cervical spine. MRI performed one month after the initiation of the treatment showed disappearance of the epidural collection. The diagnosis of septic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint should be considered in a patient with inflammatory neck pain. MRI findings are relevant in making the diagnosis of a septic atlanto‐odontoid joint. Conservative treatment, including antibiotic and neck immobilization, can be sufficient for the treatment of pyogenic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint. Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication due to septic arthritis of the atlantoaxial joint.     

高容量血液滤过联合集束化治疗对感染性休克合并MODS疗效分析

目的 探讨高容量血液滤过联合集束化治疗对感染性休克合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的效果。方法 选择2019年2月—2020年12月期间本院收治的119例感染性休克合并MODS患者符合本次纳入、排除标准的90例患者作为研究对象,利用分层随机分组法分为两组各45例,对照组接受集束化治疗,研究组接受高容量血液滤过联合集束化治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分,炎症因子水平、降钙素原PCT水平和动脉血乳酸水平、乳酸清除率。结果 治疗后,研究组APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分(12.15±6.28,9.25±4.28)低于对照组(20.14±5.16,14.17±5.12),差异有统计学意义(t=6.594、4.946,P<0.001);治疗后,研究组血清IL-6、IL-10水平(38.25±15.24,4.21±0.89)低于对照组(64.21±18.21,6.25±1.31),研究组降钙素原PCT水平(9.81±3.94)低于对照组(11.1±4.19),差异有统计学意义(t=7.305、8.641、7.830,P<0.001);治疗后,研究组...     

Pharmacology,clinical efficacy and safety of terlipressin in esophageal varices bleeding,septic shock and hepatorenal syndrome

Terlipressin, a vasopressin agonist, is a commonly used drug with different indications, particularly in patients with end-stage liver disease. As a V₁ receptor agonist, it increases systemic vascular resistance, particularly in the splanchnic area, resulting in a decrease of portal pressure. Besides the approved use for variceal bleeding, terlipressin also has beneficial effects in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome and norepinephrine-resistant septic shock. In patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding, the use of terlipressin reduces the portal vein pressure and decreases the pressure in esophageal varices. This can save lives when skilled endoscopists are not immediately available. Hepatorenal syndrome is associated with vasodilation in the mesenteric circulation with arterial underfilling and consecutive renal vasoconstriction. Restoration of an effective arterial blood volume can be achieved by the combination of terlipressin and volume expansion. In some cases, a success rate of up to 75% is reported. The early use of terlipressin in catecholamine-resistant shock can improve organ perfusion.     

Spontaneous Intrahepatic Gas Gangrene and Fatal Septic Shock

Gas gangrene of the liver is a rare clinical syndrome associated with a high rate of mortality. It is mostly associated with malignancy and immunosuppression.

We report on a male patient who presented at the department of emergency medicine with high fever but no localised complaints. CT scan revealed a cavitary lesion filled with air in the liver. Clostridium perfringens was proved to be present in the hepatic lesion and the blood, and clostridium perfringens sepsis with gas gangrene of the liver was diagnosed. Despite early diagnosis and treatment the patient died. The importance of “an aggressive treatment policy” in this kind of life-threatening disease is emphasised.