Surgical treatment of advanced heart failure: alternatives to heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory assist devices

Although orthotopic heart transplantation is the gold standard for definitive surgical treatment of end-stage heart failure, other operative therapies exist for dealing with severe systolic left ventricular dysfunction. The choice of surgical intervention depends on the etiology and functional characteristics of the patient's ventricular dysfunction. In patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, surgical revascularization improves survival. Patients with mitral regurgitation experience significant functional improvement from mitral valve repair and replacement. In patients with aortic valve dysfunction, aortic valve replacement results in improved survival and functional status. Although surgical ventricular reconstruction is controversial, significant data exist suggesting that it is an effective therapy in a subset of patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Finally, passive restraint devices are effective at halting further ventricular dilation. Although cardiac surgery in patients with severe ventricular dysfunction can be complicated by significant morbidity and mortality, experienced centers have demonstrated acceptable outcomes in carefully selected patients.     

妥泰治疗难治性部分性癫痫临床研究

目的 探讨妥泰治疗难治性部分性癫痫的临床疗效和安全性.方法 用妥泰治疗50例难治性部分性癫痫患者,记录其疗效和不良反应.结果 完全控制24例(48%),总有效率为92%;总不良反应发生例数14例(28%);经秩和检验治疗后总体病情级别低于治疗前(H=23.7,P<0.05).治疗后患者QOLIE-31评分、DST评分均...     

义齿清洁剂临床使用情况调查分析

目的调查义齿清洁剂的使用情况,为口腔健康教育提供依据。方法以就诊于四川大学华西口腔医院的172例可摘局部义齿戴用者为对象,问卷调查其对可摘局部义齿清洁剂的使用情况及义齿清洁方法,并对调查结果进行分析。结果 172例答卷者中仅有13.96%的患者佩戴活动义齿后使用了义齿清洁剂,而有86.04%的患者均未使用义齿清洁剂,甚至有3.49%的患者从不清洁义齿并且不知道什么是义齿清洁剂。患者受教育程度与义齿清洁剂的使用有一定关系。结论可摘局部义齿戴用者的义齿清洁剂使用意识有待提高,应对这类患者进行义齿正确清洁方法的教育,以提高其使用义齿清洁剂的自觉性和比例。     

Rehabilitation strategies for partially edentulousprosthodontic principles and current trends

The prosthetic considerations for treatment of partially edentulous patients involve evaluation of important aspects such as presence of certain functional or skeletal deficits, orientation of the occlusal plane, free-way space, size and location of edentulous areas, number, strategic location and quality of the likely abutment teeth, vertical dimension, and the type of occlusion.A comprehensive evaluation, multidisciplinary approach and a sequential treatment plan, worked out in harmony with the patient's perceptions are important factors to ensure a successful outcome. This article discusses the principles, current trends and importance of clinical decisions in designing a treatment strategy when confronted with complex situations of partial edentulism.     

颈内动脉内注射丙泊酚定侧语言区和评价半球记忆功能

目的 在目前阿米妥普遍缺乏的背景下,探讨应用丙泊酚替代阿米妥进行颈内动脉注射进行Wada试验,定侧语言区和评价半球记忆功能的价值.方法 14例拟接受外科治疗的药物难治性部分性癫痫患者纳入本研究.在数字减影脑血管造影条件下,通过双侧颈内动脉分别注射丙泊酚,以麻醉半球对侧肢体肌力达到0级以及患者出现向对侧凝视作为药物充分显效的标志.观察患者麻醉后即刻出现的语言改变,并在获取患者注意力后,依次给予视觉和听觉记忆任务,待肌力完全恢复后,给予任务再认,从而评价麻醉半球的语言功能和记忆功能,并记录患者的不适表现.结果 14例患者均成功定侧了语言半球,其中3例为双侧语言半球,9例为左侧语言优势半球,2例为右侧语言优势半球.同时评价了13例患者的半球记忆功能,拟切除颞叶内侧对侧半球均能维持67％以上记忆功能.在药物注射后观察到注射同侧眼痛、面部肌肉痉挛,发笑,对侧肢体不自主运动,均为一过性表现.结论 颈内动脉注射丙泊酚能安全有效地定侧语言半球和评价半球记忆功能.丙泊酚可以作为一种可选择的药物进行Wada试验.     

存放时间和温度对凝血功能指标检测结果的影响

目的 探讨标本放置时间和温度对凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FⅠB)等凝血指标检测结果的影响.方法 选取抗凝静脉血标本50例,血浆用于立即测定凝血4项指标和在室温放置2 h、4 h、6 h和24 h后测定凝血4项指标;并分别于室温、-4 ℃和-20 ℃下保存24 h后测定凝血4项指标.抗凝血室温放置2 h,离心分离血浆后即刻进行凝血指标检测.采用血液凝固仪测定研究指标,采用随机单位组设计资料方差分析比较各组间差异.结果 与留取即刻检测相比,血浆放置2 h APTT、PT、TT和FⅠB等各种指标水平均无明显差异;血浆标本放置4 h开始,APTT、PT和TT等指标出现明显延长,且变化程度随放置时间延长加重,FⅠB水平无明显改变;抗凝血标本放置2 h留取的血浆标本各指标均有明显变化.-4 ℃下血浆标本保存24 h APTT、PT、TT和FⅠB等指标测定结果未出现明显改变,-20 ℃下24 h APTT出现明显延长.结论 对于凝血功能4项指标的测定,采集标本后应及时送检和尽快分离血浆.常温下血浆标本应在2 h内完成测定;-4 ℃下血浆标本保存24 h PT、APTT、TT和FⅠB等指标测定结果未受影响,低温保存应注意避免标本冻融过程.     

“30-60-90”规则在新生儿氧疗中的应用

目的 观察采用“30-60-90”规则滴定调节新生儿吸入氧浓度的相关指标变化.方法 选择需要吸氧的新生儿100例,其中早产儿50例,足月儿50例,用脉搏血氧饱和度监测仪监测脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2);采用“30-60-90”规则按照目标SpO2滴定调节吸入氧浓度,稳定半小时后进行血气分析;计算符合要求的调节成功率,用双变量相关分析对SpO2和动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)进行相关性分析.结果 达到PaO2目标范围的调节成功率早产儿为88％,足月儿为92％,平均为90％.经相关分析,早产儿组SpO2和SaO2,以及SpO2和PaO2之间均存在正相关关系(r值分别为0.765,0.593;P =0.000);足月儿组SpO2和SaO2,以及SpO2和PaO2之间均存在正相关关系(r值分别为0.778,0.726;P=0.000).早产儿SpO2和SaO2数值均低于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.175,-2.409;P ＜0.05);两组之间PaO2数值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 “30-60-90”规则是十分方便和有效的床边指导新生儿氧疗的规则,值得推广实施.     

Physiological and clinical outcomes associated with use of one-way speaking valves on tracheostomised patients: A systematic review

BackgroundThe one way speaking valve was first engineered in 1985 to allow patients with tracheostomies to communicate. The research has indicated alternative physiological benefits of using a speaking valve, however this literature has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for one-way speaking valve in a range of physiological domains, including vital signs, aspiration, olfaction, ventilation and tracheostomy weaning, length of stay, and quality of life.MethodsA literature search was conducted in September 2017. Studies were eligible if they compared the use of a one-way speaking valve against no speaking valve, across any physiological or clinical parameter.Results16 eligible studies were included in this review. A meta-analysis random-effect model (I² = 71.96, p = 0.006) found reduced instances of aspiration with a speaking valve in situ, compared to without a speaking valve in situ (OR 0.122; 95% confidence interval, 0.031–0.479; p = 0.003). Statically significant results were also found across the domains of olfaction, secretion management and ventilation.ConclusionThere is emerging evidence of additional benefits for using speaking valves. Further studies should focus on clinical outcomes that have the potential to reduce healthcare costs as well as patient outcomes.