急性心肌梗死介入治疗研究进展

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)已广泛应用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人,临床疗效良好。它可分为直接PCI、立即PCI、延迟PCI、挽救性PCI等,近年还诞生了易化PCI等新的介入治疗方法。本文就上述介入治疗方法的最新进展作一综述。     

99mTc-MIBI门控心肌断层显像在冠状动脉支架术后的临床价值

目的:探讨99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)门控心肌断层显像(G-MPI)在冠状动脉支架术后疗效评价、判断再狭窄以及预后评估的临床价值。方法:78例患者,冠状动脉支架术后3～12个月内均行G-MPI,其中31例有术前对照。33例复查冠状动脉造影(CAG)。随访13～24个月。结果:①31例复查G-MPI24例心肌灌注有改善,改善率为77.4%。②31例术后静息G-MPI所测左室射血分数(LVEF)较术前由(42.6±8.6)%上升至(49.7%±6.4)%,P<0.05;舒张末期容积(EDV)和收缩末期容积(ESV)分别由(158.2±55.3)ml、(92.6±44.9)ml明显下降到(133.9±39.9)ml、(71.2±28.7)ml,P均<0.01。③33例复查CAG患者,G-MPI对再狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性为82.3%、85.0%、84.8%。④随访心脏事件发生率术后G-MPI灌注改善组(1.9%)与异常组(28.6%)之间有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:G-MPI对冠心病血运重建术后疗效评价、判断再狭窄以及预后评估具有重要的临床价值。     

气管侧切扩大气管造瘘口预防喉全切除后颈部造瘘口狭窄(附33例报告)

目的：研究预防喉全切除术后气管造瘘口狭窄的方法。方法：33例患者喉全切除后采用改良的造瘘口方法，即将气管残端双侧纵行剪开，长约2cm，于气管造瘘口下方皮肤设计三角形皮瓣，嵌入缝合。结果：所有患者术后3个月均不再带管，亦无造瘘口狭窄，无呼吸困难，生活质量显著改善。结论：这种经改良的气管侧切式造瘘口方法可以很好地预防喉全切除术后气管造瘘口狭窄。     

校正TIMI帧数对急性心肌梗死病人支架成形术后的预后评价

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AM／）病人成功冠状动脉介入（Percutaneous coronary intervation，PCI）治疗后，校正TIMI帧数（Corrected TIMI Frame Count，CTFC）与其预后的关系。方法：选取成功PCI术后、梗死相关动脉TIMI血流3级的AMI病人123例，测定CTFC，同时观察住院期间不良事件的发生率及随访1年时死亡率。结果：根据CTFC值将病人分为慢、快两组。慢CTFE组住院期间不良事件发生率及随访1年时死亡率明显高于快CTFC组，两组具有显著性差异（P值分别为〈0．01和〈0．05）。结论：CTFC可有效评价成功PCI术后病人近、远期预后，有助于对此类病人进行进一步的危险度分层，以指导治疗。     

痹痛宁贴剂的制备及体外释放、透皮吸收研究

目的:制备痹痛宁贴剂(洋金花、麝香、樟脑等)并研究其体外释药性能和透皮吸收行为.方法:以水溶性高分子材料为基质制备痹痛宁贴剂,采用高效毛细管电泳法测定制剂中东莨菪碱的含量.按中国药典方法进行了体外释放度的测定,利用Franz扩散池研究了贴剂的透皮吸收行为.结果:制备的痹痛宁贴剂含量稳定,体外释药符合Higuchi方程,释放速率为0.4698mg·cm-2·h-1/2.其透皮吸收为零级动力学过程,渗透速率为0.067mg·cm-2·h-1.结论:痹痛宁贴剂为皮肤控释型透皮给药系统.     

中药经皮给药脂质体的研究与展望

中药经皮给药有悠久的应用历史,脂质体作为新型载体用于中药活性成分的经皮给药可以提升药物在局部的皮内滞留或（和）透皮吸收效果,从而显著改善药效。该文从皮肤屏障的特点、中药经皮给药概况、脂质体促进经皮吸收的机制与影响因素、中药经皮给药脂质体的皮内滞留、中药经皮给药脂质体的透皮吸收等5个方面对相关研究进展进行了综述,涉及常规脂质体以及传递体、醇质体、萜质体、甘油体、表面修饰脂质体等新型脂质体的应用,并提出了坚持正确的研究方向、提升制剂技术水平和提高研究技术水平三方面的展望。      

经皮肾一步扩张法在结石所致梗阻性肾功能不全中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮肾一步扩张法在结石性梗阻性肾功能不全中的临床效果.方法 选择我院2009年7月～2011年7月因结石所致上尿路梗阻,合并梗阻性肾积液、肾功能不全患者68例,随机分为一步扩张法( One-step)组和逐步式(Multi- step)组分别行经皮肾穿刺微造瘘引流术,每组各34例.One-step组在超声引导下一步式经皮肾穿刺微造瘘(PCN)直接穿刺引流,Multi-step组采用传统Seldinger法逐级扩张经皮肾通道实施造瘘引流.对比观察两组患者建立经皮肾通道的手术时间、术中出血量、成功率、术后并发症及肾功能的变化情况.结果 One-step组手术时间、扩张次数、术中出血量均少于Multi-step组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).One-step组一次穿刺置入造瘘管的成功率明显高于Multi-step组,而术后并发症发生率明显低于multi-step组,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).两组患者术后肾功能明显改善,术后2周尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)与术前相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.05),但术后2周两组间BUN、Cr比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 一步扩张法经皮肾穿刺微造瘘操作简便、创伤小、出血量少和并发症少,有助于改善梗阻性肾功能不全.     

How safe is percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of thyroid nodule? report of a case of severe toxic necrosis of the larynx and adjacent skin

Objective—Since 1990, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) has been clinically applied as a treatment for autonomous functioning nodules of the thyroid as well as for cystic lesions. Some additional indications are currently under consideration, e.g. inoperable advanced cancer of the thyroid. Since its inception, PEIT has generally been regarded as an effective, low-risk, inexpensive procedure which can be performed on an ambulatory basis.

Material and Methods—We report the first case of severe ethyl toxic necrosis of the larynx combined with necrotic dermatitis in a patient treated with PEIT by a radiologist.

Results—The patient was admitted to hospital, where the necrosis and dermatitis were treated conservatively. A cyst which developed in the right false vocal fold was removed by microsurgery 10 months later. Voice was restored almost to normal but a significant reduction in nodular volume was not seen, probably due to the inexperience of the operator.

Conclusion—PEIT for functional thyroid gland autonomy is an inexpensive method of treating hyperthyroidism with focal autonomy on an ambulatory basis if surgical intervention and radioiodine therapy are not feasible either for medical reasons or because of refusal by the patient. Severe complications must be taken into consideration and discussed with the patient. To avoid complications, substantial experience and a precise ultrasound-guided injection are required. In the case of complications the opinion of a specialist should be sought at an early stage.