可吸收修复胶原联合银离子敷料治疗供皮区创面的疗效

 目的 观察可吸收修复胶原联合银离子敷料治疗供皮区创面的临床效果。方法 选取2016-07至2018-12医院收治的100例自体皮移植患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例,治疗组采用可吸收修复胶原联合银离子敷料治疗供皮区创面,对照组采用传统凡士林纱布治疗。观察供皮区创面换药时疼痛程度、创面感染率、愈合时间,以及创面愈合后瘢痕指标评定。结果 治疗组供皮区创面换药时疼痛分数在术后3、6、9 d分别为6.24±2.23,4.13±2.37,1.49±1.31,显著低于对照组的7.73±2.14,5.24±1.59,2.43±1.66(P<0.05);治疗组供皮区创面感染率为2%,较对照组14%显著降低(P<0.05);治疗组创面愈合时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组创面愈合后3、6、9个月温哥华瘢痕量表评分较对照组显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 可吸收修复胶原联合银离子敷料治疗供皮区创面相比于传统凡士林纱布治疗是一种更优越的方式,适合临床推广使用。     

右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者术后肾功能的影响

 目的 探讨右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者术后肾功能的影响。方法 选择2015-01至2017-12择期亲属供肾术者40例,随机分为右美托咪啶组和对照组,各20例。右美托咪啶组供肾者麻醉诱导前10~15 min静脉泵入右美托咪啶1 μg/kg,继以0.5 μg/(kg·h)维持,手术结束前30 min停药;对照组供肾者按右美托咪啶组静脉泵入等量的生理盐水。于麻醉诱导前(T₁)、术毕即刻(T₂)、术后24 h(T₃)、术后48 h(T₄)采血检测TNFα、IL-6和IL-10的浓度。监测术前、术后24 h及48 h血清尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(Cr)浓度。结果 右美托咪啶组较对照组术后24 h和48 h血清BUN[24 h, (6.41±1.23) mmol/L vs (9.24±1.25) mmol/L; 48 h, (6.62±1.30) mmol/L vs (8.41±2.4) mmol/L]和Cr[24 h, (98.2±4.7) μmol/L vs (111.4±5.1) μmol/L; 48 h, (104.4±6.2) μmol/L vs (119.5±8.2) μmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05)。T₂-T₄时右美托咪啶组与对照组比较,血清TNF-α和IL-6浓度均明显降低,而IL-10的浓度明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 一定剂量的右美托咪啶对活体亲属供肾者手术后早期具有肾功能保护作用。     

Carrying out common DNA donor analysis using DBLR™ on two or five-cell mini-mixture subsamples for improved discrimination power in complex DNA mixtures

Probabilistic genotyping systems are able to analyse complex mixed DNA profiles and show good power to discriminate contributors from non-contributors. However, the abilities of the statistical analyses are still unavoidably bound by the quality of information being analysed. If a profile has a high number of contributors, or a contributor that is present in trace amounts, then the amount of information about those individuals in the DNA profile is limited. Recent work has shown the ability to gain better resolution of the genotypes of contributors to complex profiles using cell subsampling. This is the process of taking many sets of a limited number of cells and individually profiling each set. These ‘mini-mixtures’ can provide greater information about the genotypes of underlying contributors. In our work we take the resulting profiles from multiple subsamplings of complex DNA profiles in equal amounts and show how testing for, and then assuming, a common DNA donor can further improve the ability to resolve the genotypes of contributors. Using direct cell sub-sampling and statistical analysis software DBLR™, we were able to recover single source profiles of uploadable quality from five out of the six contributors of an equally proportioned mixture. Through the analysis of mixtures in this work we provide a template for carrying out common donor analysis for maximum effect.     

Prognostic value of proton MR spectroscopy of cerebral hemisphere tumors in children

We studied 14 young people with newly diagnosed hemisphere tumors, aged from 3 to 20 years (average 10 years). All underwent surgery following MR imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). The tumors studied were three glioblastomas, one each of ganglio-glioblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), rhabdoid teratoid tumor, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, and gliomatosis cerebri, and four gangliogliomas. Four patients died; ten patients are alive (five with stable residual tumor, five with no evident tumor). Images and spectra were acquired on a 1.5-T imager. Proton MRS was performed before gadolinium injection in all but one case. Single-voxel techniques were utilized in all cases, using a spin-echo or STEAM sequence with a long echo time (135 or 270 ms). Peak areas of N -acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) were assessed. The NAA/Cho peak-area ratio was very low in the patients who died (mean ± s. d. 0.20 ± 0.14), and higher in the patients who are alive (0.74 ± 0.47; P = 0.007 by two-tailed t -test). The Cr/Cho peak-area ratio also followed a similar trend for the two groups (mean ± s. d. 0.17 ± 0.07 and 0.49 ± 0.30, respectively; P = 0.01 by two-tailed t -test). Received: 3 February 1997 Accepted: 3 February 1997     

Living-unrelated kidney donation: a single-center experience

For 140 consecutive renal transplants performed from January 1995 to October 1997, 25 (18%) were from living-unrelated donors (15 women, 10 men, aged 25–63, mean 43 yr). All donors had pre-transplant imaging evaluation of renal anatomy following renal function assessment (minimal creatinine clearance 75 cm³/min). Admission to the hospital on the day of donation preceded nephrectomy under general anesthesia using an anterior flank, extra-retroperitoneal approach (no rib resection). Post-operative epidural pain control was used for all but 1 donor. The 25 kidney donors were hospitalized for 2 (n=1), 3 (n=12), 4 (n=7), or 5–8 d (n=5) (average 3.9 d) and had a mean hospitalization charge of $15 501 (range $10 808–$29 579). One intra-operative hemorrhage required transfusion; 1 late neural-related pain syndrome required outpatient wound exploration. Two kidneys were lost: a husband recipient from repetitive acute rejections at 3 months; a friend recipient from chronic rejection at 2.5 yr; both await cadaver transplant. The other 23 kidneys are functioning with a mean serum creatinine of 1.8 (range 1.0–3.3) at 3–36 months (patient survival 100%; graft survival 92%). While most donors were spouses (8 husbands and 10 wives), friends, distant cousins, in-laws, and adoptive relatives did well as donors and recipients. Transplantation may increase by 20% or more at centers which encourage broad application of living donor nephrectomy.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting in children using patient-controlled analgesia: the effect of prophylactic intravenous dixyrazine

BACKGROUND: Although patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine provides a high degree of satisfactory postoperative analgesia in children, it is often associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Our aim in this study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of dixyrazine, a phenothiazine with proven anti-emetic properties. METHODS: The incidence of nausea and vomiting was studied in 60 children using PCA after major surgery. The patients were randomised to receive either dixyrazine 0.25 mg kg-1 or placebo on the induction of anaesthesia in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The anaesthetic technique was standardised. The PCA pump was programmed to deliver bolus doses of morphine of 20 micrograms kg-1 with a continuous background infusion of 8-10 micrograms kg-1 h-1. Nausea, vomiting, sedation and pain scores were noted every 3 h for a period of 24 h. RESULTS: The morphine consumption of morphine was the same in both groups. During the stay in the recovery room the incidence of vomiting was 3% in the dixyrazine group compared to 30% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). On the ward, 57% versus 83% of the children vomited (P < 0.05). Rescue antiemetics were significantly lower, 30%, in the dixyrazine group compared to 60% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Higher sedation scores were recorded for the dixyrazine group in the recovery room. No other adverse effects were found. CONCLUSION: A significant number of children using PCA with morphine after major surgery experience PONV. Although prophylactic dixyrazine reduces the incidence and severity of vomiting, the incidence still remains high.     

Cutaneous and histopathological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatrics: A review article

Prevalence of dermatological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is estimated between 0.25% and 3% in children and adolescents. In this review article, we decided to describe the cutaneous and histopathological manifestations of COVID‐19 infection in pediatrics. We searched published articles in PubMed database for key words of “children” or “pediatric” and “cutaneous” or “dermatology” or “skin” and “COVID‐19” or “SARS‐CoV‐2” or “Coronavirus disease 2019” in abstract or title from December of 2019 until September 2020. Finally, 38 articles were selected. The majority of patients were between 11 and 17 years old with predominantly male gender. Most of the patients were either asymptomatic or had a few general symptoms. The latency time from appearance of general symptoms to cutaneous ones was between 1 day and weeks. Skin lesions faded between 3 and 88 days without any sequelae, spontaneously or with either topical or systemic corticosteroids. Skin manifestations were chilblain‐like (pseudochilblain), erythema multiforme‐like, dactylitis, acral erythema, acute urticaria, livedo reticularis, mottling, acro‐ischemia, generalized maculopapular lesions, eyelid dermatitis, miliaria‐like, varicelliform lesions, and petechiae and/or purpura. Kawa‐COVID‐19 patients were presented more frequently with cardiogenic shock, neurological symptoms, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia as compared to classic Kawasaki's disease. Furthermore, more number of cases were resistant to the first‐line treatments.     

Hitting a moving target: Basic mechanisms of recovery from acquired developmental brain injury

Acquired brain injuries represent a major cause of disability in the pediatric population. Understanding responses to developmental acquired brain injuries requires knowledge of the neurobiology of normal development, age-at-injury effects and experience-dependent neuroplasticity. In the developing brain, full recovery cannot be considered as a return to the premorbid baseline, since ongoing maturation means that cerebral functioning in normal individuals will continue to advance. Thus, the recovering immature brain has to ‘hit a moving target’ to achieve full functional recovery, defined as parity with age-matched uninjured peers. This review will discuss the consequences of developmental injuries such as focal lesions, diffuse hypoxia and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Underlying cellular and physiological mechanisms relevant to age-at-injury effects will be described in considerable detail, including but not limited to alterations in neurotransmission, connectivity/network functioning, the extracellular matrix, response to oxidative stress and changes in cerebral metabolism. Finally, mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity will be reviewed in conjunction with their effects on neural repair and recovery.