The transactional relationship between parenting and emotion regulation in children with or without developmental delays

Researchers have identified numerous internal and external factors that contribute to individual differences in emotion regulation (ER) abilities. To extend these findings, we examined the longitudinal effects of a significant external predictor (parenting) on children's ER abilities in the context of an internal predictor (intellectual functioning). We used cross-lagged panel modeling to investigate the transactional relationship between parenting and ER in children with or without developmental delays (DD) across three time points in early and middle childhood (age 3, 5, and 8). Participants were 225 families in the Collaborative Family Study, a longitudinal study of young children with or without DD. Child ER ability and maternal scaffolding skills were coded from mother–child interactions at ages 3, 5, and 8. Compared to children with typical development (TD), children with DD were significantly more dysregulated at all time points, and their mothers exhibited fewer scaffolding behaviors in early childhood. In addition, cross-lagged panel models revealed a significant bidirectional relationship between maternal scaffolding and ER from ages 3 to 5 in the DD group but not the TD group. These findings suggest that scaffolding may be a crucial parenting skill to target in the early treatment of children with ER difficulties.     

广东省居民脑卒中院前延迟行为意向现状及影响因素研究

背景 卒中严重影响患者的生命质量，给社会、患者家庭及个人带来沉重负担。尽管国家大力推进卒中防治工作，然而我国卒中院前延迟现状仍不容乐观。脑卒中院前延迟行为意向一定程度上能预测患者卒中院前延迟的可能性，但对其影响因素的研究却少见报道。 目的 调查居民脑卒中院前延迟行为意向现状并探讨其影响因素。 方法 2021年7—9月，采用方便抽样法，选取在广州中医药大学护理学院的"三下乡"服务点接受义诊服务的居民700例进行调查。采用一般资料调查问卷、中国版10项目大五人格量表、领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和脑卒中院前延迟行为意向量表调查广东省居民的基本特征、人格特质、社会支持、应对方式和脑卒中院前延迟行为意向状况。采用多元线性回归分析脑卒中院前延迟行为意向的影响因素。 结果 共回收有效问卷645份（92.1%）。645例调查对象中，312例（48.4%）对卒中一无所知，262例（40.6%）听说过"中风120"口诀。广东省社区居民卒中院前延迟行为意向得分为（71.3±18.7）分，其症状警觉维度得分高于常模，不就医行为合理化维度、症状归因维度、习惯反应样式维度、急救系统使用维度的得分及脑卒中院前延迟行为意向总分低于常模，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。多元线性回归结果显示年龄、与伴侣同住、"中风120"口诀知晓情况、开放性人格得分、情绪稳定性人格得分、社会支持得分和消极应对得分是脑卒中院前延迟行为意向的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 广东省居民卒中院前延迟行为意向较差，对卒中症状认知不足，社区应加强"中风120"的宣教力度，针对居民个体差异开展个性化、多元化卒中教育模式，以有效提高居民卒中院前延迟行为意向水平，降低卒中诊治延迟发生率。     

Does the organizational structure of health care systems influence care-seeking decisions? A qualitative analysis of Danish cancer patients' reflections on care-seeking

Abstract

Objective. The absence of a more significant improvement in cancer survival in countries such as the UK and Denmark may be partly rooted in delayed care-seeking among cancer patients. Past research on patient delay has mainly focused on patient characteristics (e.g. sociodemographic and psychological factors and symptom recognition) as causes of delayed care-seeking, while few studies have examined how the organizational structure of health care systems may influence patients’ reflections on seeking care. The aim of this study was to explore this relationship. Design. The analysis presented is based on semi-structured interviews with 30 cancer patients and their families. Results. The article raises two hypotheses on the relationship between structural elements of a health care system and people's reflections on seeking health care: (1) Gatekeeping introduces an asymmetrical relationship between the patient and the GP which potentially results in self-restricting care-seeking, (2) Continuity in the doctor–patient relationship may negatively influence patient reflections on access to health care, as the focus shifts from the medical issues of the consultation to reflections on how to properly interact with the GP and the system in which she/he is situated. Conclusion. It is concluded that these hypotheses form a sound basis for further primary care research on how the organizational structure of health care systems influences patient reflections on access to medical care.     

The Beneficial Effects of Massage on Motor Development and Sensory Processing in Young Children with Developmental Delay: A Randomized Control Trial Study

ABSTRACT

Purpose: We investigated the effects of massage on young children with developmental delay but no clear diagnosis (e.g., cerebral palsy, genetic diseases, or autism).

Methods: Thirty-six children with DD, at 1–3 years of age, were randomly assigned to the massage (n = 18) or control group (n = 18) after being stratified by age and motor developmental quotient. The two groups continued to receive routine rehabilitation intervention, whereas the massage group additionally received 20 min of massage twice a week for 12 weeks. The Comprehensive Development Inventory for Infants and Toddlers – Diagnostic Test, the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile – Chinese version, anthropometric measures, and a sleep questionnaire were administrated before and after the massage intervention.

Results: The results of analysis of covariance revealed that the massage group exhibited a greater improvement in the total motor score (p = 0.023), gross motor score (p = 0.047), and sensory sensitivity behavior (p = 0.042).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that massage can effectively enhance motor and sensory processing in children with DD.     

Suboptimal robust linear visual servoing for a delayed underactuated system

In this contribution, a suboptimal robust control law for a specific class of underactuated delayed system is synthesized. The control strategy based on very well‐known results for delay‐dependent stability considers the time delay involved in the dynamical system, which affects to control signal. This contribution illustrates how the theoretical results can be used to improve the real‐time performance of the closed‐loop system considered. The delay is introduced into the control system by the vision module, due to the time required to perform the image treatment. In order to show the good performance of the control law proposed, real‐time experiments are developed by applying a visual servoing technique on the cart‐inverted pendulum system. Obtained results also illustrate how the conservativeness of theoretical results affects the performance of the closed‐loop system and the negative effects of delays in the control loop. Furthermore, a robust stability analysis is done to establish the robustness of control law with respect to the amount of delay presented in the system.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

急性心肌梗死高危者院前延迟行为意向测评量表的编制及信效度检验

目的初步编制“急性心肌梗死高危者院前延迟行为意向测评量表”，并对其信效度进行检验，为评估急性心肌梗死高危者院前延迟倾向提供一个有效的测评工具。方法应用量表开发的综合策略，以计划行为理论作为编制量表的基本理论框架，在广泛参阅国内外相关文献资料的基础上，建立条目池，采用专家评议法和预试验法对量表条目进行筛选，形成暂定版量表，并选取哈尔滨420名急性心肌梗死高危者为研究对象进行测量，对量表的信效度进行检验。结果形成的急性心肌梗死高危者院前延迟行为意向测评量表，由6个维度组成，具体为就医决策、症状警觉、习惯反应样式、症状程度判断、阻碍就医因素、促进就医因素，量表的Cronbaeh’s a系数为0．744；其累积解释总方差的58．694％，表明量表具有良好的信效度。结论本量表具有较好的信度和效度，既可作为测评急性心肌梗死高危者院前延迟倾向的工具之一，也可为以后有针对性地进行健康教育干预提供依据。     

房室延迟对舒张功能不良患者左心房功能的影响

目的 探讨双腔起搏器不同房室延迟(AV间期)起搏对单纯舒张功能不良患者左心房功能的影响.方法 选择植入双腔起搏器的患者76例,分为单纯舒张功能不良组(38例)和心功能正常组(38例),应用超声心动图及应变率成像测算在不同AV间期时的心排出量(CO)、左心房射血分数(LAEF)；收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期的左心房心肌平均峰值应变率(SR-s、SR-e和SR-a).结果 单纯舒张功能不良组:①AV间期自80 ms开始增至200 ms时,SR-a、LAEF和CO随AV间期的延长相应增大,在AV间期200 ms时达到最大,达峰值后逐渐下降,SR-a、LAEF和CO在AV间期＜150 ms及＞200 ms时较AV间期150 ～ 200 ms时降低(P＜0.05)；②AV间期为80 ms时SR-s较AV间期为200 ms时增加明显(P＜0.05).心功能正常组:①随着AV间期变化,评价左心房功能的各指标无显著变化(P＞0.05)；②CO在AV间期为150 ms时达到最大,在AV间期＜150 ms及＞200 ms时较AV间期为150～200 ms时降低(P＜0.05).结论 双腔起搏器不同AV间期可影响单纯舒张功能不良患者左心房的收缩功能,适当延长AV间期在生理上更有利于左心房功能的改善.