Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The overlap syndrome

ObjectiveGrowing evidence indicates that both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be closely associated with the prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, the relationship of overlap syndrome (OS) (coexistence of OSA and COPD) with PE is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether OS were associated with increased PE prevalence.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent sleep study at Beijing An Zhen Hospital from 2011 to 2014. The association of OS with PE prevalence was estimated by using logistic regression models.ResultsIn contrast to control patients (neither OSA nor COPD), those subjects with OS had higher odds of PE (OR9.61; 95%CI 4.02–21.31, p < 0.001) with significance persisting after adjusting for covariates (OR 5.66; 95%CI 1.80–16.18, p = 0.004). Meanwhile, patients with OS compared with those with isolated OSA also had significantly higher odds of PE in univariate (OR 4.79; 95%CI 2.04–10.33, p = 0.0007) and adjusted models (OR 3.89; 95%CI 1.27–10.68, p = 0.019). In subgroup analysis, patients with OS had higher odds of PE than control group among male subjects (OR 8.12, 95%CI1.86–31.87, p = 0.007) and patients ≥ 58years (OR 5.50, 95%CI 1.51–18.14, p = 0.012) in multivariable models. Percentage of total sleep time with saturation lower than 90% (T90) ≥ 2.6% was significantly associated with prevalence of PE (OR 4.72, 95%CI1.34–19.83, p = 0.015) in subgroup of patients older than 58.ConclusionsOS is independently associated with PE prevalence. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the relationship with incident PE.     

Tracheal diameter as a predictor of pulmonary function

Tracheal diameter (TD) was measured from standard posterior-anterior (PA) roentgenograms and evaluated as a predictor of pulmonary function. A population of 222 non-smokers with normal chest roentgenograms was analyzed. A subset of the population with the trachea indented two or more mm by the aorta (on PA film), as well as males and females, were analyzed separately. In males without aortic indentation of the trachea, tracheal diameter alone accounted for 28% of the variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Age and height accounted for an additional 19% of the variation. Tracheal diameter was second to age as a predictor for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC), accounting for an additional 10% of the variation in each. However, tracheal diameter did not explain significant variability in the female group. This study supports an upper airway effect on flow at large lung volumes. It also demonstrates that a tracheal diameter, measured from a PA chest film, is a useful predictor of pulmonary function that can be easily applied in population surveys.     

三拗片联合特布他林治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床研究

目的探讨三拗片联合特布他林治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床研究。方法选取2019年8月—2020年4月在青岛西海岸新区中医医院门诊急诊治疗的咳嗽变异性哮喘患者90例,随机分为对照组(n=45)和治疗组(n=45)。对照组经雾化器吸入硫酸特布他林雾化液,2.5mg/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服三拗片,2片/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组咳嗽症状的缓解和消失时间。比较两组嗜酸性粒细胞和肺功能的变化情况。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率95.56%,显著高于对照组的73.33%(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组咳嗽缓解时间和咳嗽消失时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清中嗜酸性粒细胞水平明显低于治疗前水平(P0.05);治疗组治疗后血清中嗜酸性粒细胞水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大呼气流量(PEF)明显高于治疗前(P0.05);治疗组治疗后FVC、FEV1和PEF显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论三拗片联合特布他林治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘具有较好的临床疗效,能降低嗜酸性粒细胞水平,有效改善临床症状和肺功能指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

兰州地区孕中期产前筛查血清指标MoM值分析

目的分析兰州地区孕中期唐氏综合征（Down syndrome,Ds）筛查人群中位数分布并探讨其临床应用价值。方法采用时间分辨荧光分析法检测7172例妊娠14—20“周妊娠女性血清甲胎蛋白（alpha fetoprotein,AFP）和游离绒毛促性腺激素（free—beta human chorionic gonadotropin,Freeβ—HCG）的浓度。利用DS筛查风险评估软件（LifeCycle3．0,LC3．0）的MediansTool统计不同孕用AFP和Freeβ-HCG的人群中位数、体质量,对LC3．0的中位数方程、体质量校正方程系数进行修正。结果各孕周血清AFP中位数平均水平均比软件内嵌值低,而Freeβ-HCG中位数水平在孕17周前中位数高于软件内嵌值而孕17周后中位数则低于软件内嵌值。各体重血清AFP与软件内嵌值几乎吻合,而Freeβ-HCG中位数平均水平比软件内嵌值低。结论不同地区血清中位数的筛查切割值制定标准可能存在差异,有必要进一步建立本地区孕中期产前筛查人群中位数系统。     

高龄二孩母亲育儿压力的质性研究

目的:探讨高龄二孩母亲的育儿压力。方法:采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对12位高龄二孩母亲育儿过程进行深度访谈,并用Colaizzi现象学研究法进行资料整理归纳和分析。结果:高龄二孩母亲的育儿压力可归纳为4个主题:育儿负担感、家庭关系受影响、职业发展扰乱、支持系统缺乏。结论:高龄二孩母亲在养育二孩过程中存在较大育儿压力,应积极做好身心调适,加强家庭、社会支持系统,让母亲更好地承担养育职责,构建和谐美满家庭,促进社会全面可持续发展。     

Mandibular dental changes following serial and late extraction of mandibular second premolars

Objectives:To determine changes in occlusal curves and dental tipping occurring from mandibular second premolar serial extraction, early extraction of deciduous mandibular second molars with missing second premolars, and late second premolar extraction compared with untreated controls.Materials and Methods:Information was collected from 85 subjects at three time points: T0, prior to serial extraction; T1, after serial extraction and drift prior to orthodontic treatment, and pretreatment for the late premolar extraction patients; and T2, posttreatment. Untreated age- and gender-matched controls were used for comparison. Three occlusal curves were measured on digitized mandibular casts, and dental tipping was assessed using lateral cephalograms.Results:At T0, there were no significant differences among groups. At T1, there was significant steepening of Monson''s sphere and the curve of Wilson between early and late extraction and control groups. At T2, the differences in Monson''s sphere and the curve of Wilson were fully corrected. At T1, there were significant differences in the tipping of mandibular 6''s, 4''s, and 3''s between the early extraction groups compared with the late extraction and control groups. At T2, these differences in tipping were fully corrected. There were no differences in mandibular incisor tipping between groups at T1 or T2.Conclusions:Serial extraction produced steeper occlusal curves and significant tipping of mandibular first molars, first premolars, and canines after extraction and physiologic drift (T1). Accentuated occlusal curves and tooth tipping were fully corrected following orthodontic treatment (T2). Mandibular incisor position was unchanged by serial or late second premolar extraction.     

上颌前磨牙牙根及根管形态的锥形束CT研究

目的研究上颌前磨牙牙根形态、三根管的发生率和根管解剖形态,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取珠海市口腔医院412名患者,共779颗上颌第一前磨牙,728颗上颌第二前磨牙的锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)扫描数据,分析上颌前磨牙的牙根及根管形态,三根管的发生率、双侧对称性、根管分叉位置等。结果上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率为1.8%,上颌第二前磨牙三根管发生率为0.3%,上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率显著高于上颌第二前磨牙(X^2=8.304,P=0.004)。上颌第一前磨牙三根管对称率为27.3%,上颌第二前磨牙无对称三根管结构出现。上颌前磨牙解剖形态可为单根、双牙根或三牙根,其内部根管形态复杂,存在七种Vertucci根管类型,上颌第一前磨牙以VertucciⅣ型为主,上颌第二前磨牙则以VertucciⅠ型常见。三根管上颌前磨牙的根管分叉位置多见于根中或根上1/3,16颗三根管上颌前磨牙都具有三个独立的根尖孔。结论上颌前磨牙根管形态复杂多变,CBCT对发现变异和额外根管具有重要辅助作用。