Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) renal cryoablation in a porcine model

OBJECTIVE

To present our laboratory experience with natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) renal cryoablation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In two female farm pigs, we performed four procedures of NOTES renal cryoablation. In each pig, NOTES was performed through a transgastric approach and a transvaginal approach for each kidney, respectively. The pig was placed in the flank position and pneumoperitoneum obtained using a transabdominal Veress needle. In the first pig, we started with the left kidney with a transgastric approach: a dual‐channel video gastroscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used, the stomach wall was punctured using a needle‐knife, a guidewire was passed into the abdominal cavity and the access dilated using a controlled radial expansion balloon. The bowel was mobilized medially and the Gerota’s fascia overlying the upper pole was dissected. Under direct endoscopic vision, a cryoablation probe was introduced percutaneously into the anterior upper pole of the kidney. The pig was then flipped to the right flank position and a transvaginal approach was used: the gastroscope was introduced through the posterior fornix of the vagina. For the second pig, we performed initially a transgastric right‐side cryoablation then a transvaginal left‐side cryoablation as described for the first pig.

RESULTS

All four procedures were performed successfully, with no intraoperative complications. No additional laparoscopic ports or open conversions were necessary. The vision of the kidney and the ice‐ball was adequate for all cases. The mean operative duration was 83 min. Stomach closure was tested watertight, and there were no abdominal or pelvic injuries found at autopsy.

CONCLUSIONS

NOTES can provide adequate minimal surgical dissection for safe and effective percutaneous renal cryoablation under direct videoscopic monitoring at kidney locations otherwise not accessible percutaneously. Both transgastric and transvaginal approaches can be used effectively for renal cryoablation providing a minimally invasive scar‐less surgery.     

Radiofrequency ablation for renal tumors: Our experience

Objectives:   To report our results of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for renal tumors and to assess predictors of therapeutic efficacy.
Methods:   Forty patients (median age 73 years) with renal tumors were treated with RFA under local or epidural anesthesia. All of them had high surgical risk or refused radical surgery. Tumors were punctured percutaneously using the Radionics Cool-tip RF System under computed tomography or ultrasonographic guidance. Median tumor diameter was 24 mm. After RFA, contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 1 month. Complete response (CR) was defined as no enhancement inside the tumor. Factors related to the outcome and to renal function were assessed.
Results:   Median follow up was 16 months. CR was observed in 34 cases (85.0%). A significant difference in CR rate was observed between tumors ≤30 mm and those >30 mm. Outcomes tended to be better for tumors in the mid to lower kidney, and those away from the renal hilum. Recurrence was observed in one case (2.9%), but a CR was obtained again by additional RFA. Out of a total of 77 RFA procedures, complications occurred in only three cases (3.9%), and conservative treatment was possible in all cases. Serum creatinine levels 3 months after RFA did not differ from those before RFA.
Conclusions:   Percutaneous RFA is a safe and effective treatment for small renal tumors in patients with high surgical risk or who refuse radical surgery.     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗先天性异常肾合并结石

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL）治疗先天性异常肾合并结石的疗效。方法2000年1月～2007年11月,采用MPCNL治疗异常肾合并结石41例,其中马蹄肾12例,重复肾19例,旋转肾10例。单发上盏结石4例,中盏6例,下盏7例,肾盂结石3例,重复肾上肾结石4例,多发结石12例,鹿角形结石5例。结石最大直径1.0～4.0 cm,平均2.5 cm。13例合并输尿管中上段结石同时取石。结果41例均一次穿刺成功。手术时间45～210 min,平均95 min。术中出血30～150 ml,平均80 ml。一期结石清除率85.4%（35/41）,2例马蹄肾和1例重复肾患者经二次取石取净,2例重复肾和1例旋转肾患者术后配合体外冲击波碎石治疗。1例旋转肾MPCNL术后发生较严重出血（800 ml）,经高选择性动脉栓塞后治愈,其余未见严重并发症发生。41例随访5～12个月,平均6个月,无结石复发。结论MPCNL治疗先天性异常肾合并结石安全、可靠。但仍需强调个体化的原则,根据不同异常肾的类型,结石大小、位置等情况进行操作。     

CT尿路成像三维重建在经皮肾镜取石术中的运用

目的探讨在经皮肾镜手术穿刺中运用CT尿路成像三维重建技术的临床价值。方法对17例复杂肾结石患者运用CT尿路成像三维重建技术进行定位穿刺,并回顾分析对比同期运用其他引导手段下穿刺的准确性和效果。结果17例运用CT尿路成像三维重建在经皮肾镜手术中对比对照组穿刺成功率及结石取净率明显提高且并发症减少。结论CT尿路成像三维成像技术可以提供精确的穿刺径路,有望成为复杂肾结石患者行经皮肾镜手术前常规影像学引导穿刺方法。     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎外科与腔内治疗疗效研究

目的 探讨外科与腔内治疗对下肢动脉血栓闭塞性脉管炎（thromboangiitis obliterans,TAO）的作用,为TAO的综合治疗提供循证医学依据。方法 回顾性分析2006年4月至2015年4月间,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院采用外科或腔内治疗下肢动脉TAO的202例病人的临床资料。根据踝肱指数（ABI）,Rutherford分级等指标评价各种手术方案的疗效。结果 Rutherford分级（R值）评价：术后1个月,行经皮腔内血管成型术（PTA）组、腰交感神经节切除组、序贯法内膜剥脱组、腰交感神经结节切除+序贯法内膜剥脱组病人与术前比较R值均降低（P＜0.05）;术后6个月,腰交感神经节切除组、序贯法内膜剥脱组、腰交感神经节切除+序贯法内膜剥脱组R值降低（P＜0.05）;术后12个月,序贯法内膜剥脱组、腰交感神经节切除+序贯法内膜剥脱组R值降低（P＜0.05）。ABI指标：术后1周,4组病人与术前比较ABI值均升高（P＜0.05）;术后6个月,腰交感神经节切除+序贯法内膜剥脱组ABI值升高（P<0.05）;术后12个月,序贯法内膜剥脱组、腰交感神经节切除+序贯法内膜剥脱组ABI值升高（P<0.05）。结论 单纯PTA和腰交感神经节切除术使膝下远端动脉闭塞的TAO病人术后短期内获益明显。单纯序贯法内膜剥脱术或联合腰交感神经节切除术是一种治疗下肢动脉TAO明确有效的外科治疗方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术中肾盂内压变化对术后发热的影响

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)术中肾盂内压变化对术后发热的影响.方法 采用压力传感器实时测量80例MPCNL手术患者肾盂内压,采用Logistic回归分析统计肾盂内压等因素变化与术后发热的关系.结果 80例患者术中平均肾盂内压14.72 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg平均累积时间为116.06 s,术后出现体温≥38.5℃者15例.Logistic回归分析显示,术后发热与性别(P=0.195)、年龄(P=0.641)、尿路感染(P=0.663)、术后血常规白细胞≥10×10<'9>/L(P=0.751)、术中肾盂内压曾≥40 mm Hg(P=0.662)不相关,而与感染性结石(P=0.000),通道大小(P=0.029)、术中平均肾盂内压(P=0.036)、术中平均肾盂内压≥20 mm Hg(P=0.013)、肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg时间(P=0.010)相关,术中肾盂内压≥30mm Hg状态持续50 S以上者术后发热率发生显著增高(P=0.024).结论 MPCNL术中肾盂内压总的趋势小于一般认为引起肾实质反流的极限(30 mm Hg).术后发热与MPCNL导致的肾盂内压短暂性增高不相关,但肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg状态持续>50 S、总平均肾盂内压升高将引起术后发热发生率增高.     

闭合复位经皮内固定治疗肱骨近端二、三部分骨折

目的观察闭合复位经皮内固定治疗肱骨近端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法对21例移位的肱骨近端二、三部分骨折采用闭合复位经皮内固定治疗。结果平均随访18个月,患者全部骨折愈合;根据Neer评分:优14例,良4例,优良率为86%。结论闭合复位经皮内固定是治疗肱骨近端二、三部分骨折的理想方法。