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991.
目的 探讨MRI对儿童不同年龄阶段发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)髋臼发育情况的分析及应用价值.方法 对我院2010年1月至2015年1月诊治的单侧DDH患儿共76例进行回顾性分析,患侧为病例组,健侧为对照组;根据年龄分为三组:婴儿组(<1岁)14例、幼儿组(1~3岁)38例及儿童组(4~13岁)24例.比较各组间髋臼深度、骨性髋臼指数(BAI)、软骨性髋臼指数(CAI)的差异,并进行线性相关分析;同时分别测量病例组与对照组的髋臼软骨在前上、顶上、后上三个方向的分布情况.结果 病例组与对照组髋臼深度为(5.54±2.32) mm和(9.32±2.91) mm、BAI为(33.65±5.08)°和(23.12±5.28)°,CAI为(20.86±6.38)°和(12.81±4.71)°,两组差异有统计学意义(t=12.86、14.82、9.56,P均<0.05),BAI、CAI呈线性正相关(r=0.88、0.74,P<0.05);病例组中婴儿组、幼儿组及儿童组髋臼深度分别为(4.31±0.42)mm、(4.69±1.74)mm及(7.31±2.74)mm,差异有统计学意义(F=11.88,P<0.05),BAI分别为(29.16±5.03)°、(34.95±4.50)°及(33.12±5.69)°,CAI分别为(16.80±5.21)°、(21.53±6.49)°及(20.91±6.40).,BAI、CAI在幼儿组及儿童组呈线性正相关(r=0.70、0.66,P<0.05).幼儿组及儿童组中病例组与对照组的髋臼软骨分布在前上、顶上、后上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MRI可运用于不同年龄阶段儿童DDH的髋臼深度、BAI、CAI、多方向髋臼软骨的测量,为临床评估髋臼发育情况提供更多的影像学参考依据.  相似文献   
992.
Patients with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) are predisposed to malignancy and autoimmunity in addition to infections. We report a male child with WAS, who had presented with recurrent pneumonia, eczema, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and vasculitic skin lesions. Genetic analysis revealed a classical genotype WAS 155C>T; R41X. At 2 years of follow‐up, he developed persistent headache and progressive hepatomegaly. Brain imaging showed a mass in the right frontal region, which on histopathology was shown to be high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed features of sclerosing cholangitis. This report extends the clinical spectrum and highlights unusual manifestations of sclerosing cholangitis and intracranial lymphoma in a patient with WAS.  相似文献   
993.
情景模拟在低年资护士入院宣教培训中的运用   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
郭江玲  赵水花 《护理学报》2008,15(11):21-23
目的将情景模拟法运用于低年资护士入院宣教培训,提高病人的满意度和低年资护士的综合素质。方法编写情景剧本,对低年资护士进行入院宣教培训,注重礼仪、心理、语言、交际、专业知识的学习。培训前后分别调查住院病人对低年资护士的评价,考核低年资护士的入院宣教工作以及组织受训人员自评。采集以上数据输入SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计学分析,病人对低年资护士入院宣教工作的评价对比采用x^2检验,入院宣教考核成绩对比采用配对t检验。结果培训后病人对低年资护士的满意度、信任度以及低年资护士入院宣教考核成绩均优于培训前(P〈0.001),并且满足了受训人员自我价值的实现。结论将情景模拟教学运用于临床低年资护士入院宣教的培训是有效可行的。  相似文献   
994.
目的观察老年专科护士主导多专科协作的结构化膀胱管理,预防高龄老年髋部骨折患者术后尿潴留的效果。方法选取2014年1月1日—2019年12月31日广州某三级甲等医院骨科病房473例老年髋部骨折术后患者(其中年龄>80岁的高龄老年患者299例)为研究对象,对照组(206例)采用传统术后膀胱护理的方法,按医嘱拔除尿管,排尿困难则予重置尿管;干预组(267例)采用多专科协作团队建立结构化膀胱管理(包括风险评估、问题处理流程)预防老年髋骨骨折患者术后尿潴留。结果干预组术后尿潴留发生率显著低于对照组(P=0.002);2组患者中,高龄老年患者(>80岁)的尿潴留发生率(17.4%)显著高于低龄老年患者(65~80岁)的30.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论由老年专科护士主导护理多专科协作的结构化膀胱管理,对预防高龄老年患者髋部骨折术后尿潴留的发生能发挥较好的作用。  相似文献   
995.
刘雪琴  张丽萍 《四川医学》2010,31(12):1771-1773
目的探讨原发性羊水过少与妊娠并发症的关系及对妊娠结局的影响。方法收集我院2008年2月~2010年2月住院治疗的原发性羊水过少孕妇106例,随机抽取同期我院分娩的羊水量正常孕妇120例作为对照组,两组孕妇就妊娠并发症、围生儿及母体情况进行比较。结果原发性羊水过少组中延期过期妊娠、妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症(ICP)、胎儿宫内发育受限(FGR)、妊娠高血压疾病(PIH)及胎儿畸形发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01,P〈0.05),羊水过少组中同时合并两种、三种妊娠并发症的发生率均较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.01),胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息及羊水粪染的发生率也明显升高(P〈0.05,P〈0.01)。伴有妊娠并发症的羊水过少孕妇,其胎儿宫内窘迫及羊水Ⅱ、Ⅲ度粪染率远较无妊娠并发症孕妇高(P〈0.01)。剖宫产及产后出血发生率较对照组高(P〈0.05)。结论原发性羊水过少与妊娠并发症密切相关,可作为许多妊娠并发症的危险信号。原发性羊水过少严重威胁围生儿生命,造成不良妊娠结局;如果同时合并妊娠并发症则风险更大。做好产前严密的检测,积极治疗妊娠并发症,适时地选择合适的分娩方式是提高出生质量的重要方法。  相似文献   
996.
目的:总结温哥华B型股骨假体周围骨折治疗的经验和体会。方法:自2004年2月~2009年8月收治人工髋关节置换术温哥华B型股骨假体周围骨折病人12例,均行手术治疗,包括:单纯钢丝环扎固定2例,普通接骨板固定1例,锁定加压接骨板固定4例,钢板结合钛缆固定1例,形状记忆合金环抱器内固定1例,生物型加长柄股骨假体置换2例,骨水泥型加长柄假体置换1例,术中植骨4例,术后结合石膏外固定1例。结果:术后随访4个月~18个月,平均15个月。11例病人骨折获得骨性愈合,1例股骨假体翻修术中出现骨水泥外溢,随访未出现假体松动临床症状。Harris评分单纯行骨折固定未行股骨假体翻修的病人Harris评分无明显影响,同时行翻修的病人Harris评分明显升高。结论:髋关节置换术中、术后股骨假体周围骨折以VancouverB型骨折多见,术前应根据此型骨折特点全面计划、准备,选择适合的内固定,术中仔细操作,可获满意疗效。  相似文献   
997.
综合性振动疗法预防老年髋部骨折患者坠积性肺炎的效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨物理振动疗法对老年髋部骨折患者坠积性肺炎的预防作用。方法采用随机计数器将61例长期卧床老年患者分为干预组(30例)和对照组(31例)。对照组患者行常规护理,干预组患者在常规护理基础上采用翻身拍背胸壁振动、呼吸功能训练等综合性振动护理方法。结果干预组坠积性肺炎发生率为4%,对照组发生率为18%,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论预防性振动疗法可明显降低老年髋部骨折患者坠积性肺炎的发生率。  相似文献   
998.

Background

There is a lack of understanding on relationship between the femoral geometry and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated clinical and radiographic outcomes of THA using a cementless tapered wedge stem in patients with Dorr type A proximal femoral morphology and compared with those of type B femurs at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Methods

We analyzed 1089 hips (876 patients) that underwent THA using an identical cementless tapered wedge stem. We divided all femurs into 3 types (Dorr type A, B, and C). Type A and B femurs were statistically matched with age, gender, body mass index, and diagnosis by using propensity score matching. Clinical, radiographic results, and stem survivorship were compared between the matched 2 groups.

Results

A total of 611 femurs (56%) were classified as type A, 427 (39%) as type B, and 51 (5%) as type C. More radiolucent lines around femoral stems were found in type A femurs (7.8%) than in type B femurs (2.5%) (P < .001). Patients with radiolucency showed worse Harris Hip Score (86.2 points) compared with those without radiolucency (93.0 points) (P < .001). The stem survivorship of type A femur (97.8%) was lower than that of type B femur (99.5%) (P = .041). The reasons for femoral revision in type A femurs were periprosthetic fracture (67%), aseptic loosening (22%), and deep infection (11%).

Conclusions

This study showed a higher rate of complications after THAs using a cementless tapered wedge stem in Dorr type A femurs than those performed in type B femurs.  相似文献   
999.

Background

Local periarticular infiltration (PAI) analgesia has emerged as an important component of multimodal approaches to treat total knee arthroplasty postoperative pain. Liposomal bupivacaine may provide prolonged analgesic duration when injected into the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy and serum bupivacaine levels of a continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) with bupivacaine to PAI with liposomal bupivacaine.

Methods

Sixty-five patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomized into 2 groups: (1) CFNB and PAI with bupivacaine (CFNB group) or (2) PAI with bupivacaine:liposomal bupivacaine mixture at the end of surgery (LB group). The primary outcome was pain intensity at maximum knee flexion 24 hours following surgery. Secondary outcomes included pain intensities at rest and movement at timed intervals and serum bupivacaine levels.

Results

Patients in the CFNB group experienced lower pain scores at maximum knee flexion at 24 hours (7.91; 95% confidence interval, 7.19-8.61) compared to the LB group (8.95; 95% confidence interval, 8.42-9.48; P = .02). The mean peak serum bupivacaine level in the LB group up to 72 hours was 0.55 μg/mL versus 1.4 μg/mL for CFNB group (P = .0008) with one patient in the CFNB group exceeding the reported minimum serum bupivacaine threshold for toxicity.

Conclusion

While similar pain control was observed on the day of surgery for both groups, patients with a CFNB experienced lower pain intensities during maximum knee flexion at 24 hours. Total serum concentrations in LB group remained below the toxicity threshold over the study period.  相似文献   
1000.

Background

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) is rare genetic condition which leads to skeletal and joint deformities that can predispose patients to degenerative joint disease. There are limited reports on the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. The purpose of this study is to review clinical and radiographic outcomes of THA performed in patients with SED at one institution.

Methods

Among 43,917 patients undergoing primary THA from 1970 to 2015, we identified 50 THAs performed in 29 patients with SED; 21 patients underwent bilateral THA (none simultaneous). There were 16 females and 13 males; mean age, body mass index, and height were 39 years, 28.7 kg/m2, and 145 cm, respectively. All patients were able to ambulate prior to the THA. Mean follow-up was 11 years (range 2-38).

Results

Mean implant survival for primary THA in SED patients at the 5, 10, and 20-year time points was 96%, 85%, and 55%, respectively. Thirteen patients required revision THA, most commonly for polyethylene wear (n = 6) and aseptic loosening (n = 5), and 4 additional patients underwent nonrevision reoperations. Prior to surgery, 90% of patients had severe or moderate pain, which was reduced to 8% of patients postoperatively (P < .001). Mean Harris Hip Score improved from 47 to 87 (P < .001). Prior to surgery, 64% of patients required gait aids, which reduced to 34% postoperatively (P < .001).

Conclusion

THA provided significant pain reduction and improvement in function, with a majority of patients ambulating independently following the procedure. There was a high incidence of complications following THA in patients with SED, most commonly secondary to polyethylene wear and osteolysis from conventional polyethylene and historical implants.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, Therapy.  相似文献   
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