Unstable Simple Elbow Dislocation Treated with the Repair of Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex

Background

Unstable simple elbow dislocation (USED) repair is challenged by the maintenance of joint reduction; hence, primary repair or reconstruction of disrupted ligaments is required to maintain the congruency and allow early motion of the elbow. We evaluated the effectiveness and the outcome of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex repair with additional medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair in cases of USED.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of diagnosed USED without fractures around the elbow that were treated with primary ligament repair. In all cases, anatomical repair of LCL complex with or without common extensor origin was performed using suture anchor and the bone tunnel method. Next, the instability and congruency of elbow for a full range of motion were evaluated under the image intensifier. MCL was repaired only if unstable or incongruent elbow was observed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and radiographic outcomes on last follow-up images.

Results

All cases achieved a stable elbow on radiographic and clinical results. LCL complex repair alone was sufficient to obtain the stable elbow in 17 of 21 cases. Four cases required additional MCL repair after restoration of the LCL complex. The overall mean MEPS was 91 (range, 70 to 100): excellent in 12 cases, good in 7 cases, and fair in 2 cases. All 17 cases with LCL complex repair only and 2 of 4 cases with additional MCL repair had excellent or good results by MEPS.

Conclusions

USED requires surgical treatment to achieve a congruent and stable joint. If the repair of lateral stabilizer such as LCL complex acquires enough joint stability to maintain a full range of motion, it may not be necessary to repair the medial stabilizer in all cases of USED.     

人工真皮加超薄皮片修复复杂性骨外露创面临床应用

目的应用人工真皮加超薄皮片修复复杂性骨外露创面并评价其疗效。方法选取安徽医科大学第二附属医院整形外科10例非功能部位的骨外露患者,采用人工真皮加超薄皮片移植修复,骨外露面积最大约10 cm ×8 cm,最小约3 cm ×2 cm。结果10例皮片均成活良好,骨外露创面有效修复,愈合良好,供区瘢痕不明显。结论人工真皮加超薄皮片移植修复复杂性骨外露创面,为非功能部位骨外露创面提供一种新的治疗方法。     

Revision of loop colostomy under regional anaesthesia and sedation

Patients presenting for emergency abdominal procedures often have medical issues that cause both general anaesthesia and central neuraxial blockade to pose significant risks. Regional anaesthetic techniques are often used adjunctively for abdominal procedures under general anaesthesia, but there is limited published data on procedures done under peripheral nerve or plexus blocks. We herein report the case of a patient with recent pulmonary embolism and supraventricular tachycardia who required colostomy refashioning. Ultrasonography-guided regional anaesthesia was administered using a combination of ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric, rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks. This was supplemented with propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation as well as intermittent fentanyl and ketamine boluses to cover for visceral stimulation. We discuss the anatomical rationale for the choice of blocks and compare the anaesthetic conduct with similar cases that were previously reported.     

低温冷冻富血小板血浆促进兔颅骨缺损修复效果的观察

目的 观察比较低温冷冻后的富血小板血浆(PRP)在兔颅骨缺损修复中的效果.方法 将15只体质量为2.5kg的健康新西兰雄性大白兔,沿兔颅顶中线制备3个骨缺损孔,分别植入-80℃低温冷冻自体PRP凝胶+羟基磷灰石/磷酸三钙复合体(HAP/TCP),(实验孔)、生理盐水+HAP/TCP(空白孔)、新鲜自体PRP凝胶+HAP/TCP(对照孔),于术后4周、8周和12周时分别处死5只并通过大体观察、X线检查、组织学观察及CT值测量等方法比较低温冷冻PRP对兔颅骨缺损修复的影响.结果 术后4周、8周时,实验孔及对照孔成骨质量明显优于空白孔,两组CT值均较空白孔高[术后4周时实验孔、对照孔、空白孔分别为(376.8±50.41)、(414±71.41)、(94.42±37.02),术后8周时分别为(750.46±91.26)、(682.22±111.53)、(444.04±47.12)],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而术后4周、8周时实验孔CT值与对照孔比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后12周时,实验孔、对照孔和空白孔的成骨质量差异不明显,各孔间CT值差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PRP经低温冷冻保存后仍然和新鲜PRP一样,具有早期促进骨缺损修复的效果.     

改装滚轮微针促进人增生性瘢痕皮肤对醋酸曲安奈德的吸收

目的考察改装滚轮微针在人增生性瘢痕皮肤中对醋酸曲安奈德的促透作用。方法采用亚甲蓝和H-E染色法观察不同针长的微针刺入人增生性瘢痕皮肤的形态;建立高效液相色谱法测定醋酸曲安奈德含量;采用洗脱法、匀浆法分别考察给药1、12h时增生性瘢痕皮肤醋酸曲安奈德在体吸收特性;采用经皮水分流失(TEWL)测量法、激光多普勒血流量法考察其皮肤刺激性。结果所优选的针长500μm滚轮微针能有效穿透角质层,形成的微孔分布相对均匀;微针处理1、12h后,分别有27.42%、60.64%药物吸收进入皮肤。给药12h,皮内注射醋酸曲安奈德皮肤中滞留药量较给药1h下降至45.98%,而微针、直接涂布醋酸曲安奈德乳膏分别增加到2.73、4.18倍,微针组皮肤中滞留药量是直接涂布乳膏组的3.56倍(P<0.05)。皮内注射12h皮肤药量分布并不均匀,均值为(4.83±5.51)μg,微针组均值为(0.93±0.14)μg,分布相对均匀。TEWL法显示微针处理与皮内注射的皮肤刺激性差异无统计学意义,但激光多普勒血流量法显示皮内注射的皮肤刺激性是微针处理的8.40倍。结论改装滚轮微针处理后涂布醋酸曲安奈德乳膏较皮内注射醋酸曲安奈德在人增生性瘢痕中吸收均匀、皮肤刺激性较小,但其瘢痕治疗效果尚有待进一步验证。     

Identification and validation of functional gastrointestinal disorder subtypes using latent class analysis: a population-based study

Objective: Attempts to categorize distinct functional gastrointestinal disorders based on reported symptoms continue but symptoms frequently overlap. The study objective was to use latent class analysis (LCA) which accommodates both continuous and discrete manifest variables to determine mutually exclusive subgroup assignments of a population-based sample using gastrointestinal symptom and patient data.

Materials and methods: A validated bowel disease questionnaire and somatic symptom questionnaire were mailed to an age and gender stratified randomly selected community sample. Responses to the symptom questions were dichotomized as frequent vs. infrequent based on Rome IV criteria. A LCA model was developed using a calibration subset and the results applied to the validation subset.

Results: There were 3831 total respondents (48%) with 3425 having complete data. The LCA algorithm was run for each of 10 (random) splits of the dataset and 2–6 latent classes were specified. Using the values of Akaike’s Information Criterion coefficient c to determine fit of the data, 4 latent classes yielded better values resulting in four subgroups: ‘asymptomatic,’ ‘upper’ abdominal symptoms, ‘lower’ abdominal symptoms, and ‘mixed’ (upper and lower abdomen).

Conclusions: Latent class analysis identified 4 groups based on symptoms. This approach resulted in differentiation by anatomical region rather than the Rome IV classification of symptoms.     

Design principles of chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery

Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) are present in a large number of transdermal, dermatological, and cosmetic products to aid dermal absorption of curatives and aesthetics. This wide spectrum of use is based on only a handful of molecules, the majority of which belong to three to four typical chemical functionalities, sporadically introduced as CPEs in the last 50 years. Using >100 CPEs representing several chemical functionalities, we report on the fundamental mechanisms that determine the barrier disruption potential of CPEs and skin safety in their presence. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that regardless of their chemical make-up, CPEs perturb the skin barrier via extraction or fluidization of lipid bilayers. Irritation response of CPEs, on the other hand, correlated with the denaturation of stratum corneum proteins, making it feasible to use protein conformation changes to map CPE safety in vitro. Most interestingly, the understanding of underlying molecular forces responsible for CPE safety and potency reveals inherent constraints that limit CPE performance. Reengineering this knowledge back into molecular structure, we designed >300 potential CPEs. These molecules were screened in silico and subsequently tested in vitro for molecular delivery. These molecules significantly broaden the repertoire of CPEs that can aid the design of optimized transdermal, dermatological, and cosmetic formulations in the future.     

Intestinal evisceration resulting from a motor vehicle accident

Presented is the case of a motor vehicle accident (MVA) victim with hypotension and evisceration of small intestine. Vigorous resuscitation in the emergency department was required, after which a portion of small bowel was resected at laparotomy. Evisceration secondary to trauma in an MVA is a rare injury. Significant blood loss occurs. Although abdominal sepsis did not occur in our case, this is a complication for which the patient must be monitored closely.     

生长激素在神经系统疾病治疗中的作用

生长激素的生理作用主要是促进物质代谢与生长发育。研究表明,生长激素对机体各器官和各组织均有影响,在神经系统疾病的神经再生和神经保护过程中,生长激素也起到了一定的作用。本文总结生长激素治疗常见神经系统疾时所起的作用以及可能的机制。     

Rare presentation of multi-organ abdominal echinococcosis: report of a case and review of literature

Hydatid disease, which is also known as cystic echinococcosis, is a zoonotic infection caused by the cestode tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and rarely by Echinococcus multilocularis. In this report we describe an unusual case of a 19-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed multi-organ abdominal echinococcosis. The patient recovered after undergoing surgery to excise the cyst. The diagnosis, clinical features, treatment, and prevention in this case of multi-organ abdominal echinococcosis are discussed, in light of the relevant literature.