改良持续腹腔冲洗预防阑尾切除术后腹腔残余感染的效果观察

目的：探讨改良持续腹腔冲洗预防阑尾切除术后腹腔残余感染的临床疗效。方法选取2012年1月-2014年1月于医院接受腹腔镜下阑尾切除术的阑尾炎患者76例。所有患者依照随机、自愿原则分为对照组和观察组各38例。所有患者均接受腹腔镜下阑尾切除术且术后放置橡胶引流管进行腹腔引流,对照组术后采用间断腹腔冲洗,观察组采用持续腹腔冲洗。比较2组患者术后发热天数、白细胞总数（WBC）恢复正常时间以及引流时间。结果观察组术后发热天数[（2.4±0.9）d vs.（4.3±1.3）d]、WBC 恢复正常时间[（3.5±0.6）d vs.（5.7±0.9）d]以及引流时间[（3.6±0.7）d vs.（5.3±0.8）d]均明显小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0.05）。结论改良持续腹腔冲洗预防阑尾切除术后腹腔残余感染临床效果显著,可促进患者术后康复,值得临床推广应用。     

Remodelling of zero-stress state of small intestine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Effect of gliclazide

BACKGROUND: Biomechanical properties in terms of residual strains in diabetic small intestine have not been studied. Furthermore, no data have been reported on affect of gliclazide on gastrointestinal complications of diabetes. AIMS: To determine remodelling of zero-stress state of small intestine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and effect of gliclazide treatment. MATERIALS: Morphological properties and residual strains were studied in duodenum, jejunum and ileum obtained from diabetic rats, gliclazide-treated diabetic rats and normal rats (n = 8 each group). METHODS: Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Gliclazide (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) was injected directly into stomach lumen by intragastric gavage twice daily. Experimental period was 35 days. To approach no-load state; intestinal segments were surgically excised and cut transversely into short ring-shaped segments. Each ring was cut radially to obtain geometry of zero-stress state. Circumferential length, the wall thickness and opening angle were measured from digital images of each specimen and residual strains were computed. RESULTS: Blood glucose level of diabetic group (approximately 20 mmol/l) was consistently higher than that in normal group (approximately 4 mmol/l) after induction of diabetes (p < 0.001). Gliclazide lowered average blood glucose level to between 10 and 15 mmol/l (p < 0.001). Plasma insulin levels of both diabetic groups (average between 10 and 15 pmol/l) were significantly lower than those in normal group (average approximately 18 pmol/l, p < 0.05). Wet weight per unit length and wall thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were significantly higher in Diabetes group than those in Normal group (p < 0.05). Opening angle and absolute value of residual strain were significantly smaller in duodenum and larger in jejunum and ileum in Diabetes group than in Normal group (p < 0.001). Gliclazide treatment partly restored these changes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes induced morphometric and biomechanical remodelling in intestine. Gliclazide partly restored these changes.     

中国老年人群牙齿缺失与全因死亡风险关联的前瞻性队列研究

 目的 探讨中国老年人群余留牙齿数量与全因死亡的关联。方法 基于2011－2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)纵向随访资料,通过调查问卷获取调查对象的基线特征、既往病史、余留牙齿数量等信息,采用Katz量表和简易智能状态检查量表评估日常活动能力和认知功能。采用多因素Cox等比例风险模型评估余留牙齿数量与全因死亡的关联。结果 共纳入8658例老年人,男3895例(45.0%),女4763例(55.0%),平均年龄为(85.7±11.2)岁,经7年随访,死亡4488例(51.8%),牙齿余留数量与年龄增长呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归结果显示,在调整年龄、性别、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼、高血压、呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病、日常活动能力失能、认知功能受损等因素后,余留牙齿数量每增加一个,全因死亡风险下降1%,与余留牙齿数量为0的老年人相比,≥20颗余留牙齿的老年人的全因死亡风险下降22%。结论 中国老年人群余留牙齿数量的减少可能增加全因死亡风险,应预防老年人群牙齿脱落。     

Monitoring minimal residual disease in peripheral blood in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

The use of peripheral blood rather than marrow has potential advantages for monitoring minimal residual disease during the treatment of leukaemia. To determine the feasibility of using blood, we used a sensitive polymerase chain reaction method to quantify leukaemia in the blood and marrow in 35 paired samples from 15 children during induction treatment. Leukaemic cells in the blood ranged from 1.1 × 10⁻² to < 9.4 × 10⁻⁷ leukaemic cells/total cells, corresponding to 1.3 × 10⁷ to < 2 × 10³ leukaemic cells/l. In 15 paired samples, leukaemia could be quantified in both tissues and in 20 paired samples, leukaemia was not detected in one or both tissues so that only upper level limits could be set. In the former 15 pairs, the level of leukaemia in peripheral blood was directly proportional to that in marrow but was a mean of 11.7-fold lower. Leukaemia in blood was detected in 10/12 pairs in which the level in marrow was > 10⁻⁴, but in only two of 13 pairs in which the level in marrow was < 10⁻⁵. Patients studied at multiple time-points showed parallel declines in the number of leukaemic cells in both tissues. The results showed that leukaemia could be monitored in peripheral blood during induction therapy, and quantitative considerations based on the results suggest that monitoring of blood during post-induction therapy may be of value in detecting molecular relapse.     

Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound

BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic paralysis is an uncommon, yet underdiagnosed cause of dyspnea. Data regarding the time course and potential for recovery has come from a few small case series. The methods that have been traditionally employed to diagnose diaphragmatic weakness or paralysis are either invasive or limited in sensitivity and specificity. A new technique utilizing two-dimensional, B-mode ultrasound (US) measurements of diaphragm muscle thickening during inspiration (Deltatdi%) has been validated in the diagnosis of diaphragm paralysis (DP). The purpose of this study was to assess whether serial US evaluation might be utilized to monitor the potential recovery of diaphragm function. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinically suspected DP were referred to the pulmonary physiology laboratory. Sixteen patients were found to have DP by US (unilateral, 10 patients; bilateral, 6 patients). Subjects were followed up for up to 60 months. On initial and subsequent visits, Deltatdi% was measured by US. Additional measurements included upright and supine vital capacity (VC), maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), and maximal expiratory pressure. RESULTS: Eleven of 16 patients functionally recovered from DP. The mean (+/- SD) recovery time was 14.9 +/- 6.1 months. No diaphragm thickening was noted in those patients who did not recover. Positive correlations were found between improvement in Deltatdi% and interval changes in VC, Pimax, and end-expiratory measurements of diaphragm thickness. CONCLUSIONS: US may be used to assess for potential functional recovery from diaphragm weakness or DP. As in previous series, recovery occurs in a substantial number of individuals, but recovery time may be prolonged.     

基因扩增技术检测急慢性B—淋巴细胞白血病免疫球蛋白基因重排

应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增IgH重排产生的CDR-Ⅱ序列,检测23例急慢性B-淋巴细胞白血病患者。20例发生IgH重排,其中4例出现两种基因扩增产物。6例完全缓解的患者,3例检出异常重排的IgH基因,并先后复发。本文应用Southern blot法和PCR进行了对照性研究。     

Comparison of myeloma cell contamination of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell harvests

It could be speculated for patients with myeloma and other lymphoproliferative disorders that peripheral blood stem cells may be preferable to bone marrow for autologous transplantation because they may be less contaminated by neoplastic cells. To test this possibility, the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement and limiting dilution polymerase chain reaction were used to sensitively quantify myeloma cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell collections, taken at a similar time, from eight patients with multiple myeloma. Levels of residual disease in the peripheral blood stem cell harvests were variable and did not reflect the tumour burden in the marrow. Peripheral blood stem cells contained 1.7 to 23 700-fold fewer myeloma cells compared with the bone marrow and would have resulted in reinfusion of 0.08 to 59 480-fold fewer myeloma cells based on total reinfused CFU-GM and 0.24 to 24 700-fold fewer myeloma cells based on total reinfused nucleated cells. Assuming that the proportion of clonogenic myeloma cells is equivalent, peripheral blood stem cells may be better than bone marrow as a source of haemopoietic stem cells for transplantation in multiple myeloma. The clinical follow-up suggested that patients transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells containing a low number of myeloma cells had better disease control than those transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells containing a high number.