多指标联合检测在新生儿感染性肺炎诊断中的临床价值

目的探索降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞(WBC)计数联合检测在新生儿感染性肺炎诊断中的临床价值。方法以确诊的137例新生儿感染性肺炎患儿为研究对象,其中细菌感染组72例、非细菌感染组65例;同期出生的63例健康新生儿纳入对照组。检测各研究组新生儿PCT、CRP及WBC水平。结果细菌感染组PCT、CRP及WBC水平和阳性率均高于非细菌感染组和对照组(P0.05)。PCT对细菌感染所致新生儿感染性肺炎的诊断灵敏度、特异度均高于CRP与WBC;三者联合检测可进一步提高诊断灵敏度。结论 PCT较CRP和WBC具有更高的诊断灵敏度和特异度;PCT、CRP和WBC联合检测对新生儿感染性肺炎的鉴别诊断及疗效评价具有重要的临床价值。     

连续性血液净化治疗对急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者降钙素原水平的影响

目的：观察连续性血液净化（CBP）在治疗合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的严重肺部感染时降钙素原（PCT）的变化规律,探讨PCT与ARDS病情严重度的关系。方法：对16例合并ARDS的严重肺部感染病人,在机械通气等常规治疗的同时行CBP,于0,4,12,24,48h及停止CBP后12h分别检测患者血清PCT和动脉血气分析,并采用APACHEⅡ评分对患者整体病情进行评价。结果：16例患者中12例成活。血清PCT浓度在CBP治疗过程中各时点均低于CBP前,其中24h降至最低。结论：PCT对CBP过程中ARDS严重性及疗效的评估具临床价值。     

血清降钙素原测定在指导抗菌药物应用中的价值

目的：探讨血清降钙素原（procalcitonin PCT）测定在防止细菌耐药的出现,减少抗菌药物的过度使用中的临床价值。方法筛选无甲状腺功能障碍的疑似细菌性感染患者400例,在患者知情同意且病情允许的情况下,得到常规治疗组200例和 PCT 指导组200例,然后对两组患者的抗菌药物使用时间、住院天数、住院费用进行回顾分析。同时对指导组作 PCT 的动态监测。结果 PCT 指导组抗菌药物平均使用时间短于常规治疗组;平均住院天数差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．001）;抗菌药物费用分别占住院药品费用的26．4％、32．0％,也具有差异统计学意义（P ＜0．001）。肺部感染评分,由于微生物学指标的缺乏,无法进行比较。在动态监测中,当 PCT＜0．10 ng/mL 时,停用抗菌药物,PCT≥0．25 ng/mL 时,恢复使用抗菌药物,连续3 d PCT≥0．25 ng/mL 或 PCT≥0．50 ng/mL 时,调整抗菌药物及抗菌药物剂量或给药方式,都达到了明显的治疗效果。PCT 水平可作疾病的预后判断。结论血清 PCT 的单次测定可作诊断及评估感染程度,连续测定可指导抗菌药物应用及对病情作预后判断。     

Role of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia

Please cite this paper as: Ahn et al. (2011) Role of procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), 398–403. Background Mixed bacterial infection is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality during influenza pandemics. We evaluated procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in differentiating pneumonia caused by mixed bacterial and 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from 2009 H1N1 influenza infection alone. Methods Data were collected retrospectively over a 7‐month period during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Patients visiting emergency department and diagnosed as community‐acquired pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 infection were included (n = 60). Results Mixed bacterial and viral infection pneumonia (n = 16) had significantly higher PCT and CRP levels than pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza alone (n = 44, P = 0·019, 0·022 respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for detection of mixed bacterial infection pneumonia was 56% and 84% for PCT > 1·5 ng/ml, and 69% and 63% for CRP > 10 mg/dl. Using PCT and CRP in combination, the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 93%, respectively. Conclusion Procalcitonin and CRP alone and their combination had a moderate ability to detect pneumonia of mixed bacterial infection during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Considering high specificity, combination of low CRP and PCT result may suggest that pneumonia is unlikely to be caused by mixed bacterial infection.     

血清降钙素原在老年下呼吸道感染中的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原对老年下呼吸道感染患者的诊断、病情评估、疗效监测及预后判断的价值。方法将老年下呼吸道感染患者80例（感染组）分为预后良好及预后不良组;另设立正常对照组;于入院后24 h内测感染组及正常对照组血清降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反-应蛋白（hs-CRP）、WBC、中性粒细胞百分比（N）及第8天感染组以上各项指标,动态观察各项炎性指标的变化;并记录感染组入院24 h内及经抗感染治疗后第8天急性简化生理学评分（SAPSⅡ评分）,对病情进行评定。结果感染组患者第1天血清PCT水平高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;PCT指标的灵敏度（85%）和特异度（90%）均较高,PCT的ROC曲线下面积高于hs-CRP、WBC、N;预后不良组第1天及第8天PCT值明显高于预后良好组,预后良好组第1天PCT明显高于第8天（P均〈0.01）;PCT水平与SAPSⅡ评分明显正相关（r=0.404,P〈0.01）。结论血清PCT水平可反映老年下呼吸道感染患者病情严重程度及预后,是其诊断的一个较好指标。     

血清降钙素原与多器官功能障碍综合征严重程度相关性的临床研究

目的 研究血清降钙素原(PCT)水平与多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)严重程度的相关性。 方法 对61例MODS患者(其中感染组40例,非感染组21例)采用微量双夹心免疫发光法测定血清PCT 水平,并记录其急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分和Marshall评分,采用线性回归分析方法分 析血清PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果 MODS患者血清PCT水平呈不同程度升高;感染组血 清PCT[13．01(2．73,64．79)μg／L]、APACHEⅡ评分[(17．50±5．35)分]与Marshall评分[(6．38±2．46)分] 明显高于非感染组(1．50(0,2．98)μg／L、(14．67±3．01)分和(4．62±2．01)分,P<0．05或P<0．0013;感染组 与非感染组血清PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分不相关(r=0．175,P=0．281;r=0．071,P=0．759),全部 MIDDS患者血清PCT水平与APACHEⅡ评分也无明显相关性(r=0．229,P=0．076);全部MODS患者血清 PCT水平与Marshall评分显著相关(r=0．514,P<0．001),但感染组的r值更高(r=0．535,P<0.001),非感 染组血清PCT水平与Marshall评分不相关(r=0．003,P=0．991)。结论 检测血清PCT对判断感染导致的 MODS患者病情严重程度具有重要的临床价值。     

儿童肺炎支原体肺炎免疫功能、降钙素原及C-反应蛋白变化及意义

目的 检测肺炎支原体肺炎（mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP）患儿免疫球蛋白、CD4＋T、CD8＋T、血清降钙素原（PCT）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）的水平,探讨其改变及临床意义.方法 收集2012年11月至2013年10月诊断为MPP的患儿126例,分为大叶性肺炎组（42例）及支气管肺炎组（84例）,以同时期儿科门诊体检的健康儿童28例为正常对照组,分别测定免疫球蛋白、PCT和CRP.结果 （1）MPP患儿IgG、IgM、IgE异常率高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,IgA异常率无明显差异（P＞0.05）;大叶性肺炎组IgG异常率高于支气管肺炎组（P＜0.05）,IgM、IgE及IgA异常率无明显差异.（2） MPP患儿CD4＋T、CD4＋ T/CD8＋T比值较正常对照组明显降低（P＜0.05）.（3）MPP患儿血清PCT及CRP水平较正常对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）.结论 MPP患儿体液免疫与细胞免疫功能紊乱在MPP发病过程中起重要作用,且病情越重,免疫功能紊乱越明显,PCT、CRP对MPP病情评估有临床指导意义.     

Effect of inflammatory attacks in the classical type hyper-IgD syndrome on immunoglobulin D, cholesterol and parameters of the acute phase response

BACKGROUND: Classical type hyper-immunoglobulin D (IgD) syndrome (HIDS) is an hereditary auto-inflammatory disorder, characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, lymphadenopathy, abdominal distress and a high serum concentration of IgD. It is caused by mevalonate kinase deficiency. OBJECTIVE: To further characterize the acute phase response during fever attacks in HIDS in order to improve diagnosis. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two mevalonate kinase-deficient HIDS patients. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn during and in between febrile attacks, and concentrations ofC-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin, pentraxin 3, IgD and cholesterol in several lipoprotein fractions were determined. RESULTS: The marked acute phase response at the time of a fever attack in classical type HIDS is reflected by a rise in CRP accompanied by a moderate but statistically significant rise in procalcitonin and pentraxin 3. In only two of 22 patients, procalcitonin concentration rose above 2 ng mL(-1) during fever attack, compatible with the noninfectious nature of these attacks. Ferritin does not reach the high concentrations found in adult-onset Still's disease. Despite the defect in mevalonate kinase, a component of cholesterol metabolism, serum cholesterol did not change during attacks. IgD concentration is elevated regardless of disease activity, although there is appreciable variation during life. Its role in HIDS remains unclear. CONCLUSION: The combination of high CRP concentration plus procalcitonin concentration <2 ng mL(-1) in a symptomatic HIDS patient might indicate a febrile attack without (bacterial) infection; this observation warrants further investigation for its usefulness as a marker in clinical practice.