家庭探访对初产妇产褥期生活质量的影响

目的探讨家庭探访对初产妇产褥期生活质量的影响。方法将110例单胎出院进行家庭探访的初产妇设为家访组,将过去未做家庭探访,只做电话随访的110例单胎初产妇设为对照组。比较两组产后4周时生理问题和生活质量。结果产后4周家访组发生产褥期常见生理问题的例数较对照组明显减少（P〈0.05）。家访组生活质量明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论家庭探访对促进初产妇产褥期生理机能恢复和维护心理健康具有明显作用,可有效提高初产妇的生活质量。     

Risk factors of aseptic intracranial venous occlusive disease

Introduction – Risk factors for aseptic intracranial venous occlusive disease are varied but only few epidemiologic studies were performed to verify the relative importance of particular factors. Patients and methods – A 2-year hospital-based prospective study was conducted in two hospitals to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with confirmed aseptic intracranial venous occlusive disease. Results – 21 patients were identified, representing 0.9% of the total neurological admissions. Men were more commonly affected than women; 81% of the patients presented in a clinical picture indistinguishable from idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Risk factors included Behçet's disease in 4, the puerperium in 3, thrombophelia in 3, familial Mediterranean fever in 2, malignancies in 1, lupus anticoagulant in 1, and the contraceptive pill in 1. Conclusion – Aseptic intracranial venous occlusive disease proved to be not rare in Arabs. It should be considered seriously in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, particularly in males. Several risk factors were incriminated.     

Drug utilization in breast-feeding women. A survey in Oslo

Summary In a retrospective questionnaire survey of 885 women who had given birth 3–5 months before, fewer of those who were still breast-feeding at 4 months (n=645) were using drugs than those who had stopped breast-feeding before 4 months (n=240), during the 2 week period preceding registration. The average number of doses (Defined Daily Doses/1000 women/day) was 166 and 307, respectively, in that period. The number of doses taken was significantly associated with the use of oral contraceptive agents (p<0.005) and young maternal age (p<0.05). Most of the variation in drug use between breast-feeding and not breast-feeding mothers was probably due to the greater use of contraception by the latter. The number of drugs used per mother in the 4 month period seemed to be best predicted by her and her infant's disorders. Long-term medication in breast-feeding women included many drugs for which there is incomplete or no data about milk transfer, e.g. salbutamol, clemastine, dexchlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, cromoglycate and levomepromazine. The disorders most extensively treated with drugs in this period were dyspepsia, haemorrhoids and inflammation of the breast. The finding that smoking was associated with early weaning and consumption of alcohol with prolonged breast-feeding calls for further investigation. More information on these drug and health issues to the breast-feeding mother is highly desirable.     

The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium without antithrombotic prophylaxis

Whether or not pregnant women with a previous episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) should receive antithrombotic prophylaxis is a matter of debate. In order to estimate the rate of recurrent deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) during pregnancy and puerperium we retrospectively investigated a cohort of 1104 women with previous VTE; after a single DVT or isolated PE, 88 of them became pregnant at least once without receiving antithrombotic prophylaxis. Overall, 155 pregnancies and 120 puerperium periods without prophylaxis were recorded. There were nine recurrences during pregnancy and 10 during puerperium, with a rate of 5.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-10.6] and 8.3% (95%CI 4.5-14.6) respectively. In pregnancy, the rate of recurrence was 7.5% (95%CI 4.0-13.7) if the first VTE was unprovoked, related to pregnancy or to oral contraceptive use, whereas no recurrence occurred if the first VTE was related to other transient risk factors. In puerperium, the rate of recurrence was 15.5% (95%CI 7.7-28.7) in women with a pregnancy-related first VTE, with a risk 3.9-times higher than in the remaining women. Inherited thrombophilia was not associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of recurrence in pregnancy or in puerperium, yet the rate of recurrence in puerperium was 14.2% (95%CI 5.7-31.4) in overall carriers of factor V Leiden and 30% (95%CI 10.7-60.3) in carriers with a pregnancy-related first VTE, with a risk 6.8 times higher than in women without thrombophilia and with a non pregnancy-related first VTE.     

行为转变理论在农村产妇产褥期生活方式改变中的应用研究

目的探讨行为转变理论对农村产妇产褥期生活方式改变的效果。方法选取198例住院的农村产妇,分为对照组（100例）和干预组（98例）。对照组进行常规健康教育,干预组在常规健康教育基础上接受行为转变理论健康教育。结果干预组产妇产褥期相关知识认知和生活方式的得分明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论应用行为转变理论可以改变农村产妇产褥期生活方式,促进产妇健康。     

产后访视健康教育在产妇产褥期中的应用效果

目的探讨产后访视健康教育在产妇产褥期的临床应用效果。方法选取本社区240例产妇按照双盲随机原则将其分成2组,对照组120例行常规健康指导,观察组120例在对照组基础上加强产后访视健康教育,对比2组产妇对于产褥期健康知识的掌握程度和并发症发生率。结果观察组患者坚持母乳喂养率、产妇产褥期健康知识掌握评分、焦虑自评量表分数和对照组对比差异显著(P0.05)。结论产妇产褥期的访视过程中行健康教育能够显著提升患者对于健康知识的了解情况、以及母乳喂养的认识,降低产后并发症,改善产妇的心理状态。     

产褥期急性肺动脉栓塞的临床表现及诊断

目的 通过分析产褥期急性肺动脉栓塞(PE)的临床特点,提高对该病的诊疗水平.方法 回顾性收集2009年1月至2015年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院诊断的19例产褥期急性PE及12例非PE患者,分析其临床表现及实验室检查结果.结果 与非PE患者相比,急性PE患者主要表现为突发性呼吸困难和呼吸急促,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.09、13.46,均P<0.05),而胸疼和咳血症状组间比较无明显差异(均P>0.05).有11例急性PE患者伴有心动过速,8例PE患者伴有下肢深静脉血栓,与非PE组对比差异均有统计学意义((χ2值分别为5.13、6.81,均P<0.05).另外,在22例血浆D-二聚体水平升高的患者中,有17例为急性PE患者,与非PE组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.16,P<0.05).结论 产褥期急性PE患者临床表现多样化,产妇主要表现为呼吸困难和呼吸急促,如果同时伴有静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)和血浆D-二聚体检查阳性,将有助于对PE更加有效的诊断.     

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome after Administering Etanercept during Puerperium

Our objective is to clarify relationship between reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and administrating etanercept during puerperium. Several lines of evidence have suggested tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a mediator of vascular dysfunction associated with estrogen deficiency. A 32-year-old woman resumed etanercept (25 mg/week), a TNF inhibitor, which had been discontinued during pregnancy, because of the deterioration of rheumatoid arthritis. She was admitted to our hospital with upper right quadrant blindness and mild right hemiparesis accompanied by pulsating left occipital pain, which had appeared 4 hours after restarting etanercept (25 mg/week). Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed acute left hippocampal infarction with multiple segmental stenoses of the main intracranial arteries. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome was diagnosed based on improvement of the multiple stenoses on magnetic resonance angiography on hospital day 17. A causal relationship was considered to exist between TNF inhibition by etanercept and multiple cerebral vasoconstrictions with brain infarct in this puerperant.