血清降钙素原对间质性肺病合并感染诊断价值分析

目的:探讨降钙素原在结缔组织病所致间质性肺病合并肺部感染早期预测作用及临床价值。方法:选取2011年1月至2014年5月我院确诊结缔组织病所致间质性肺病伴发热患者120例,其中痰培养阳性、痰培养阴性但胸部CT有典型影像学改变且对规范抗生素治疗有效归为细菌感染组(n=80),其余患者归为非细菌感染组(n=40),两组都进行了C-反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)的检测,同时进行了常规白细胞(WBC)水平和中性粒细胞百分率(N)的检测。结果:细菌感染组的血清CRP与PCT值明显高与非细菌感染组,而两组的WBC与N含量水平对比差异无统计学意义。CRP与PCT水平与结缔组织病所致间质性肺病患者细菌感染的发生具有正向相关性。CRP与PCT诊断结缔组织病所致间质性肺病发生细菌感染的ROC曲线下面积明显高于WBC与N,对比差异都有统计学意义。结论:血清降钙素原对间质性肺病合并感染有一定的诊断价值,能早期、特异、敏感地鉴别细菌感染与非细菌感染,值得推广应用。     

白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白和降钙素原等感染指标在链球菌感染暴发中的早期诊断价值

目的 明确白细胞介素6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、C反应蛋白、降钙素原等在链球菌暴发感染早期诊断中的价值.方法 收集2010年10月某单位员工集体宿舍暴发链球菌感染所有患者就诊时及治疗后两次IL-6、血白细胞计数、血中性粒细胞百分数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原等数值,比较患者就诊时和治疗2d后的IL-6、血白细胞计数、血中性粒细胞百分数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原变化,分析炎性因子变化的意义及原因.结果 白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、IL-6水平就诊时升高明显,治疗2d后白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、IL-6均明显低于就诊时,分别为（6.5±1.9）×10^9 vs （11.6±3.2）×10^9、（61％±8％）vs（79％±10％）、25.1（16.9,39.2） ng/Lvs1.5（1.5,1.5） ng/L,P=0.000;C反应蛋白水平高于就诊时[0.7（0.3,1.6） mg/Lvs2.7（0.9,4.7） mg/L,P=0.000];降钙素原阳性率治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P=0.317）.结论 IL-6在细菌感染早期反应迅速,与白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比升高趋势一致,C反应蛋白升高相对滞后,降钙素原在急性局部细菌感染时无明显升高;IL-6、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比为此次溶血性链球菌感染的早期诊断提供了依据.     

老年重症肺炎患者血清降钙素原检测的临床价值

目的：探讨老年重症肺炎患者血清降钙素原检测的临床价值。方法：收集40例重症肺部感染患者（重症组）、40例非重症肺部感染患者（非重症组）、40例体检健康者（健康组）,分别测定各组血清降钙素原、超敏 C 反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温,并进行比较分析。结果：重症组的血清降钙素原浓度（5.69±7.38）ng/ mL 与非重症组（0.76±0.65）ng/ mL 及健康组（0.13±0.12）ng/ mL 比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而重症组的超敏 C 反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温与非重症组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：血清降钙素原与老年肺部感染的严重程度密切相关,血清降钙素原可作为判断病情的指标。血清降钙素原可较好地预测老年重症肺炎患者的预后。     

PCT、CRP 及 WBC 测定在儿童感染性疾病诊疗中的应用

目的：研究血清降钙素原（ procalcitonin,PCT）、C 反应蛋白（ C-reactive protein,CRP）水平及白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）计数在儿童感染性疾病诊疗中的应用价值。方法：选择2012∽2013年间在阳泉市第三人民医院儿科就诊的157例感染性疾病患儿,按临床诊断分为细菌感染组和非细菌感染组,同时选取79例健康儿童作为对照组,分别进行血清 PCT、CRP 水平测定和全血 WBC 计数。结果：细菌感染组的 PCT、CRP 和 WBC 水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）;非细菌感染组的 WBC、CRP 水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）,而 PCT 差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;细菌感染组和非细菌感染组 PCT 差异有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）,而 CRP、WBC 差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：PCT 可以快速客观地判别儿童感染的类型以及感染严重程度,对临床合理使用抗生素以及疗效观察具有重要的指导意义。     

血清降钙素原及C反应蛋白在感染性疾病中的应用前景

血清降钙素原（PCT）是降钙素前肽物质,正常情况下由甲状腺C细胞产生。C反应蛋白（CRP）是一种急性时相反应蛋白,在白细胞介素-6作用下由肝细胞分泌产生。有关资料表明,感染时血清PCT及CRP水平升高,并与感染严重程度呈正相关。在临床检测中发现两者在诊断感染性疾病灵敏度上差异不明显,但在特异性上PCT明显高于CRP。两者联合检测在鉴别诊断感染性疾病和非感染性疾病、监测危重症及感染、指导抗生素的合理应用、判断治疗效果及评估预后上有重要的临床应用价值与良好的应用前景。PCT产生机制及其在重症感染时的来源、作用机制尚不清楚,有待于进一步研究。     

降钙素原在小儿发热性疾病病因鉴别诊断中的作用

目的探讨降钙素原在小儿发热性疾病病因鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾分析了67例发热性疾病患儿的临床资料,对3组患儿血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)与C反应蛋白(CRP)以及血常规中性粒细胞计数等传统炎性指标进行了比较分析。结果细菌性感染组的PCT阳性率及PCT≥2ng/ml例数比例均明显高于其他感染组和非感染组(P<0.01),而在其他感染组和非感染组之间进行比较,该两项指标差异均无显著意义(P>0.05)。传统炎症指标均显示细菌性感染组显著高于其他感染组(P<0.01),但细菌性感染组与非感染组的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论单独依靠PCT或传统炎症指标来判断小儿发热性疾病的病因,都有一定的局限性,但结合两类检验指标,能够满意地鉴别细菌性感染、非细菌性感染以及非感染性因素引起的发热。     

Procalcitonin and infection in elderly patients

OBJECTIVES: To compare the usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) in detecting infection in elderly patients with that of other clinical and biological markers. DESIGN: Prospective observational study to compare PCT levels in infected and uninfected patients. SETTING: Geriatric teaching hospital in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred eighteen elderly patients aged 75 and older admitted to an acute geriatric care unit. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, Charlson index, general signs (respiratory rate, temperature, pulse rate, confusion, falls, shivering), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, functional score (Functional Independence Measurement (FIM)) biological parameters (PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, albumin), and definite diagnosis at admission were collected prospectively for each patient. RESULTS: Long-term corticotherapy, chronic immune diseases, fever of 38 degrees C or higher, white blood cell count, pulse rate, FIM, SIRS, sepsis, CRP of 3 mg/mL or higher, and PCT of 0.5 ng/mL or higher were associated with an infection at admission. In multivariate analysis, only sepsis and CRP of 3 mg/mL or higher were still associated with an infection; PCT levels do not show any significant association in the multivariate analysis. In addition, when PCT had good specificity (94%), it had low sensitivity (24%). False-negative PCT was related to lower severity of infection (lower inflammatory reaction and lower acute renal failure) than true-positive PCT. This finding may also be related to aging per se. CONCLUSION: PCT may be useful to identify severely ill elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric ward but not to discriminate patients with infection from those without.     

小儿肺炎血清降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原检测在小儿肺炎患儿中的临床意义,为临床抗生素的合理使用提供依据。方法 60例肺炎患儿,其中细菌性肺炎32例,病毒性肺炎28例,采用化学发光免疫法测定患儿血清降钙素原含量。结果细菌性肺炎组患儿血清降钙素原含量为(2.69±0.63)μg/L,而病毒性肺炎组患儿血清降钙素原含量为(0.36±0.12)μg/L,细菌性肺炎组患儿血清降钙素原水平明显高于病毒性肺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 血清降钙素原测定有助于小儿肺炎诊断及鉴别诊断,可作为临床抗生素的使用依据。     

Clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia: primary influenza pneumonia versus concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia

Please cite this paper as: Song et al. (2011). Clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia: primary influenza pneumonia versus concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), e535–e543. Background Although influenza virus usually involves the upper respiratory tract, pneumonia was seen more frequently with the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 than with seasonal influenza. Methods From September 1, 2009, to January 31, 2010, a specialized clinic for patients (aged ≥15 years) with ILI was operated in Korea University Guro Hospital. RT‐PCR assay was performed to diagnose 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1. A retrospective case–case–control study was performed to determine the predictive factors for influenza pneumonia and to discriminate concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia from primary influenza pneumonia during the 2009–2010 pandemic. Results During the study period, the proportions of fatal cases and pneumonia development were 0·12% and 1·59%, respectively. Patients with pneumonic influenza were less likely to have nasal symptoms and extra‐pulmonary symptoms (myalgia, headache, and diarrhea) compared to patients with non‐pneumonic influenza. Crackle was audible in just about half of the patients with pneumonic influenza (38·5% of patients with primary influenza pneumonia and 53·3% of patients with concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia). Procalcitonin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly increased in patients with influenza pneumonia. Furthermore, procalcitonin (cutoff value 0·35 ng/ml, sensitivity 81·8%, and specificity 66·7%) and CRP (cutoff value 86·5 mg/IU, sensitivity 81·8%, and specificity 59·3%) were discriminative between patients with concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia and patients with primary influenza pneumonia. Conclusions Considering the subtle manifestations of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia in the early stage, high clinical suspicion is required to detect this condition. Both procalcitonin and CRP would be helpful to differentiate primary influenza pneumonia from concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia.     

Role of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia

Please cite this paper as: Ahn et al. (2011) Role of procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein in differentiation of mixed bacterial infection from 2009 H1N1 viral pneumonia. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(6), 398–403. Background Mixed bacterial infection is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality during influenza pandemics. We evaluated procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in differentiating pneumonia caused by mixed bacterial and 2009 H1N1 influenza infection from 2009 H1N1 influenza infection alone. Methods Data were collected retrospectively over a 7‐month period during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Patients visiting emergency department and diagnosed as community‐acquired pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 infection were included (n = 60). Results Mixed bacterial and viral infection pneumonia (n = 16) had significantly higher PCT and CRP levels than pneumonia caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza alone (n = 44, P = 0·019, 0·022 respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for detection of mixed bacterial infection pneumonia was 56% and 84% for PCT > 1·5 ng/ml, and 69% and 63% for CRP > 10 mg/dl. Using PCT and CRP in combination, the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 93%, respectively. Conclusion Procalcitonin and CRP alone and their combination had a moderate ability to detect pneumonia of mixed bacterial infection during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Considering high specificity, combination of low CRP and PCT result may suggest that pneumonia is unlikely to be caused by mixed bacterial infection.