Association between Dietary Niacin Intake and Migraine among American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Migraine is related to brain energy deficiency. Niacin is a required coenzyme in mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, the relationship between dietary niacin and migraines remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary niacin and migraine. This study used cross-sectional data from people over 20 years old who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2004, collecting details on their severe headaches or migraines, dietary niacin intake, and several other essential variables. There were 10,246 participants, with 20.1% (2064/10,246) who experienced migraines. Compared with individuals with lower niacin consumption Q1 (≤12.3 mg/day), the adjusted OR values for dietary niacin intake and migraine in Q2 (12.4–18.3 mg/day), Q3 (18.4–26.2 mg/day), and Q4 (≥26.3 mg/day) were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72–0.97, p = 0.019), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63–0.87, p < 0.001), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58–0.88, p = 0.001), respectively. The association between dietary niacin intake and migraine exhibited an L-shaped curve (nonlinear, p = 0.011). The OR of developing migraine was 0.975 (95% CI: 0.956–0.994, p = 0.011) in participants with niacin intake < 21.0 mg/day. The link between dietary niacin intake and migraine in US adults is L-shaped, with an inflection point of roughly 21.0 mg/day.     

原发性膀胱颈梗阻/原发性膀胱颈协同失调的诊断与治疗现状

原发性膀胱颈梗阻(primary bladder neck obstruction,PBNO)/原发性膀胱颈协同失调(primary bladder neck dyssynergia,PBND)是一组病因不明的膀胱颈梗阻综合征,临床表现为排尿期症状(排尿费力、尿踌躇、尿流变细、排空不全等)、储尿期症状(尿频、尿急、尿失禁、夜尿等)或两者同时存在。影像尿动力检查(video-urodynamic study,VUDS)是诊断PBNO/PBND的金标准,PBNO/PBND特征为高压低流的排尿模式,在影像透视下可见膀胱颈未开放或开放不全。轻症患者可采取观察、药物治疗及间歇清洁自家导尿等措施进行保守治疗,保守治疗无效的患者应行经尿道膀胱颈电切术。为进一步了解PBNO/PBND及其进展,本文就相关研究进展进行综述。     

驱铅扶正方对慢性铅中毒大鼠血锌原卟啉的影响

目的观察驱铅扶正方对慢性铅中毒模型大鼠行为学及血锌原卟啉（ZPP）的影响。方法采用大鼠经口灌胃染毒法,造模8周后,将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、依地酸二钠钙组（西药组）、驱铅扶正方组（中药组）。用药20d后处死动物,检测ZPP含量,观察肾脏病理改变。结果中药组和西药组治疗后与治疗前比较ZPP含量均显著下降,差异有高度统计意义（P〈0．01）;治疗后中药组与西药组ZPP含量比较差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）。结论驱铅扶正方能显著降低慢性铅中毒大鼠血中ZPP含量,其作用与依地酸二钠钙相当,但其改善肾小管形态的作用优于依地酸二钠钙。     

Cutaneous melanoma incidence,mortality, and survival in Manizales, Colombia: a population-based study

ObjectiveWe estimated the cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence, mortality, and survival in Manizales, Colombia to establish predictors for survival.MethodsThis analytical cohort study used CM incident cases during 2006 to 2015 in the Manizales Cancer Registry (n = 132). Incidence and mortality rates were standardized using the direct method. Patients were followed up until 30 November 2020. Cause-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method for variables of interest, with the log-rank test for differences. Cox multivariate regression models were fitted.ResultsIncidence (per 100,000) increased from 1.6 to 3.0 in men and 2.6 to 2.8 in women during 2006–2010 to 2011–2015, respectively. Mortality was low and stable. Five-year survival was 68.7%, with significant differences according to age (hazard ratio [HR] >70 vs. ≤70 years: 3.37); histological subtype (HR for melanoma not otherwise specified and HR for nodular melanoma vs lentigo malignant melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma: 17.39 and 10.16, respectively); and clinical stage (HR stages III–IV vs. stages I–II: 5.94).ConclusionCM is characterized by increasing incidence and unfavorable prognosis, particularly in patients aged >70 years, with melanoma not otherwise specified and nodular melanoma, and advanced stages. Promoting photoprotection and early detection and management of suspicious skin lesions is crucial.     

Association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels in 8‐year‐old children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy‐related complications; it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring, consistent with the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. This cohort study of women without diabetes (n = 761), who were part of the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, aimed to explore the associations between maternal GDM and their offspring’s level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the associations between GDM and the offspring’s hsCRP levels using a multiple logistic regression model. A mother with GDM significantly increased the risk for high hsCRP level by 4.07‐fold (≥2.0 mg/L) in the child. As such, maternal GDM was significantly associated with increased serum hsCRP levels in 8‐year‐old children.     

Changes in liver enzymes and association with prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective case–control study

ObjectiveCOVID-19 has recently emerged as a serious threat to global health. This study examined the laboratory investigations of patients with COVID-19, with an emphasis on liver enzymes.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center study was performed on patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, Iran from March 2020 to February 2021. Laboratory tests included a complete blood cell count, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase. Patient survival was among the outcome measures investigated in association with laboratory findings.ResultsWe enrolled 77 patients with COVID-19 and 63 healthy controls. In comparison with the control group, patients with COVID-19 showed COVID-19 increased ALT, WBC, neutrophils, NLR, and PLR, and decreased platelet counts and lymphocytes.ConclusionAlthough elevated levels of AST, NLR, PLR, and LMR were found in patients with COVID-19, they were not linked to mortality. Given the presence of AST in other tissues, the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver should be interpreted with caution.     

山东省农村自杀未遂者自杀行为的聚类分析

目的 以自杀未遂者的自杀行为特征为依据进行聚类分析,识别自杀未遂者的不同类型,并探究各类型自杀未遂者的特征差异。 方法 运用面对面访谈的方式收集408例急诊或住院自杀未遂者的人口学、社会心理学和自杀未遂行为特征的数据。采用二阶聚类法进行聚类分析。 结果 408例自杀未遂者被分为两种类型:231例(56.62%)纳入冲动组,表现为自杀意图低、致死性低、冲动性强;177例(43.38%)纳入计划组,表现为自杀意图高、致死性高、多有自杀未遂史。与冲动组相比,计划组自杀未遂者年龄更大(P=0.003),抑郁、绝望水平更高(P<0.001),患精神障碍的比例更高(P<0.001)。 结论 两组自杀未遂者的特征明显不同,应分别采取有针对性的预防及干预措施。     

儿童腹股沟疝先天性危险因素的病例对照研究

[摘要] 目的 探讨儿童腹股沟疝发生的先天性危险因素。方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1配对病例对照研究方法,对201例0～6岁腹股沟疝患儿和201例0～6岁对照儿童的情况进行问卷调查,用χ2检验和条件Logistic回归对所收集资料进行单因素及多因素分析,计算OR值（比值比）及OR值的95%CI（可信区间）。结果 儿童腹股沟疝家族史（OR=12.178,95%CI：5.495~26.990）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月贫血史（OR=5.143,95%CI：2.021~13.088）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月饮茶习惯（OR=1.800,95%CI：1.039~3.119）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月腌制品摄入（OR=2.339,95%CI：1.298~4.217）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月被动吸烟史（OR=1.851,95%CI：1.064~3.222）与儿童腹股沟疝的发病有关。结论 儿童腹股沟疝家族史、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月贫血、被动吸烟、饮茶习惯和腌制品摄入是儿童腹股沟疝发生的先天性危险因素。 [关键词]腹股沟疝 儿童 先天性,危险因素 配对病例对照研究     

Troponina I por Percentil 99 da Definição Universal de Infarto do Miocárdio versus Ponto de Corte de Melhor Acurácia em Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

Background Contemporary diagnosis of ACS and risk stratification are essential for appropriate management and reduction of mortality and recurrent ischemic events, in the acute phase of disease and after hospitalization. The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends the detection of troponin levels above the 99^th percentile.Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of early death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients without elevation of troponin (<0.034 ng/mL), patients with mild elevation (above the 99^th percentile [>0.034 ng/mL and <0.12 ng/mL)], and patients with significant elevation of troponin (above the diagnostic cutoff for AMI defined by the troponin kit (≥0.12 ng/mL)]; and to analyze the impact of troponin on the indication for invasive strategy and myocardial revascularization.Methods Cross-sectional cohort study of patients with ACS with assessment of peak troponin I, risk score, prospective analysis of 30-day clinical outcomes and two-sided statistical tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.Results A total of 494 patients with ACS were evaluated. Troponin > 99^th percentile and below the cutoff point, as well as values above the cutoff, were associated with higher incidence of composite endpoint (p<0.01) and higher rates of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures (p<0.01), without significative difference in 30-day mortality.Conclusions Troponin levels above the 99^th percentile defined by the universal definition of AMI play a prognostic role and add useful information to the clinical diagnosis and risk scores by identifying those patients who would most benefit from invasive risk stratification and coronary revascularization procedures.