关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉复位固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折*

目的探讨在关节镜下经髌腱入路,利用空心拉力螺钉复位固定胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折(TEFx)的安全性和有效性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月23例TEFx的患者,均在关节镜下经髌腱入路,用空心拉力螺钉复位固定。术前Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型5例;男17例,女6例;年龄16～53岁,平均27.8岁。术前前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阳性。比较术前术后的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Lysholm、Tegner和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分评价患侧膝关节功能。结果 23例患者均得到随访,随访时间30～40个月,平均36个月。术后即刻X线片示TEFx均复位良好,术后3个月骨折均愈合。无1例感染、关节僵硬、伸直受限、复位丢失及神经血管损伤等并发症。最终随访患侧膝关节活动度均恢复正常,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阴性。VAS评分术前(4.8±1.2)分,最终随访为(1.2±0.8)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=18.72,P=0.003);Lysholm评分术前为(50.8±6.2)分,最终随访为(90.8±5.4)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-42.64,P=0.000);Tegner评分术前为(4.0±1.0)分,最终随访为(5.1±1.2)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.82,P=0.005);IKDC主观评分术前为(52.5±7.4)分,最终随访为(91.5±5.7)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-40.58,P=0.000)。结论膝关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗TEFx具有微创、操作简捷、固定可靠和恢复快的优点。     

生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨矿含量影响的研究

目的从基因分子水平探讨酒精性骨质疏松(alcoholic osteoporosis,AOP)大鼠的发病机制,观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)表达的影响,探讨生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠模型的中药防治作用机理。方法选取成年雄性(清洁级)SD大鼠120只,称体重,随机分为4组,每组各30只,用白酒灌胃法造模,同时分别给予生理盐水、碳酸钙阿法D3、生髓健骨胶囊灌胃给药。于造模8、12、16周末取材,检测股骨上端BMD、BMC指标。结果检测造模干预8、12、16周后BMD、BMC指标变化,模型组BMD、BMC与正常组比较明显降低,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),结果表明饮酒大鼠确实存在骨量减少,BMD、BMC降低;中药干预组BMD、BMC与模型组相比显著升高(P0.01);中药干预组BMD、BMC与西药对照组相比,明显升高(P0.05)。结论通过观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠的实验指标,证明了生髓健骨胶囊能够提高AOP大鼠骨密度,增加骨矿含量,抑制矿物质丢失,改善大鼠的骨代谢。     

Development of a Core Outcome Set for studies evaluating the effects of anaesthesia on perioperative morbidity and mortality following hip fracture surgery

Background

Perioperative studies of patients following hip fracture have large heterogeneity within their reported outcomes. This study aimed to develop a core outcome set for use in perioperative studies comparing the types of anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery.

Validity and reliability of the Unified Classification System applied to periprosthetic femur fractures: a comparison with the Vancouver system

Abstract

Objective: The Unified Classification System (UCS) presents itself as an evolution of the Vancouver Classification (VCS) for the evaluation of periprosthetic fractures of the proximal femur (PPF). The aim of our study was to highlight any loss of reproducibility or validity of the new classification system, compared to the previous one.

Material and methods: We tested the interobserver and intraobserver agreement using 40 PPF clinical cases. Each classifying subtype of the UCS and VCS was present in at least two cases. Six experienced hip surgeons (Senior Surgeon, SS) and 5 surgeons in training (Junior Surgeon, JS) classified the clinical cases, using VCS and UCS. The validity of both classifications was then tested with intraoperative surveys.

Results: The mean κ value for interobserver agreement for the VCS in the JS group was 0.65 and 0.81 for the SS group. The mean κ value for interobserver agreement for the UCS in the JS group was 0.63 and 0.65 for the SS group. The mean κ value for intraobserver agreement for the VCS in the JS group was 0.71 and 0.73 for the SS group. The mean κ value for intraobserver agreement for the UCS in the JS group was 0.72 and 0.7 for the SS group. Validity analysis showed a moderate agreement for the VCS and a good agreement for the UCS.

Conclusion: The UCS completes the Vancouver classification, expanding it. It is reliable, despite the increase in classification categories and number of parameters to evaluate, with a slightly higher validity.     

锁定接骨板治疗累及肱骨距的肱骨近端骨折：有效支撑、并发症和功能恢复

文题释义： 肱骨距：为肱骨头下方内侧壁的一段骨皮质区域，位于肱骨头下内侧及背侧区，该区域含有较多的骨小梁，肱骨近端三、四部分骨折时常累及肱骨距，而“距螺钉”放置在该区域能支撑肱骨头，维持内侧柱稳定。肱骨距概念的提出是为了更好地治疗肱骨近端骨折，因此很好的理解肱骨距的重要性及了解肱骨距粉碎的形态对于治疗肱骨近端骨折非常重要。 内侧柱支撑：肱骨近端骨折常伴有肱骨距粉碎，Philos钢板固定后，容易出现肱骨头坏死、螺钉穿出关节面等并发症，通过使用特殊的距螺钉置入肱骨距区域或使用同种异体腓骨髓内支撑，能给肱骨近端内侧柱提供有效支撑，防止术后肱骨头内翻等并发症的发生。 背景：肱骨近端骨折的保头治疗是创伤骨科的难点，而如何获得内侧柱支撑是近年研究的热点。 目的：总结肱骨距的一般概念、临床意义及作用、常见的损伤原因、钢板固定治疗进展，以期提高临床医师对肱骨距的认识，减少手术并发症的发生。 方法：由第一作者检索2004至2019年万方、知网、维普、PubMed、Web of science、Springer Link等数据库收录的关于肱骨近端内侧壁治疗及研究进展的相关文献。英文检索词为“proximal humeral fracture，Philos，infermedial screw，calcar screw，fibularallograft，middle support”，中文检索词为“肱骨近端骨折，肱骨距，内侧柱，钢板，腓骨移植”，同时对文章中参考文献进行人工检索。按照纳入排除标准最终共纳入51篇文献进行综述。 结果与结论：①目前对于肱骨距的范围定义仍不明确，累及肱骨距的骨折目前无统一的分型标准，X射线片显示的肱骨距损伤模式常常与骨折实际情况不符，累及肱骨距的骨折往往是复杂的骨折。临床医师对肱骨距认识、重视程度不够是引起肱骨距损伤和未能得到很好修复的主要原因；②钢板治疗仍是肱骨近端骨折的首选，对于“可修复性内侧壁”，根据肱骨距损伤情况决定重建内侧柱方式，使用距螺钉、同种异体腓骨髓内植骨、骨水泥增强、内侧钢板都是可行的方法，术中实现内侧壁解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑能帮助减少术后并发症，而内侧钢板的使用需要更多研究进一步验证，肩袖修复对内侧柱支撑也是至关重要的；③肱骨距的范围需要达成统一的观点，充分了解肱骨距的重要性对于肱骨近端骨折治疗至关重要。术前应详细了解肱骨距的骨折模式，选择最佳手术方式，术中实现内侧壁的解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑可减少骨折术后并发症，术中肩袖的良好修复也是患者取得较好功能很重要的一环。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5163-1529(徐鹏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Diseño y evaluación de un modelo de simulación de fractura de pene

ObjectiveTo design and assess a novel penile fracture simulation model for teaching penile fracture repair.MethodsWe used a validated circumcision simulator to create a model. Foreskin for a circumcision was divided into two halves. A transverse slit (“simulated fracture”) was created on one part of the first half of the foreskin (mimicking “tunica”) and was applied over the penile model. A red jelly tablet (“clot”) was placed underneath the cut. A second full-length of foreskin was applied over it to cover the defect. The model was assessed by participants and expert faculty at the Urology Simulation Boot Camp. Evaluation was performed using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics V25. The intra-class correlation was calculated using a “One-way random model”.ResultsTwenty-two urology trainees and four experts participated in the evaluation. The majority of trainees strongly agreed (59%, n = 13) the model is useful for training with experts similarly agreeing in 75% of cases. The appearance of penile fracture was considered good by both trainees (68%, n = 14) and faculty (75%). Overall, the ability of the model to represent a realistic simulation of the task was considered excellent by 23% of participants and good by 64%. Personal confidence after simulation in managing a similar situation was considered high among trainees. The main difficulties reported were related to fascial planes and urethra.ConclusionThis is the first simulation model for penile fracture repair and has demonstrated face validity at a national urology bootcamp.     

Fractures of the humeral shaft

Fractures of the humeral shaft are relatively common and can occur in any a variety of age groups, and due to a variety of mechanisms of injury. The anatomy of the humeral shaft is vital to understand, to be able to plan management of these fractures: the intricate relationship of the radial nerve with the humeral shaft in particular, plays an important role in these fractures. Though non-operative measures are commonly employed for humeral shaft fractures routinely, there are some indications for operative management. There remain a variety of operative interventions available to a surgeon, all with pros and cons associated. This review aims to look in detail at the anatomy of the humeral shaft, the types and sites of fractures, the evidence and surgical methodology of the most common surgical interventions, including a discussion about the surgical complications, particularly a radial nerve palsy.