吗啡导致猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律转变

目的 分析吗啡对猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律的影响。方法 分析注射吗啡后猕猴海马神经元自发放电节律变化情况，并用数学方法加以验证。结果 在吗啡作用下海马神经元自发放电节律会发生转变，纳络酮可以逆转这种转变，共观察到种转变形式。为了研究这种转变的动力学机制，用数学模型模拟吗啡对神经元自发放电节律的影响，得到了与在体实验一致的结果。结论 在吗啡作用下海马神经自发放电节律发生转变。利用数学模型研究发现节律转变的原因是吗啡改变了膜上钠，钾，超极化电流等离子通道的功能所致，节律转变的过程存在着混沌规律。     

Patterns of asbestosis in New Jersey.

Hospital discharge data from New Jersey were used to identify cases of asbestosis for the 8 years 1979-1986. Multiple admissions were deleted so that each individual was counted once at the time of his/her first hospitalization with an asbestosis diagnosis. White males had the highest age-adjusted average annual discharge rate of 19.3 cases/100,000 population, followed by black males (12.3 cases/100,000) and white females (1.2 cases/100,000). The discharge rate was positively associated with age in each race/sex category. The relationship between rates for black males and white males depended on age: under 65 years, the rates were almost equal, and at 65 years and older, the white rates were nearly twice the black rates. There were two areas of the state where the rates were highest: the north-central and southwest regions. These two areas represent manufacturing and shipbuilding applications of asbestos, respectively. During the years 1979-1986, the annual percentage increase in asbestosis rates was 20% for white males, 17% for black males, and 8% for white females. Continued surveillance will reveal when the rates for asbestosis stop increasing.     

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目的探讨乳管镜对伴乳头溢液乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法利用纤维乳管镜系统对乳头溢液病人进行检查,观察溢液导管及其分支的管腔和管壁的结构,发现并确定病灶位置,记录病变导管的形态特征,对可疑病例定位切除送病检确诊,对2000～2004年879例病人资料进行回顾性分析。结果发现占位性病变551例,镜下诊断为乳头状瘤398例,乳头状瘤病86例,乳腺导管癌67例。手术392例。经病理证实对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度934%,特异度985%。结论乳管镜可以明确引起乳头溢液疾病的病因、确定病变部位,解决了乳腺导管内疾病不易诊断的难题,可提高早期乳腺癌的发现率。     

东莨菪碱对大鼠体感区皮层神经元单位放电的影响

目的观察东莨菪碱对大鼠体感区皮层自发放电和诱发放电的影响。方法用玻璃微电极在大鼠体感区皮层记录神经元单位放电。结果实验记录了３５个单位放电，其中对触压后肢应答放电的有２２个，前肢９个；触前肢兴奋，后肢抑制的１个；触前肢抑制，后肢兴奋的１个；触毛及皮肤呈汇聚反应的２个。静注东莨菪碱后有２３个呈增频反应，１２个为减频反应。增频单位多分布在Ⅰ～Ⅳ层，减频单位则在Ⅴ～Ⅵ层。结论东莨菪碱对皮层体感区Ａｃｈ兴奋神经元或Ａｃｈ抑制神经元均有阻断作用。     

星状神经节后心下交感神经同步电活动的记录及预处理方法

目的:建立提取心下交感神经电活动的动物实验、记录及预处理方法. 方法:采用猫做为实验动物模型,信号通过生理数据采集系统记录,运用自回归模型谱分析法、有限冲击响应数字滤波器以及基于成组t检验的算法对原始信号进行预处理. 结果:获得具有明显同步特征的心下交感神经电活动信号,提取出4种可用于进一步分析的电活动特征参数. 结论:动物模型及记录系统能够实现心下交感神经电活动的准确记录,预处理方法从原始信号中提取出电活动特征参数.     

微波氚标记法与化合物结构的关系

本文报道了应用微波氚标记了许多不同类型的化合物,这些化合物的放射比度与结构紧密相关,对于在相同条件下研究不同化合物的标记比度提供了一些参考数据。     

Self-reported urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported urogenital symptoms (dryness, irritation or itching, discharge, dysuria) among postmenopausal women aged 50-79. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis based on n=98,705 women enrolled in the US-based Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Urogenital symptoms, symptom severity (mild, moderate, severe), and all covariates were self-reported through questionnaires at enrollment. Prevalence rates of each urogenital symptom were examined and logistic regression was used to identify potential correlates. RESULTS: Prevalence rates for each symptom were: dryness, 27.0%; irritation or itching, 18.6%; discharge, 11.1%; and dysuria, 5.2%. Four factors were correlated with two or more symptoms: Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.1-3.1 versus white women across all symptoms), obesity (AOR=2.2 severe discharge versus none, AOR=3.6 severe irritation/itching versus none), treated diabetes (pills or shots) compared to no diabetes (AOR=2.4 severe dysuria versus none, AOR=3.2 severe irritation/itching versus none), and vaginal cream HRT/ERT compared to those who never used HRT/ERT (AOR=4.4 severe dryness versus none, AOR=4.6 severe irritation/itching versus none). Factors not associated with the symptoms included sexual activity, age, years since menopause, current smoking, marital status, gravidity, and natural versus surgical menopause. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to document urogenital symptoms by race/ethnicity among an exclusively postmenopausal population. We found an elevated prevalence of urogenital symptoms among women who are Hispanic, obese, and/or diabetic. Confirmation of our findings in these subgroups, and, if confirmed, analysis on why these populations are at greater risk, are areas for future research.     

Tonic rhythmic activity of rat cerebellar neurons

Simultaneous recordings of multiple single unit activity in both cerebral and cerebellar cortex, cortical EEG, and both nuchal and vibrissal EMG were obtained in nine unrestrained rats. Putative Purkinje cells of the deep vermal cerebellar cortex exhibited rhythmic discharge of simple spikes with extremely low variability in interspike intervals for several hours. The highly rhythmic nature of spike discharge was remarkably stable across all states of sleep (both slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep) and wake including quiet waking, grooming, eating, running in a familiar environment, and exploring a novel environment. The frequencies at which oscillatory discharges took place varied, among different cells, between 16 and 142 Hz; however, 75% of the recorded cells discharged at frequencies between 20 and 50 Hz. From recordings in which two to four such cells were recorded simultaneously, evidence was found for multiple cells firing at the same frequency as well as for multiple cells firing at different frequencies. The precise timing of spike discharge in these cells makes them potential candidates to participate in timing functions thought to depend on the cerebellum     

Laboratory preparation of plasticware to support cell culture

Summary Many plastics, including polystyrene and poly(ethylene terephthalate), are unsuitable for cell culture applications as formed because they do not support cell growth. Although cells may attach to these materials, the attached cells typically round up and detach or die after a short time. However, plastics can be made to support normal cell attachment and growth through surface modification by glow discharge processes that produce ionized gas species which react with the surface of the plastic. This article describes radiofrequency glow discharge (RFGD) modification of plastics in the presence of organic vapors such as acetone, methanol and ethylene oxide. These treatments render laboratory plastics amenable to in vitro cell culture. Successful modification is a function of RFGD reaction parameters (position within the reactor, discharge power, system pressure, flow rate, and reaction time), and can be confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Identification by high resolution ESCA of functional groups introduced onto the surface by the RFGD process can be used to correlate cell growth with surface chemistry. A brief discussion of other processes thought to be used for preparation of commercial tissue culture ware is also provided.     

儿童及青少年中央颞区放电的临床分析

目的:探讨儿童及青少年中央颞区癎样放电的特征和临床意义。方法:回顾分析近9年在同步录像脑电图(VEEG)或动态脑电图(AEEG)监测中具有中央颞区癎样放电的儿童和青少年的临床表现及与神经影像学异常的关系。结果:具有中央颞区癎样放电的儿童和青少年共452例,占同期接受EEG监测儿童及青少年的9．5％,占EEG各种癫癎样异常的15．4％。监测到中央颞区放电的平均年龄为7．28±3．15岁(1-17岁)。临床诊断包括伴中央颞区棘波的儿童良性癫癎(BECT)179例(39．6％),症状性或隐源性癫癎154例(34．1％),热性惊厥21例(4．7％),从无癫癎发作98例(21．7％)。在354例有癫癎发作者中235例(66％)为部分运动性发作,102例(28．7％)为全身强直阵挛发作;其他发作类型包括不典型失神发作9例(2．5％),肌阵挛发作6例(1．7％),负性肌阵挛发作4例(1.1％),痉挛发作3例(0．8％)。少数患者有一种以上发作形式。在283例有神经影像学记录的患者中,50例(17．7％)异常,其中仅10例异常部位与放电部位基本一致。结论:儿童及青少年中央颞区放电具有以下特点:①明显的年龄依赖性;②病因具有高度异源性,包括特发性、隐源性和症状性病因;③各种病因的中央颞区癎样放电均有一部分不伴有临床发作;④仅根据发作类型和EEG特征难以区分特发性和症状性病因,需要结合全面的临床资料作出诊断;⑤静止性脑结构病变不一定与中央颞区放电有直接关系。