脾肾分流加联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的：探讨提高肝硬化门静脉高压症疗效的术式。方法：采用脾肾分流加联合断流术即脾切除。脾肾分流,胃底、贲门周围血管离断,食道下段离断吻合术治疗门脉高压症患者20例。术中连续监测自由门静脉压力（FPP）的动态变化。术后随访12例。随访时间6-30个月。结果：术后死亡1例,随随例患者无1例再出血及发生肝性脑病。术后2个月行食道钡餐检查,食道静脉曲张消失或基本消失10例,明显好转2例。11例术前有腹水,其中2例术前大量腹水,10例术后2个月左右腹水消失,1例术前大量腹水者术后6个月腹水基本消失,术后6个月内彩色多普勒检查9例,均显示门静脉向肝血流,脾肾吻合通畅,无血栓形成,结论：脾肾分流加联合断流术治疗门脉高压症既保留了分流术和断流术二者的优点,又克服了二者的缺点,而且联合断流术使断流更加彻底。     

GENE TRANSFER INTO PORCINE MYOCARDIUM VIA PERICARDIAL CAVITY BY HOMEMADE EASY PUNCTURE DEVICEA

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of gene transfer into porcine myocardium via the pericardial cavity by a homemade easy device.Methods Replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector carrying LacZ report gene (Ad-LacZ) was constructed by the calcium phosphate precipitation method. Twelve healthy Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 6) and control group (n =6). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model was established by balloon occlusion of the distal part of D[ branch of left anterior descending (LAD) artery, at the same time the intra-pericardial cavity injections were performed through the small incision of the abdominal wall below the xyphoid appendix using a homemade device. Then gene transfer was performed using a central venous catheter. The pericardium was pre-treated with injection of a mixture of collagenase (1 200 U) and hyaluronidase (3 000 U) in both groups. Then 2. 0 × 109 plaque formation unit (PFU) Ad-LacZ was injected into the pericardial cavity in experimental group, while 1 mL of normal saline was injected in the control group. The p-galactosidase activity detection and X-gal staining of the ischemic myocardium were performed on the 3rd, 7th, and 28th day after injection.Results The LAD artery was occluded completely and infarction and ischemia were detected by histological assessment In experimental group, the X-gal staining positive cells and (3-galactosidase activity quantification were detectable on the 3rd day after injection, increased markedly on the 7th day, and then declined on the 28th day. The transfer efficiencies indicated by the positive myocardial cells were 16. 7% , 45. 6% , 22. 8% on the 3rd, 7th, 28th day, respectively. In control group, no positive cells and (3-galactosidase activity were observed.Conclusion Adenovirus can be transferred into ischemic myocardium and express target gene in the AMI model for four weeks with the homemade easy device via pericardial cavity pretreated by collagenase and hyaluronidase.     

B超引导下穿刺诊治心包积液的价值

①目的 探讨B超引导下心包穿刺诊治心包积液的价值。②方法 对38例心包积液病人行B超检查,并在B超引导下进行46次心包穿刺。③结果 46次心包穿刺术中首次穿刺成功45次,成功率97.8%;1例首次穿刺失败改变穿刺方向后再次穿刺成功。④结论 B超检查对心包积液的诊断、指导穿刺和选择治疗方法等有重要价值。     

心包腔内注入腺病毒-血管内皮生长因子165基因治疗心肌缺血的实验研究

目的:探讨经心包腔途径转染血管新生基因对缺血心肌的血管生成及舒缩功能的影响。方法:第一部分:随机将12头中国小型猪分为实验组和对照组,每组6头。两组猪均采用球囊堵塞前降支第一对角支远端以建立心肌梗死模型,心肌梗死模型建立后即刻,采用经皮剑突下穿刺方法,将中心静脉导管插入心包腔内转染Ad-LacZ。以胶原酶1200 u及透明质酸酶3000u预处理心包后,在心包腔内注射含Ad-LacZ基因2.0×109pfu。对照组心包腔内注射生理盐水。分别于注射后3天、7天及28天处死动物,对缺血心肌进行染色及病理观察。第二部分:随机将20头中国小型猪分为实验组和对照组,每组10头,每组又分3天(n=2)、7天(n=6)及28天(n=6)三个亚组。注射后3天、7天及28天分别用免疫组化、超声心动图对缺血心肌血管新生情况进行检测,并以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血浆、心包及心肌组织中Ad-VEGF165的表达。第三部分:20头小型猪随机分为心包转染组(心包组)和冠脉转染组(冠脉组)。心包组和冠脉组均注射Ad-VEGF1651.0 ml(2×109pfu),于注射前及其后3、7、28天分别测定组织内VEGF水平、微血管密度(MVD)、心功能。结果:①实验组注射Ad-LacZ基因后第3天、第7天及28天后X-gal染色有阳性细胞,以第7天最明显,对照组无阳性细胞。②Ad-VEGF165基因经心包腔转染缺血心肌组织后,在心包及组织中成高表达,于7天达到高峰,28天降至基线水平,血浆中无目的基因的表达;28天时,实验组缺血心肌微血管密度(MVD)、心功能均明显高于对照组[MVD,517.0±75.7/mm2vs 226.5±54.1/mm2,P=0.009;LVEF72.11±5.2%vs 55.14±4.37%,P=0.005]。③心包组和冠脉组的心脏均表达有VEGF165基因,组织内VEGF水平在7天时达高峰,28天时降至基线水平,前组高于后组(702±85pg/ml vs 592±59 pg/ml,P=0.026)。而两组的MVD、心功能随转染时间延长均明显增加,但心包组优于冠脉组(28d,MVD,517.0±75.7/mm2vs 326.4±24.1/mm2,P=0.001;FS,32.9±2.2%vs 30.6±2.1%,P=0.049;LVEF,72.11±5.2%vs 65.87±2.16%,P=0.034)。结论:①应用球囊堵塞法可成功建立猪急性心肌梗死模型,胶原酶及透明质酸酶预处理心包后,腺病毒载体可转染缺血心肌,并持续表达4周。②用胶原酶及透明质酸酶预处理心包腔后,经其转染Ad-VEGF165可以诱导急性心肌梗死模型局部VEGF蛋白表达,促进缺血心肌组织血管新生并能改善心功能。③导管介导的心包腔与冠脉转染Ad-VEGF165基因治疗心肌缺血是有效的、切实可行的,而前者可能是更有前途的新方法。     

以浆膜腔积液为首发症状的造血和淋巴组织肿瘤19例分析

目的: 提高以浆膜腔积液为首发症状的造血和淋巴组织肿瘤的认识。方法: 回顾分析19例以浆膜腔积液为首发症状的造血和淋巴组织肿瘤患者临床资料。结果: 淋巴瘤9例,经骨髓细胞学检查确诊7例,经淋巴结活检确诊1例,经脱落细胞学检查确诊1例;急性白血病4例,慢性白血病4例,多发性骨髓瘤2例,均经骨髓细胞学检查确诊。结论: 造血和淋巴组织肿瘤以浆膜腔积液为首发表现者易误诊。确诊主要依靠骨髓细胞学、脱落细胞、淋巴结活检等病理学检查。     

肝圆韧带桥式分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症

目的评价肝圆韧带桥式分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床效果.方法对4例应用肝圆韧带桥式分流联合断流术治疗的门静脉高压症病人的手术情况、手术效果、随访结果进行回顾性分析.结果4例病人中,3例接受了肝圆韧带桥式肠腔分流联合断流术,1例接受肝圆韧带桥式脾肾分流术联合断流术.术中利用肝圆韧带长度4～6 cm,平均5 cm.分流后门静脉压力平均下降7.6 cm H2O,本组无手术死亡及严重手术并发症.随访肝功能均有明显改善,食管胃底静脉曲张均消失,彩超检查肝圆韧带桥无堵塞,吻合口通畅,无再出血.结论肝圆韧带桥式分流联合断流术是一种新的有效的治疗门静脉高压症的手术方式.     

Acute hemorrhagic pericardial effusion complicating angiosarcoma of the liver

A 42-year-old woman, with an acute hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, was found to have an angiosarcoma of the liver which caused a massive intraabdominal bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of the liver.     

Age-related differences in regeneration of dystrophic (mdx) and normal muscle in the mouse

The mdx mouse, a genetic homologue of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), has been attributed with a greater regenerative capacity of its skeletal muscles. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that muscles of mdx mice regenerate better than those of nondystrophic animals. We studied muscle regeneration resulting from a denervation-devascularization injury (DD) of extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) at 3 weeks and 2 months in mdx and wild-type (C57BL/10) mice. Histological and morphometrical studies of muscle regeneration were made from 3 to 180 days later. When DD was performed in 3-week-old C57BL/10 mice, the percentages of nonperipheral nuclei in regenerated fibers decreased progressively over 3 months. This decrease did not occur in animals where DDs were performed at 2months, suggesting that two different populations of muscle precursor cells are mobilized in muscle regenration in mice at these two ages. Moreover, mdx EDL muscle regenerated similarly to the controls for up to 60 postoperative days, as shown by distribution of mean diameters and percentage of nonperipheral nuclei of muscle fibers. After 60 postoperative days, necrosis/regeneration characteristics of mdx muscles recurred, suggesting that mdx-regenerated muscle fibers remain susceptible to degeneration.© 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

小儿心包积液28例临床分析

目的：探讨小儿心包积液的病因、分类及诊断。方法：病例回顾性分析。结果：28例中，化脓性心包积液4例，结缔组织疾病所致心包积液16例，肾病综合征所致心包答液4例，病毒性、肺吸虫性、幼年型粘液性水肿及肿瘤性心包积液各1例。治愈、好转25例，另3例，分别死于急性心包填塞，风湿性全心炎、心功能不全、呼衰、纵隔肿瘤广泛转移。结论：小儿心包积液，可由多种致病因素引起。其临床特点，对该病的诊治有重要意义。