应用AO钢板加螺钉内固定治疗BC型踝关节骨折

目 的 探 讨 Ｂ、Ｃ 型 踝 关节 骨折 的 较佳 治疗 方 法。方 法 本 组 ３２ 例 ，其 中 Ｂ 型骨 折 １７ 例，Ｃ 型 骨折 １５ 例 ，先 将 腓 骨 切开 复 位 ＡＯ 钢 板 内固 定 ，再 将 内 踝 骨折 切 开 复 位拉 力 螺 钉 内固 定 ，注意 联 合 韧 带 的 修 补 ，术后 早期 功 能锻 炼。 结 果 ３２ 例 中 ２９ 例 随访 ４ 个 月～４ 年，疗效 优良 ２７ 例 ，尚 可 ２ 例，无 一 例 疗效 差 。 结 论 Ｂ、Ｃ型 踝 关 节骨 折 均 需 手术 切 开 复 位，而 ＡＯ 钢 板加 螺 钉 固 定牢 固 ，有利 于 术 后 早 期功 能 锻 炼 ，有 利 于 踝 关 节 功 能 的恢 复。     

隧道式拖线加内口切挂术治疗后位马蹄型肛瘘46例

采用隧道式拖线加内口切挂术治疗后位马蹄型肛瘘 4 6例 ,4 4例为一次性治愈 ,2例经一次扩创后治愈 ,平均疗程 (2 6± 3)天。     

应用锁骨钩钢板治疗Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位

目的探讨锁骨钩钢板治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法我们对2003年2月～2007年1月间52例TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的患者均采用锁骨钩钢板复位内固定治疗。所有患者均未进行喙锁韧带缝合修复,但缝合损伤的肩锁关节囊及韧带和三角肌、斜方肌附丽。6～9个月后取出内固定。按Lazzcano法评定肩关节功能。结果52例患者得到随访,随访9～12个月,平均10个月。肩关节功能,取内固定前:优40例,良10例,差2例,优良率96%;取内固定后:优45例,良7例,差0例,优良率100%。肩关节功能取内固定前为良或差的病例在取出内固定后均有不同程度的改善。无切口感染、内固定松脱或断裂及再脱位等并发症。结论锁骨钩钢板是治疗TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位的最好治疗方法,具有操作简单,手术时间短,创伤小,可保证百分百复位,固定可靠,符合肩锁关节的生物力学要求,术后可早期功能锻炼,功能恢复好等特点。     

Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study''s outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.     

Biomechanical Study of Intramedullary Versus Extramedullary Implants for Four Types of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture

ObjectivesTo compare the biomechanical performance of proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA), the “upside‐down” less invasive plating system (LISS), and proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) in fixing different fracture models of subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsThirty composite femurs were divided into three equal groups (PFNA, PFLP, and reverse LISS). The implant‐femur constructs were tested under axial compression load (0–1400 N) from models I to IV, which represented the Seinsheimer type I subtrochanteric fracture, type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment reduced; type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment lost; and type IV subtrochanteric fracture, respectively. Axial stiffness was analyzed for each group. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, one of which underwent torsional and axial compression failure testing, while the other subgroup underwent axial compression fatigue testing. The torsional stiffness, failure load, and cycles to failure were analyzed.ResultsPFNA had the highest axial stiffness (F = 761.265, p < 0.0001) and failure load (F = 48.801, p < 0.0001) in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were significantly higher than those of the LISS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference in axial stiffness was found between models I to III (model I: F = 2.439, p = 0.106; model II: F = 2.745, p = 0.082; model III: F = 0.852, p = 0.438) or torsional stiffness in model IV (F = 1.784, p = 0.187). In fatigue testing, PFNA did not suffer from construct failure after 90,000 cycles of axial compression. PFLP and LISS were damaged within 14,000 cycles, although LISS withstood more cycles than PFLP (t = 3.328, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe axial stiffness of the three implants was similar in models I to III. The biomechanical properties of PFNA were the best of the three implants in terms of axial stiffness, failure load, and fatigue testing cycles in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were better than those of the reverse LISS, but PFLP had fewer cycles in the fatigue tests than the reverse LISS.     

The novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates used for internal fixation of elderly quadrilateral surface involved acetabular fractures

ObjectivesIn geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral surface (QLS) was frequently involved in acetabular fracture patterns and accompanied by medial displacement. It was important to buttress the medial displaced QLS and reconstruct the congruity of the affected acetabulum. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the novel infra‐pectineal quadrilateral surface buttress plates for the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty‐three geriatric patients who were treated for acetabular fractures involving QLS with the novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates (NIBP) through a single supra‐ilioinguinal approach between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received at least 1 year''s follow‐up. All patients were aged ≥60 years old and including 18 males and five females. Radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients involved in the study were collated and analyzed according to the Matta scoring system and the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The functional recovery scoring was compared using q‐test.ResultsAll 23 consecutive patients had relatively satisfactory clinical treatment effectiveness. Average ages, length of incision, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were 69.8 ± 6.1 years, 12.1 ± 2.6 cm, 166.5 ± 43.5 min, and 500 (500,700) ml, respectively. According to the Matta scoring system, 14 cases of reduction were graded as excellent, five as good, and four as fair. At the last follow‐up, the clinical outcome evaluation was excellent in 13 cases, good in seven cases, and poor in three cases with the use of the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The difference of modified Merle D''Aubigne‐Postel score at 3 months, 6 months and last follow up was statistically significant (F = 21.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in three patients and heterotopic ossification occurred in one patient.ConclusionsFor the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures, the NIBP could provide stable and effective fixation to the QLS involved acetabular fractures, and related satisfactory clinical results with few complications were noted.     

Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review

BackgroundTalus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.Case PresentationFour male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.ConclusionUse of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.     

Intraocular lens-blocking technique for intraocular foreign body removal

The aim of this study was to describe a novel technique for intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. Phacoemulsification was performed in all patients, followed by a complete microincision vitrectomy to free all tissues surrounding the IOFB. A three-piece intraocular lens (IOL) was placed in the capsular bag, and an opening was made in the upper center of the capsule. The IOFB was removed and lifted to the anterior chamber through the capsular opening and IOL edge. The IOFB was confined to the anterior chamber by the IOL, and then easily extracted through the main corneal incision. The technique was adopted in six eyes of six patients. All IOFBs were removed successfully in all patients without intraoperative or postoperative complications. The IOL-blocking technique is a useful approach for IOFB removal.     

术前HbA1c水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊的影响及阈值效应分析

目的：分析术前糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊(PCO)的预测价值及阈值效应。

方法：回顾性研究。收集2018-09/2020-09于本院就诊的糖尿病合并白内障患者106例106眼,根据患者术后36 mo是否发生PCO分为PCO组52例52眼和非PCO组54例54眼。分析患者术后发生PCO的影响因素。对患者术前HbA1c水平与患者术后发生PCO的发生情况进行阈值效应分析。采用受试工作者特征(ROC)曲线评估术前HbA1c水平对患者术后发生PCO的预测价值。构建预测模型,采用Bootstrap重采样对预测模型进行验证,并对模型的区分度和准确度进行评价。

结果：两组患者糖尿病病程、有无糖尿病视网膜病变、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级均有差异(P<0.05)。糖尿病病程≥12 a、有DR、空腹血糖≥8 mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖≥12 mmol/L、术前HbA1c≥7%、眼轴长度≥30 mm、核硬度分级Ⅲ级及以上均为影响患者术后发生PCO的因素(P<0.05)。曲线拟合发现随着HbA1c水平的升高,糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的概率呈现上升趋势。阈值效应分析发现,当HbA1c≥7%时,术后PCO的发生率随着HbA1c水平的增加而升高。敏感性分析显示E值=2.129。术前HbA1c与糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO程度的关联效应分析结果显示,调整后术前HbA1c水平是糖尿病患者术后发生PCO不同程度混浊的影响因素,存在独立相关性(OR=1.65,95% CI：1.42-1.76,P=0.021)。当预测模型P=0.6时,模型预测准确度为88.51%,敏感度和特异度分别为86.33%和86.82%,表示糖尿病白内障患者出现PCO的结局。

结论：糖尿病病程、有DR、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级是影响糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的因素,且术前HbA1c可作为评估患者术后发生PCO的敏感指标。     

改良口外须颅颌固定在上颌骨骨折中的应用

目的:探讨改良口外须颅颌固定治疗上颌骨骨折的临床效果。方法:对35例上颌骨Le FortⅡ、Ⅲ型骨折患者,先行闭合复位,恢复受伤前的咬合关系,再行改良口外须颅颌固定牵引3～4周。结果:35例Le FortⅡ、Ⅲ型骨折患者总有效率达94.2%。结论:改良口外须颅颌固定牵引治疗上颌骨骨折是一种简单易行、可靠的方法。