氧减延迟时间在评价OSAHS的作用

目的探讨氧减延迟时间在评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的作用。方法回顾2008年1-2013年10月已经确诊OSAHS患者80例，分为中青年组（40例）和老年组（40例），每组再按病情的严重程度，分为单纯打鼾组，轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组，每组均为10例，记录各组氧减延迟时间。结果中青年组的单纯打鼾组、轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间分为为44．47±17．43s、32．08±15．12s、30．46±5．70s、27．57±13．70s；正常组与其他组别，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而轻度、中度、重度组间两两比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）．但是发现随着严重程度，平均氧减延迟时间逐渐在缩短。老年组的单纯打鼾组、轻度OSAHS组、中度OSAHS组和重度OSAHS组的平均氧减延迟时间分为为45．47±14．43s、37．08±15．42s、36．41±12．70s、43．52±14．70s；正常组与轻度及中度组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与重度组无统计学差异；而重度组与轻度、中度组两两比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。而中青年组与老年组的不同组别氧减延迟时间的比较，单纯打鼾组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而轻度、中度、重度组间两两比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05），显示老年组氧减延迟时间要比中青年组时间要明显延长。结论氧减延迟时间则反应了个体在睡眠过程中的血氧变化对睡眠呼吸事件的敏感性及与血氧饱和度变化的时间关系；提示氧减延迟时间对评价OSAHS患者病情有一定意义。     

Atypical attention to voice in toddlers and pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder is related to unimpaired cognitive abilities. An ERP study

BackgroundSound perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is usually at typical levels, even when auditory stimuli carry a social value, as it is the case for speech. Nevertheless, orienting to sounds in a speech context might be atypical in some individuals with ASD, which in ERP studies is reflected by a diminished P3a component. As P3 values and cognitive abilities seem to be inversely related under some circumstances, the current study investigates whether diminished attentional orienting to sounds in speech is equally observable in children with ASD with and without developmental delay (DD).MethodChildren with typical development (TD, n = 17) or ASD, with or without comorbid DD (ASD/DD, n = 22, and ASD/noDD, n = 12), aged 1.5 through 4 years took part in a passive auditory oddball task while EEG data were recorded. The paradigm consisted in the presentation of two deviant stimuli (one vowel sound and one complex tone) either in a speech or in a non-speech context.ResultsWe found overall more negative MMN voltages in both ASD groups compared to TD. For P3a mean voltages, we found an attenuated response in children ASD/noDD when deviant tones were presented in speech, but not in other conditions. Children with ASD/DD did not differ from TD in P3a mean voltages.ConclusionAtypical speech sound processing might be more accentuated in children with ASD/noDD than in their peers with comorbid DD. This finding is interpreted within the theoretical framework of neural adaptation.     

“Choke” vessels between vascular territories of the abdominal wall: Literature review and rare case of Leriche's syndrome

We undertook a review of the anatomical changes of “choke” vessels between the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), as highlighted by a case of aortoiliac occlusive disease (Leriche's syndrome), and discuss the physiological concepts observed with regard to surgical delay procedures within the abdominal wall performed prior to abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was undertaken on a patient with a rare case of Leriche's syndrome and a literature review of over 200 references on the anatomy, physiology and clinical uses of choke vessels in the abdominal wall was undertaken. The CTA demonstrated that in patients with Leriche's syndrome, there is a marked dilatation of all ITA‐DIEA pathways and increased flow through choke vessels. If these changes can be surgically replicated in the form of a delay procedure for patients seeking to undergo autologous breast construction, this could improve the outcomes of abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. We accordingly propose three surgical methods for augmenting blood flow to the abdominal wall: a) ligation of the DIEA; b) ligation of the distal ITA; and c) creation of an arterio‐venous fistulae in the DIEA. Our review of the literature confirmed the viability of these propositions. The dilatation of choke vessels in response to increased haemodynamic stress may thus be utilised to enhance blood supply to tissues prior to transfer and can be achieved through simple and minimally invasive methods. Clin. Anat. 25:998–1004, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Language of Dissociation

ABSTRACT

Three case studies of inner-city elementary school children illustrate the connection between speech-language disorders and dissociative disorders in children who have known or suspected trauma histories. The role of speech language pathologists in identifying and responding to dissociative symptoms in children is explored. Lack of adequate training concerning the impact of trauma and scarce literature on the communication profiles of dissociative children contributes and greatly impacts the diagnosis, referral, and treatment of these children. The case studies demonstrate how unusual speech and language symptoms and awareness of dissociative features may aid in identifying trauma-related problems and instituting effective treatment. Grounding techniques and specific language interventions can assist children in acquiring the vocabulary needed for communicating both their daily experiences and traumatic histories. The nature of the relationship between dissociation and communication disorders is explored, and the importance of future research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and trauma training in the speech-language curriculum is emphasized.