大鼠咬合创伤早期牙槽骨细胞间通讯状况研究

目的探讨咬合创伤早期大鼠下颌牙槽骨骨组织内细胞间的信息传递情况。方法通过在左侧上颌第一磨牙粘接钢丝建立大鼠咬合创伤实验动物模型,24 h后局麻下分离大鼠双侧下颌牙槽骨组织,提取总RNA,进行包括27 000个基因的全功能组表达谱基因芯片检测,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对芯片结果进行验证,对差异表达基因进行Pathway分析,找出细胞通讯相关通路。结果芯片结果显示,差异基因共有586个,Pathway分析涉及106个不同的信号通路,其中主要涉及包括细胞间黏附分子、黏着连接、缝隙连接、焦点粘连及紧密连接在内的5个细胞间通讯相关通路,且5个通路中主要骨代谢相关细胞因子表达均显著下调。结论咬合创伤早期大鼠牙槽骨组织内细胞间通讯受到抑制。     

丰富环境与脑卒中康复

丰富环境指的是能增加感觉、认知、活动及社交刺激的居住条件。动物实验显示丰富环境引起分子、细胞和行为学上的改变。实验性缺血后饲养于丰富环境可提高功能性结果,修饰基因的活化,改变N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐(NMDA)及α-氨基-3-羧基-5-甲基异恶唑-4-丙酸(AMPA)受体亚单位的表达,增加树突分支和损伤对侧Ⅱ/Ⅲ皮层椎体神经元树突棘的数量。同时,丰富环境可以影响损伤所致神经祖细胞的分化,增加移植干细胞向损伤区域转移。丰富环境理念在脑卒中康复中得到一定应用并越来越得到关注。本文将总结丰富环境对实验性梗死后康复的作用及丰富环境理念在临床中的应用。     

Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction in Chinese patients

Carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is defined as carcinoma that crosses the GEJ line, irrespective of where the tumor epicenter is located. This group of cancer is rare but controversial. Based on study results from the majority of epidemiologic and clinicopathologic investigations carried out in Western countries, this cancer is believed to arise from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and includes both distal esophageal and proximal gastric carcinomas because of similar characteristics in epidemiology, clinicopathology, and molecular pathobiology in relation to BE. As such, the most recent American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual requires staging all GEJ carcinomas with the rule for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). This mandate has been challenged recently by the data from several studies carried out mainly in Chinese patients. The emerging evidence derived from those studies suggests: (1) both BE and EA are uncommon in the Chinese population; (2) almost all GEJ cancers in Chinese arise in the proximal stomach and show the features of proximal gastric cancer, not those of EA; (3) application of the new cancer staging rule to GEJ cancer of Chinese patients cannot stratify patients’ prognosis effectively; and (4) prognostic factors of GEJ cancer in Chinese are similar, but not identical, to those of EA. In conclusion, the recent evidence suggests that GEJ cancer in Chinese shows distinct clinicopathologic characteristics that are different from EA. Further investigations in molecular pathology may help illustrate the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms of this cancer in Chinese patients and better manage patients with this fatal disease.     

The correlation of DIFOTI to clinical and radiographic images in Class II carious lesions

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a study to evaluate the correlation between digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI) (KaVo Dental, Lake Zurich, Ill.) and clinical and radiographic images in estimating the true clinical axial extension of Class II carious lesions. METHODS: The authors examined 51 Class II carious lesions visually, imaged them by means of DIFOTI and radiographed them with D-speed film and a complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS)-based digital radiographic sensor. They validated axial extension of the lesions clinically. They compared the clinical and radiographic depths of the carious lesion with the size of the lesion on the DIFOTI images. RESULTS: The authors detected 84 percent of the lesions with DIFOTI, and 82 percent showed a visible dark shadow under the marginal ridge when examined clinically. DIFOTI correlated significantly with the clinical depth of decay (Pearson r = 0.43189). The combination of a CMOS digital sensor and DIFOTI (R2 = 0.7210) provided readings closer to the clinical measures than did the combination of D-speed film and DIFOTI (R2 = 0.6215). CONCLUSIONS: DIFOTI images correlated with clinical depth, especially in smaller lesions, and improved the estimation of lesion size when used in conjunction with the CMOS digital sensor and D-speed images. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Using radiographs in combination with DIFOTI images could help clinicians determine the presence and, to some extent, the size of proximal caries, especially in smaller lesions.     

小檗碱对酒精性肝炎小鼠“肠漏”的保护作用*

目的 探讨小檗碱（BBR）对酒精性肝炎小鼠“肠漏”的保护作用。方法 将40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、酒精组、BBR组和酒精联合BBR组,饲养8 w。采用ELISA法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和内毒素（LPS）水平。常规行组织病理学和透射电镜检查肝组织学改变和肠上皮细胞间紧密连接（TJ）超微结构。体外培养肠上皮细胞Caco-2,采用免疫荧光法检测经酒精和BBR处理后的细胞间紧密连接主要结构蛋白occludin表达。结果 酒精处理组小鼠血清ALT、AST和LPS水平分别为（46.5± 5.9） U/L、（57.0± 6.1） U/L和（0.40± 0.05） ng/ml,显著高于对照组（P< 0.01）;酒精联合BBR组血清ALT、AST和LPS水平分别为（27.6± 4.2） U/L、（31.8± 4.1） U/L和（0.24± 0.03） ng/ml,均显著低于酒精组（P< 0.05）,而与对照组无显著性差异（P> 0.05）;酒精联合BBR组肝组织细胞变性和炎细胞浸润较酒精干预组明显改善;电镜下,可见酒精处理组小鼠肠上皮细胞间紧密连接结构模糊、缝隙明显增宽,酒精联合BBR组以上改变明显减轻;酒精处理组Caco-2细胞膜occludin分布减少、中断,部分进入胞浆内,酒精联合BBR组分布虽也减少,但仍连续,无中断。结论 小檗碱能改善慢性乙醇摄入诱导的细胞膜occludin减少和上皮细胞间紧密连接结构破坏,改善“肠漏”而具有保护肝脏作用。*基金项目：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(编号：7154194）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（编号：81570536）作者单位：150086 哈尔滨市 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院体检中心（王洪岩）;北京市首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院消化内科（李鑫,迟程,徐有青）第一作者：王洪岩,女,31岁,医学博士,住院医师。主要从事酒精性肝病的防治研究。E-mail: xinglin_freedom@126.com