18F-FDG PET/CT在骨感染中应用的研究进展

部分类型骨感染具有病程长、治疗困难、预后差等特点,早期而准确的诊断非常重要,传统影像学检查对其诊断效果不佳。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT是功能显像的一种,逐渐被广泛应用于感染性疾病的临床诊治。本文就~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在骨感染的诊断、疗效评估等方面的应用加以综述。     

一期带蒂组织瓣联合万古霉素骨水泥及颗粒骨治疗小腿创伤后骨髓炎伴骨及软组织缺损

目的探讨一期带蒂组织瓣联合万古霉素骨水泥及颗粒骨治疗小腿创伤后骨髓炎伴骨及软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法 2008年6月~2013年3月,收治小腿创伤后骨髓炎伴骨及软组织缺损患者36例。男25例,女11例;年龄22~60岁,平均46.5岁。病程1~5个月,平均2.5个月。软组织缺损面积为4 cm×5 cm~13cm×8 cm,骨缺损长度0.5 cm~2.5 cm,平均1.8 cm。采用带蒂组织瓣移位联合万古霉素骨水泥及颗粒骨植入一期治疗。选择带蒂的腓肠肌肌瓣16例,比目鱼肌肌瓣12例,腓肠神经营养血管肌皮瓣6例,远端蒂股前外侧肌皮瓣2例,同时一期联合万古霉素骨水泥填充及颗粒骨植骨,肌瓣表面游离植皮处理。结果 36例患者均获随访,随访时间24~55个月,平均39.5个月。2例组织瓣远端发生部分坏死,经清创换药及游离植皮后愈合,4例术后创面渗出患者经换药处理后愈合,2例感染未控制,经再次手术病灶清除及灌洗引流后愈合。所有骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间6~21个月,平均12个月。末次随访时按Johner-Wruhs标准评定疗效,优20例,良12例,可4例,优良率为88.9%。结论一期应用带蒂组织瓣联合万古霉素骨水泥及颗粒骨治疗小腿创伤后骨髓炎伴骨及软组织缺损,有利于创面愈合、感染控制及骨缺损修复,可获得良好的临床疗效。     

Controlled release of vancomycin from thin sol-gel films on implant surfaces successfully controls osteomyelitis

Peri-prosthetic infection remains a serious complication of joint replacement surgery. Herein, we demonstrate that a vancomycin-containing sol-gel film on Ti alloy rods can successfully treat bacterial infections in an animal model. The vancomycin-containing sol-gel films exhibited predictable release kinetics, while significantly inhibiting S. aureus adhesion. When evaluated in a rat osteomyelitis model, microbiological analysis indicated that the vancomycin-containing sol-gel film caused a profound decrease in S. aureus number. Radiologically, while the control side showed extensive bone degradation, including abscesses and an extensive periosteal reaction, rods coated with the vancomycin-containing sol-gel film resulted in minimal signs of infection. µCT analysis confirmed the radiological results, while demonstrating that the vancomycin-containing sol-gel film significantly protected dense bone from resorption and minimized remodeling. These results clearly demonstrate that this novel thin sol-gel technology can be used for the targeted delivery of antibiotics for the treatment of periprosthetic as well as other bone infections. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 701–709, 2009     

载去甲万古霉素缓释钢板在兔胫骨金葡菌污染模型中病理学与放射学评价

目的探讨载去甲万古霉素缓释钢板在兔胫骨金黄色葡萄球菌污染模型中的预防作用。方法新西兰白兔64只,制备胫骨中段单侧皮质横断骨折模型,分别置入载去甲万古霉素缓释钢板（32只）和普通不锈钢钢板（32只）,注射1×10^5CFU/ml金葡菌,于第1、3、7、14、28天留取病理标本,从病理学和放射学角度比较两种钢板对兔胫骨金葡菌污染模型的预防作用。结果50只兔存活,两组各25只。实验组发生骨髓炎8只,感染率为32%;普通不锈钢钢板对照组发生骨髓炎23只,感染率为92%,两组感染率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组X线片比较显示：发生感染兔均有骨破坏、骨赘形成、软组织脓肿影等变化,但实验组较对照组发生率低（P〈0.05）。病理学显示,感染兔较未感染兔的软组织及骨HE染色显示：大量中性粒细胞弥漫分布,骨质呈小灶性坏死至片状坏死。结论从病理学和放射学角度观察,载去甲万古霉素缓释钢板在兔胫骨金黄色葡萄球菌污染模型中有较明确的预防作用。     

心脏术后慢性化脓性胸骨骨髓炎治疗体会

目的探讨心脏手术后并发慢性化脓性胸骨骨髓炎的治疗。方法心脏手术后并发慢性化脓性胸骨骨髓炎5例患者,一期行感染胸骨及部分肋软骨切除,再二期游离两侧皮瓣修复创面。结果5例患者的胸骨骨髓炎均治愈,随访无复发。结论心脏术后胸骨慢性化脓性骨髓炎可以通过受感染胸骨切除,肋软骨切除,再二期缝合两侧皮瓣治愈。     

Oral Antibiotic Management of Acute Osteomyelitis of the Hand: Outcomes and Cost Comparison to Standard Intravenous Regimen

Background: Acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand has traditionally been managed by intravenous antibiotics. With proven high levels of bone and joint penetration, specific oral antimicrobials may deliver clinical efficacy but at substantially lower cost. Methods: Sixty-nine adult patients with surgically proven acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand were evaluated for clinical response on a 6-week postdebridement regimen of susceptibility-matched oral antibiotics. Inclusion required gross purulence and bone loss demonstrated at the initial debridement and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Excluded were 2 patients with extreme medical comorbidities. There were 53 men and 16 women with a mean age of 46 years. Mean follow-up was 16 weeks (±10). The cost model for the outpatient oral antibiotic treatment was intentionally maximized using Walgreen’s undiscounted cash price. The cost model for the traditional intravenous treatment regimen was intentionally minimized using the fully discounted Medicare fee schedule. Results: All patients achieved resolution of osteomyelitis by clinical and radiographic criteria. In addition, 7 patients underwent successful subsequent osteosynthesis procedures at the previously affected site without reactivation. The mean postdebridement direct cost of care per patient in the study cohort was $482.85, the cost of the antibiotic alone. The postdebridement direct cost of care per patient on a regimen of vancomycin 1.5 g every 12 hours via peripherally inserted central catheter line was $21 646.90. Conclusions: Acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand can be successfully managed on oral antibiotic agents with substantial direct and indirect cost savings.     

光动力抗微生物化学疗法修复骨髓炎模型兔的实验

背景:光动力抗微生物化学疗法具有广谱抗菌、起效快和无耐药的特点,目前已被广泛应用于浅表局限性感染的治疗。目的:了解光动力抗微生物化学疗法治疗骨髓炎的效果。方法:取新西兰大白兔(中国人民解放军军事医学科学院实验动物中心提供)36只,建立左侧胫骨骨髓炎模型,造模28 d后随机分3组处理:空白组胫骨开窗清创后不做任何处理;对照组胫骨开窗清创后在感染胫骨骨髓腔内填入万古霉素聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥;实验组胫骨开窗清创后对感染胫骨骨髓腔进行光动力抗微生物化学治疗。术后4,8,12周,分别进行大体观察、影像学检查及细菌培养。实验已通过武警后勤学院附属医院伦理委员会批准[(2015)-0002]。结果与结论:①大体皮肤外观:空白组可见脓性分泌物,实验组与对照组脓性分泌物消失,皮肤愈合良好;②X射线检查:随着时间的延长,空白组骨髓炎逐渐加重,实验组及对照组治疗后骨质破坏逐渐减少,骨质缺损逐渐愈合,实验组与对照组术后不同时间点的表现无差异;③细菌培养:随着时间的延长,空白组细菌阳性率无明显变化,实验组及对照细菌组阳性率逐渐下降,且实验组与对照组术后不同时间点的细菌阳性率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④结果表明:光动力抗微生物化学疗法作为一种新型的治疗骨髓炎方法,可有效控制感染,为骨髓炎临床治疗积累了实验依据。     

Osteitis and Septic Arthritis after Tibial Head Fracture: Results of a Radical Treatment Regime

Abstract Objectives:  We report a series of 37 consecutive patients with both bone infection and septic arthritis of the knee following fracture of the proximal tibia. Aim of this study is to evaluate treatment results using a standardized treatment regime. The treatment regime consisted of an aggressive surgical approach to both the bone and the joint. In 61% the joint function was preserved, in the reminder an arthrodesis was required, there were no amputations. The difficulties in dealing with this condition are described as well as the clinical, radiological and occupational results. Design/Setting:  Data collection was prospective. Data gathered at follow up included clinical examination, radiographs and the Rassmussen scoring system. Setting is a bone and joint infection and reconstruction unit of a tertiary referral hospital. Patients/Methods:  Nine patients were female (24.3%). Mean age was 47.7 years (16.6–76.7 years). We classified fracture types according to Schatzker; ofwhich type VI fractures were the largest group with 13 cases. Results:  About 3.2 operations where required on average (1–7) for the treatment of infection. For 22 patients the joint function was salvaged. In the remaining cases an arthrodesis was required. Conclusions:  The reported treatment regime gives reliable results for the treatment of combined bone and joint infection of the knee after fracture. In a large group of cases it was possible to salvage joint function. Comparison to other forms of treatment is not possible as there are no reported results so far.     

多部位硬化性骨髓炎1例报告

硬化性骨髓炎（Garre＇s osteomylitis），属特发性骨皮质硬化和干性骨髓炎，此病少见且病因不明，国内外报道鲜见。国外报道多发源于下颌骨病炎，而多部位骨骼受累未见报道。我院骨科于2004年收治1例因腰骶疼痛8年余，经过抗风湿治疗症状无缓解的患者。住院后经过X线片、CT和同位素骨扫描检查发现患者的上、下颌骨、双侧锁骨、