痰热清注射液雾化吸入治疗支气管扩张的疗效观察

目的:探讨痰热清注射液雾化吸入治疗支气管扩张的临床疗效。方法:随机选择60例支气管扩张症患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组用西医常规治疗,治疗组予西医常规治疗加痰热清注射液雾化吸入治疗。观察治疗前后痰液降钙素原(PCT)、肺功能、中医证候积分变化。结果 :治疗组与对照组治疗后痰液降钙素原阳性率分别是13.33%、36.67%,与治疗前比较,两组治疗后痰液降钙素原阳性率均明显降低,且治疗组更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,痰热清雾化吸入治疗后肺功能指标FEV1%明显升高,中医证候积分明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :痰热清注射液雾化吸入治疗支气管扩张疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

结缔组织病并全身炎症反应综合征患者血清降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的:了解血清降钙素原(PCT)在结缔组织病并全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者中的检测意义.方法:50例伴SIRS未合并感染的结缔组织病(CTD)患者和40例伴SIRS的细菌感染患者,在临床出现炎症表现24 h内测定血清PCT值.结果:伴SIRS的细菌感染组PCT值高于伴SIRS的未合并感染CTD患者(1.3±0.3)ng/ml vs(0.3±0.1)ng/ml.PCT对诊断细菌感染的敏感性为70%,特异性为96%,阳性预测值为93.3%,阴性预测值为80%.结论:PCT值在患结缔组织病并SIRS时一般不升高,但合并细菌感染时PCT水平可明显增高,对感染性和非感染性全身炎症反应综合征具有一定的鉴别诊断意义.     

多指标联合检测在新生儿感染性肺炎诊断中的临床价值

目的探索降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞(WBC)计数联合检测在新生儿感染性肺炎诊断中的临床价值。方法以确诊的137例新生儿感染性肺炎患儿为研究对象,其中细菌感染组72例、非细菌感染组65例;同期出生的63例健康新生儿纳入对照组。检测各研究组新生儿PCT、CRP及WBC水平。结果细菌感染组PCT、CRP及WBC水平和阳性率均高于非细菌感染组和对照组(P0.05)。PCT对细菌感染所致新生儿感染性肺炎的诊断灵敏度、特异度均高于CRP与WBC;三者联合检测可进一步提高诊断灵敏度。结论 PCT较CRP和WBC具有更高的诊断灵敏度和特异度;PCT、CRP和WBC联合检测对新生儿感染性肺炎的鉴别诊断及疗效评价具有重要的临床价值。     

血清降钙素原在老年下呼吸道感染中的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原对老年下呼吸道感染患者的诊断、病情评估、疗效监测及预后判断的价值。方法将老年下呼吸道感染患者80例（感染组）分为预后良好及预后不良组;另设立正常对照组;于入院后24 h内测感染组及正常对照组血清降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反-应蛋白（hs-CRP）、WBC、中性粒细胞百分比（N）及第8天感染组以上各项指标,动态观察各项炎性指标的变化;并记录感染组入院24 h内及经抗感染治疗后第8天急性简化生理学评分（SAPSⅡ评分）,对病情进行评定。结果感染组患者第1天血清PCT水平高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;PCT指标的灵敏度（85%）和特异度（90%）均较高,PCT的ROC曲线下面积高于hs-CRP、WBC、N;预后不良组第1天及第8天PCT值明显高于预后良好组,预后良好组第1天PCT明显高于第8天（P均〈0.01）;PCT水平与SAPSⅡ评分明显正相关（r=0.404,P〈0.01）。结论血清PCT水平可反映老年下呼吸道感染患者病情严重程度及预后,是其诊断的一个较好指标。     

Role of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia

Please cite this paper as: Ahn et al. (2011) Role of procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), 398–403. Background Mixed bacterial infection is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality during influenza pandemics. We evaluated procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in differentiating pneumonia caused by mixed bacterial and 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from 2009 H1N1 influenza infection alone. Methods Data were collected retrospectively over a 7‐month period during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Patients visiting emergency department and diagnosed as community‐acquired pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 infection were included (n = 60). Results Mixed bacterial and viral infection pneumonia (n = 16) had significantly higher PCT and CRP levels than pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza alone (n = 44, P = 0·019, 0·022 respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for detection of mixed bacterial infection pneumonia was 56% and 84% for PCT > 1·5 ng/ml, and 69% and 63% for CRP > 10 mg/dl. Using PCT and CRP in combination, the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 93%, respectively. Conclusion Procalcitonin and CRP alone and their combination had a moderate ability to detect pneumonia of mixed bacterial infection during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Considering high specificity, combination of low CRP and PCT result may suggest that pneumonia is unlikely to be caused by mixed bacterial infection.     

Discriminative value of inflammatory biomarkers for suspected sepsis

Background

Circulating biomarkers can facilitate sepsis diagnosis, enabling early management and improved outcomes. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been suggested to have superior diagnostic utility compared to other biomarkers.

Study Objectives

To define the discriminative value of PCT, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) for suspected sepsis.

Methods

PCT, CRP, and IL-6 were correlated with infection likelihood, sepsis severity, and septicemia. Multivariable models were constructed for length-of-stay and discharge to a higher level of care.

Results

Of 336 enrolled subjects, 60% had definite infection, 13% possible infection, and 27% no infection. Of those with infection, 202 presented with sepsis, 28 with severe sepsis, and 17 with septic shock. Overall, 21% of subjects were septicemic. PCT, IL6, and CRP levels were higher in septicemia (median PCT 2.3 vs. 0.2 ng/mL; IL-6 178 vs. 72 pg/mL; CRP 106 vs. 62 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Biomarker concentrations increased with likelihood of infection and sepsis severity. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, PCT best predicted septicemia (0.78 vs. IL-6 0.70 and CRP 0.67), but CRP better identified clinical infection (0.75 vs. PCT 0.71 and IL-6 0.69). A PCT cutoff of 0.5 ng/mL had 72.6% sensitivity and 69.5% specificity for bacteremia, as well as 40.7% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity for diagnosing infection. A combined clinical-biomarker model revealed that CRP was marginally associated with length of stay (p = 0.015), but no biomarker independently predicted discharge to a higher level of care.

Conclusions

In adult emergency department patients with suspected sepsis, PCT, IL-6, and CRP highly correlate with several infection parameters, but are inadequately discriminating to be used independently as diagnostic tools.     

血清降钙素原及C反应蛋白在感染性疾病中的应用前景

血清降钙素原（PCT）是降钙素前肽物质,正常情况下由甲状腺C细胞产生。C反应蛋白（CRP）是一种急性时相反应蛋白,在白细胞介素-6作用下由肝细胞分泌产生。有关资料表明,感染时血清PCT及CRP水平升高,并与感染严重程度呈正相关。在临床检测中发现两者在诊断感染性疾病灵敏度上差异不明显,但在特异性上PCT明显高于CRP。两者联合检测在鉴别诊断感染性疾病和非感染性疾病、监测危重症及感染、指导抗生素的合理应用、判断治疗效果及评估预后上有重要的临床应用价值与良好的应用前景。PCT产生机制及其在重症感染时的来源、作用机制尚不清楚,有待于进一步研究。     

降钙素原与乳酸在老年社区获得性肺炎患者预后评估中的应用

目的研究降钙素原(PCT)与乳酸对老年社区获得性肺炎患者的病情和预后的评估作用。方法 118例老年社区获得性肺炎患者,入院后给予PCT、乳酸等检查,并给予肺炎严重指数(PSI)评分。分别比较重症与非重症肺炎、死亡组和存活组PCT、乳酸和PSI的区别;分析PCT、乳酸与PSI的相关性。结果重症肺炎患者乳酸、PCT和PSI评分均大于非重症患者,死亡组乳酸、PCT和PSI评分均大于存活组(P<0.05);乳酸、PCT与PSI评分呈正相关(r=0.63,0.65,P<0.05)。结论 PCT和乳酸对老年社区获得性肺炎患者的预后和病情有评估作用,PCT和乳酸升高提示患者预后差。     

血清降钙素原测定在感染性疾病中的诊断意义

目的 :探讨血清降钙素原 (PCT)检测在感染性疾病中的诊断意义。方法 :对 342例各种感染性疾病患者采用半定量固相免疫测定法测定患者血清PCT水平 ,PCT水平分为 <0 .5ng /ml,0 .5～ <2 .0ng /ml,2 .0～ <10 .0ng /ml和≥ 10ng /ml4个等级。结果 :若以血清PCT≥ 0 .5ng /ml为阳性阈值 ,则血清PCT检测对细菌感染 (含立克次体病 )诊断的敏感性为75 .0 % ,特异性为 70 .2 % ,阳性预测值为 4 5 .0 % ,阴性预测值为 89.6 % ,阳性似然比为 2 .5 1,阴性似然比为 0 .35。结论 :血清PCT是细菌感染的重要指标 ,其诊断价值明显优于外周血白细胞计数和分类 ;血清PCT水平高低可作为是否使用抗菌药物的参考依据。