心力衰竭患者自护行为与生活质量的相关性

目的探讨心力衰竭患者自护行为与生活质量的关系。方法采用心力衰竭患者自护行为量表、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表、自制的一般资料调查表对2011年9-12月哈尔滨市某三级甲等医院的172例心力衰竭患者进行调查。结果心力衰竭患者自护维持与综合得分(r=0.238,P<0.01)、情绪领域得分(r=0.136,P<0.01)、身体领域得分(r=0.246,P<0.01)均呈正相关;自护信心与综合得分(r=0.312,P<0.01)、情绪领域得分(r=0.297,P<0.01)、身体领域得分(r=0.301,P<0.01)均呈正相关。结论心力衰竭患者的生活质量处于较低水平,且与患者的自护维持及自护信心密切相关,改善患者的自护行为对于提高患者的生活质量有重要意义。     

医护合作型分级护理决策模式实践

目的：探讨责任护士参与的医护合作型分级护理决策模式的实践及效果。方法：采用便利取样法,将2011年1-6月在某三级医院骨外科病区住院的67例患者设为常规组,7-12月住院的62例患者设为合作组,常规组采用传统方法由医生根据患者病情进行护理分级,合作组采用医护合作型分级护理决策模式进行护理分级,即由责任护士采用Barthel指数量表对患者进行评分,医生基于评分结果,确定患者护理级别。结果：常规组与合作组医嘱护理分级结果有统计学差异妒〈0．05）;合作组护理质量评价指标及患者满意度与常规组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：医护合作型分级护理决策模式可提高护理分级的科学性、合理性,提高护理质量及患者满意度。     

Disclosure,accommodations and self-care at work among adolescents with disabilities

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore whether adolescents with disabilities disclose their condition and what types of accommodations are requested at work. Method: In-depth, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 adolescents with a physical and/or mobility-related disability. We also reviewed their self- and staff assessments completed throughout an employment training program in which they took part. Results: The findings show that most youth were able to disclose their conditions and recognize some of their limitations in performing tasks at work. Youth requested physical accommodations, more time to complete tasks and cognitive accommodations. Youth also performed several self-care tasks to manage their disability at work including personal care, pain management and fatigue. Conclusions: Within the context of this employment training program, youth were able to disclose their condition to their employer, ask for accommodations and manage their disability in the workplace.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Educators and clinicians should:

• Assist youth in understanding whether, when and how to disclose their disability to their potential employer.

• Help youth to understand what accommodations are available to them in the workplace and how to access them, to help them to perform their job effectively.

• Coach youth on how to manage their disability in a work context, especially with regard to personal care, pain management and fatigue.

• Encourage and facilitate participation in experience-based opportunities to practice disclosure, requesting accommodations and self-management.

     

延续性自我管理教育对冠心病患者自护能力和健康知识水平的影响

目的探讨分析延续性自我管理教育对冠心病患者自护能力和健康能力水平的影响。方法选取冠心病患者80例,按照随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组接受常规健康教育,观察组在常规健康教育的基础上接受延伸性自我管理教育。随访2组患者2年。观察患者疾病康复知识知晓情况、干预后二级预防行为、自护能力的差异、血糖血脂水平。结果干预后观察组患者康复知识、二级干预行为评分和自护能力评分显著高于对照组患者(P0.05)。干预后2组患者TC、TG、HDL-C、血糖水平均比干预前显著改善,LDL-C水平观察组患者高于对照组,其余指标观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论延续性自我管理教育能够改善患者血脂血糖,能够有效提高患者的健康知识水平和自护能力,有利于CHD患者的康复和预后。     

Orem自护模式在急性心肌梗死患者护理中的应用

目的 探讨Orem自护模式在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者护理中的应用.方法 将符合WHO诊断标准的210例AMI患者随机分为实验组104例和对照组106例.对照组按常规方法 进行护理,实验组应用Orem自护模式进行护理,两组对下床活动时间、监护时间、住院时间进行比较.结果 实验组较对照组下床活动时间提前,心电监护时间缩短,住院时间缩短(P＜0.01),并且减少了医疗费用,自护能力较强.结论 Orem自理模式是护理学科的重要理论,具有较强的实用性,应用后能够改善患者的生活质量.     

Effects of a short behavioural intervention for dental flossing: randomized-controlled trial on planning when, where and how

Aim: Regular dental flossing has been widely recommended to prevent periodontal diseases. Nevertheless, compliance is below a desirable level. This study evaluates the effects of a brief behavioural intervention on dental flossing and determines whether the effects of such an intervention are stronger in a specific subgroup of individuals (those intending to floss regularly=implemental mindset).
Materials and Method: Behavioural intervention (planning when, where and how to floss) trial was conducting with 194 participants assigned to an intervention or a control group by a random time schedule; the primary outcome was validated self-report of flossing behaviour. Follow-up data were collected 2 and 8 weeks post-intervention.
Results: Individuals receiving the planning intervention significantly outperformed those in the control condition at both the 2- and the 8-week follow-up (4.24 times flossing/week versus 3.9 at 2 weeks; 4.02 versus 2.98 at 8 weeks). Intervention effects were stronger in individuals in the implemental mindset. Dropout rates were higher for participants who received the planning intervention but were not in the implemental mindset.
Conclusion: Planning interventions are an economic and effective way to change oral self-care behaviour, and are more effective in individuals in an implemental mindset.     

Self-care ability in a group of elderly Swedish people: a phenomenological study

Self-care ability in a group of elderly Swedish people: a phenomenological study The aims of this study were to describe self-care ability in a group of Swedish elderly and to elucidate the meaning of actualizing this self-care ability into self-care activity. Two different phenomenological methods were applied in the analyses of 11 self-reports written by home dwelling elderly in the community. The eidetic structure of self-care ability was twofold; it entailed, first, being present to the opportunity to act on certain perceived influences on the body and, second, alone or with support from somebody else to be able to bring about a change in attitude towards one's personal lifestyle or life situation. The meaning of actualizing this ability was interpreted as self-realization or self-transcendence.     

Educational Interventions to Improve Heart Failure Self-Care

In this project, heart failure self-care skill level assessments were completed using a 3-scale instrument at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Each assessment was followed by self-care educational interventions consisting of disease literacy, symptom monitoring, a management plan, lifestyle changes, and an action plan. The initial scores for self-care maintenance, symptom perception, and self-care management scales were 67.3, 57.4, and 50.5, respectively. The scores at 3 weeks were 79.2, 69.7, and 65.7, and at 6 weeks, they were 89.1, 81.8, and 79.8. The results suggest that educational interventions led to clinically relevant changes and adequate levels of heart failure self-care skills.     

Meeting the ranging of informational needs of chronic low back pain sufferers: Conceptual design and rationale of the interactive website ONESELF

Abstract

Purpose. Information plays an important role in the management and treatment of chronic pain conditions. Often, however, delivered information does not address specific difficulties of consumers. The present study illustrates the design and implementation of the website ONESELF - run by the Institute of Communication and Health of the University of Lugano - which has been created to meet die ranging of informational needs of chronic low back pain sufferers.

Method. ONESELF rests on an integrated idea of health literacy that highlights the kind of information consumers need to inform their decisions about back pain. This idea has been tested through a qualitative analysis of requests posted by users in the forum of ONESELF between July 2006 and December 2007.

Results. Users seek information to build their declarative (factual) and procedural knowledge, as well as to evaluate that knowledge and apply it to the context of their own life.

Conclusion. Online interactional tools such as ONESELF are a promising source of health communication, provided that the content manager of the website and the health professionals collaborate in a rigorously structured manner. ONESELF can benefit traditional medical consultations in helping screen requests from patients that do not need to see a doctor, and in acting as a repository of background information that saves consultation time for more urgent matters.