720例甲基丙二酸血症 MMACHC 基因 c.609G>A突变患者临床特征及随访分析

目的：分析携带 MMACHC基因c.609G>A（p.W203X）突变的cblC型甲基丙二酸血症（MMA）患者的临床表现、治疗效果、预后及影响因素。 方法：回顾性分析2007至2020年在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院就诊的720例携带c.609G>A突变的cblC型MMA患者的临床及实验室检查资料。根据基因突变位点不同将患者分为三组，携带c.609G>A纯合突变的患者为A组（172例）；携带c.609G>A与c.482G>A（p.R161Q）、c.80A>G（p.Q27R）及c.394C>T（p.R132X）中任一突变形成的复合杂合突变患者为B组（169例）；携带c.609G>A与上述突变位点以外突变[如c.658_660delAAG（p.K220del）、c.315A>T（p.Y105X）、c.567dupT（p.I190fs ^*13）]的复合杂合突变患者为C组（379例）。对不同基因突变位点患者的临床表现，血酰基肉碱、血同型半胱氨酸、尿有机酸水平以及治疗效果进行比较，根据随访结果采用logistic回归分析患者预后的影响因素。 结果：720例患者中306例（42.5%）来自新生儿筛查，其中156例发病；414例未进行新生儿筛查的患者中10例因同胞确诊后诊断（临床未发病），其余404例均为临床发病病例。560例发病患者中，发病年龄中位数为1.2个月（3 d~20岁）。B组发病年龄晚于A组和C组，三组间发病年龄差异有统计学意义（ P<0.01）。患者临床症状各异，1岁以内发病患者多表现为呕吐、腹泻、喂养困难及抽搐，1岁以后发病患者多以运动障碍及智力落后为主要表现。肾脏疾病起病的患者均携带c.80A>G或c.482G>A突变，伴有肺动脉高压的患者均携带c.80A>G突变。长期随访患者621例，其中预后正常156例（25.1%），落后433例（69.7%），死亡32例（5.2%）。剔除失访、死亡及资料缺失的患者，对559例患者的预后影响因素进行logistic回归分析，结果显示新生儿筛查与否、发病与否、发病年龄及基因突变位点对预后的影响有统计学意义（ P<0.05或 P<0.01）。 结论： MMACHC基因c.609G>A突变与早发型MMA相关，患者多于出生后1个月内起病。维生素B12肌内注射对携带不同突变的患者均有效。新生儿筛查对患者预后有益，而临床发病则不利于患者预后，携带c.609G>A纯合突变患者较携带c.609G>A与其他突变位点形成的复合杂合突变患者预后差。     

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CULTURE-SPECIFIC SCREEN FOR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS IN OLDERCARIBBEAN PEOPLE

Previous research and our own observations suggested that older Caribbean people might use terms for emotional distress that differed from those found in standard screening instruments. Using a combination of qualitative approaches derived from the ‘new cross-cultural psychiatry’, we have developed a new 13-item culture-specific screen containing items which both overlap and differ from those found in, for example, the Geriatric Depression Scale. Further research is in progress to test the validity of this screen in a large community sample.     

Estimation of Cardiac Depressant Activity of Ten Medicinal Plant Extracts from Pakistan

Ten medicinal plants extracts were pharmacologically screened for their cardiac activity on isolated rabbit heart, and showed significant negative inotropic activity with negative chronotropic effects. In all cases alcohol dried extracts were used and reconstituted in either water or ethyl acetate for these tests. The plant extracts which produced cardiac depression were Cactus grandiflora , Carissa carandas Linn., Duranta repens Linn., Eclipta prostrata Roxb., Heliotropium ophioglossum , Prosopis glandulosa , Scheweinfurthia sphaerocarpa A. Br., Solanum surattense Burm. f., Tephrosia uniflora Pers., Nardostachys jatamansi Dc. (Syn. Valeriana jatamansi ).     

Pilot Study to Quantify Palladium Impurities in Lead-like Compounds Following Commonly Used Purification Techniques

Palladium-catalyzed reactions are among the most commonly used procedures in organic synthesis. The products have a range of uses, including as intermediates in total synthesis and as screening compounds for drug discovery or agrochemical projects. Despite the known and potentially deleterious effects of low-level metal impurities in biological assays, the quantification of metal remaining in reaction products to verify the effective removal of the transition element is rarely reported. Using palladium as an exemplar, we describe a pilot study that for the first time quantifies residual metal levels in reaction products following increasingly rigorous purification protocols. Our results demonstrate that significant levels of residual palladium can remain in isolated reaction products following chromatographic purification, and only by using a subsequent metal scavenging step are they reliably reduced to a low level. Finally, we provide a set of simple guidelines that should minimize the potential for issues associated with residual palladium in reaction products.     

中医临床研究过程质量控制评估指标的筛选及建立

目的建立中医临床研究过程质量控制评估指标,以实现对中医临床研究质量控制的量化评价。方法通过核心小组讨论、专家咨询法,同时结合实地检查发现的问题,在中期量化评估指标的基础上将指标体系扩充至21个,并依此指标体系进行数据采集。以所采集的数据为基础数据,根据专家主观权重意见结合数据特征,通过聚类分析、相关性分析等统计方法进一步筛选和优化指标,最后通过因子分析方法验证最终筛选指标理论层次构建的合理性及评估指标的可应用性。结果确定了14个量化评估指标进行质控量化评价。结论确定的评估指标在主观认识与数理依据之间基本一致,依此对中医临床研究进行质控评估是可行的。     

The perspectives of survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma on lung cancer screening: A qualitative study

BackgroundHodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLS) are at excess risk of lung cancer as a consequence of HL treatment. HLS without a heavy smoking history are currently unable to access lung cancer screening (LCS) programmes aimed at ever smokers, and there is an unmet need to develop a targeted LCS programme. In this study we prospectively explored HLS perspectives on a future LCS programme, including motivating factors and potential barriers to participation, with the aim of identifying ways to optimise uptake in a future programme.MethodsSemistructured telephone interviews were conducted with HLS, aged 18–80 and lymphoma‐free for ≥5 years, selected from a clinical database (ADAPT). Participants provided informed consent. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsDespite awareness of other late effects, most participants were unaware of their excess risk of lung cancer. Most were willing to participate in a future LCS programme, citing the potential curability of early‐stage lung cancer and reassurance as motivating factors, whilst prior experience of healthcare was a facilitator. Whilst the screening test (a low dose CT scan) was considered acceptable, radiation risk was a concern for some and travel and time off work were potential barriers to participation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that most HLS would participate in a future LCS programme, motivated by perceived benefits. Their feedback identified a need to develop educational materials addressing lung cancer risk and concerns about screening, including radiation risk. Such materials could be provided upon an invitation to LCS. Uptake in a future programme may be further optimized by offering flexible screening appointments close to home.     

Cervical cancer,geographical inequalities,prevention and barriers in resource depleted countries

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a current global issue, with >90% of cervical cancer cases being attributed to human papilloma virus (HPV). The highest burden of cervical cancer is reported in resource-depleted geographical areas with a high incidence of HPV infection. Recent developments in primary prevention include vaccinations against specific strains of HPV and the psychoeducation of the public. Yet, despite the availability of vaccinations, there is high incidence of both HPV and cervical cancer in developing countries, which is attributed to a multitude of barriers including inaccessibility to expensive vaccines. With regards to secondary prevention, progress is actively being made to develop more effective methods of screening and to specifically address the needs of low-income countries. In the past few years, more novel screening methods, such as self-assessment kits, immunohistochemistry and methylation marker analysis, have been developed. Barriers to screening in resource-depleted countries include limited financial resources and infrastructure to develop screening programmes, a lack of screening programmes that are accessible to populations, inadequate training of healthcare teams and stigma related to medical examinations performed as part of screening. Developing primary and secondary prevention programs, as well as addressing the barriers involved in countries with low socioeconomic levels, can drastically reduce morbidity and mortality rates associated with cervical cancer, thus reducing the burden associated with this gynaecological malignancy.     

新生儿脐带血红细胞指标在新生儿地中海贫血筛查中的价值

目的:探讨新生儿脐带血红细胞指标与地中海贫血的相关性,揭示其在新生儿地中海贫血筛查中的临床价值.方法:收集2017年7月至2018年12月在南方医科大学附属中山市博爱医院出生的2 919例新生儿脐带血,进行血常规检测,另采集外周血检测地中海贫血基因,确定各指标中的cut-off值,并计算灵敏度、特异度等评价指标.结果:...     

子宫内膜异位症相关生物标志物的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)是子宫内膜的腺体和间质组织种植于子宫腔外的一种慢性的、激素依赖性疾病,已成为妇科常见的疾病之一.由于该病的发病机制尚不清楚,EMs的临床诊断和治疗仍缺乏足够敏感和特异的体征、症状以及可用于血液检测的生物标志物,因此寻找更有效的非侵入性诊断方法对提高EMs患者的临床疗效...