Evaluation of the Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Properties of Metal Oxide Coatings Applied by Magnetron Sputtering as Potential Biofunctional Surface Modifications for Orthopedic Implants

Biomaterials with adequate properties to direct a biological response are essential for orthopedic and dental implants. The surface properties are responsible for the biological response; thus, coatings with biologically relevant properties such as osteoinduction are exciting options to tailor the surface of different bulk materials. Metal oxide coatings such as TiO₂, ZrO₂, Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ have been suggested as promising for orthopedic and dental implants. However, a comparative study among them is still missing to select the most promising for bone-growth-related applications. In this work, using magnetron sputtering, TiO₂, ZrO₂, Ta₂O₅, and Nb₂O₅ thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates. The coatings were characterized by Optical Profilometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Water Contact Angle measurements, and Surface Free Energy calculations. The cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and differentiation toward the osteoblastic phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells plated on the coatings were measured to define the biological response. Results confirmed that all coatings were biocompatible. However, a more significant number of cells and proliferative cells were observed on Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ compared to TiO₂ and ZrO_2. Nevertheless, Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ seemed to induce cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic phenotype in a longer cell culture time than TiO₂ and ZrO₂.     

骨保护素在兔下颌牵张后新骨组织中的表达

目的 研究骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）在不同时期下颌骨牵张成骨过程中表达水平的变化,探讨其可能发挥的作用.方法在30只成年大耳白兔的一侧下颌骨前部行骨切开术,用牵引器延长一侧下颌骨4mm,分别于牵张完成后的第1,3,7,14,28天处死一组动物,取牵引区新生骨痂行组织学及OPG免疫组化染色.结果下颌牵引延长后牵引间隙均有新骨形成,免疫组化染色OPG主要定位于成骨细胞的胞浆中.其中以牵引结束的第1,7天的表达最强,以后逐渐下降,第28天仅有微弱表达.结论OPG可能在牵引成骨过程中特别是调控组织细胞应力信号传递的早期发挥重要作用.     

BMSCs/EPCs联合移植治疗兔股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的 检测骨髓来源内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs）与骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）移植到股骨头缺血坏死部位促进坏死区局部成骨和成血管能力.方法 使用密度梯度离心法分离培养兔BMSCs、EPCs并鉴定.共培养细胞进行碱性磷酸酶活性检测以确定EPCs与BMSCs最佳比例.培养的细胞分成3组植入兔股骨头坏死模型：A组（单独移植BMSCs）、B组（单独移植EPCs）、C组（最佳比例联合移植BMSCs与EPCs）,于术后4周对兔股骨头坏死模型进行成骨及成血管指标检测.结果 EPCs与BMSCs的最佳共培养比例为1∶1.与A组及B组相比,C组有着更高的BMP-2蛋白表达和更多的新生血管形成（P＜0.05）.组织学检测显示：A组可见类骨质结构;B组可见血管结构,但类骨质生成较少;C组可见类骨质结构,并且可见密集的血管结构.结论 以1∶1比例联合移植EPCs和BMSCs到股骨头坏死部位具有很强的成骨以及成血管能力.     

纤维蛋白凝胶对上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响

目的:研究原位注射纤维蛋白凝胶对SD大鼠上颌扩弓成骨矿化的影响.方法:体外实验中,将大鼠骨髓间充质细胞(rBMSCs)在不同凝血酶浓度制备的纤维蛋白凝胶环境下进行共培养,通过CCK-8、ALP染色和活性定量以及茜素红染色,检测梯度浓度凝血酶制备的纤维蛋白凝胶降解产物对rBMSCs细胞增殖和成骨分化的影响.将rBMSCs...     

A Novel Alveolar Distractor Incorporating Nickel–Titanium Alloy Springs: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

A new design of an alveolar distractor using nickel–titanium (NiTi) open-coil springs was developed and investigated to produce distraction forces against the tensile forces of porcine attached gingiva to simulate human gingiva. We subjected 15 mm long NiTi open-coil springs (Highland and ORMCO) with three levels of forces (light, medium and heavy) to mechanical testing in a 37 ± 1 °C water bath. Ten strips of porcine mandibular attached gingiva were subjected to tensile tests to determine the resistance force. The forces from the springs were compared with the tensile forces from the porcine attached gingiva. Data between groups were analyzed with independent-samples T-tests (p-value < 0.05). The tensile strength and the Young modulus were greater in buccal compared to lingual porcine attached gingiva. Compared to other spring dimensions and companies, forces generated from 0.014 × 0.036″ ORMCO springs were the highest and could overcome the tensile resistance from porcine attached gingiva over the longest distraction range of 1.6 mm. This preliminary in vitro study introduced a new design of an alveolar distractor incorporated with NiTi open-coil springs that could generate light and continuous forces to overcome the resistance from porcine attached gingiva.     

成骨不全合并脑动脉粥样硬化-家系报告

目的 分析1例IV型成骨不全(osteogenesis imperfecta, OI)且伴有全身多处动脉粥样硬化家系的临床表型并明确其致病基因,文献复习成骨不全症和动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 收集先证者的临床资料,对患者的血标本进行全外显子组测序,并对患者的几个患病家属和健康家属的唾液标本进行sanger验证。结果 先证者因发作晕厥,体检发现驼背和O型腿,既往有双腿反复脆性骨折的病史,颈胸腰椎正侧位X片提示有侧弯和前凸畸形,骨密度检测提示骨量减少,因其亲属也有易骨折的病史,呈常染色体显性遗传模式(AD),考虑可能为“IV型成骨不全症”。影像学检查提示全身多处血管动脉粥样硬化,右冠状动脉起始部稍细小。经全外显子组测序,在与患者临床表型相关的COL1A2基因(AD)检出了致病的杂合变异c.3159+2 T>A,家系验证呈家系共分离。携带该致病基因的家族成员的骨骼病情严重程度存在明显轻重差异。经文献复习,成骨不全症通过多种途径因素和动脉粥样硬化有一定的联系。结论 本家系为COL1A2基因杂合变异(c.3159+2 T>A)导致的成骨不全症,这是新报告的位点。成骨不全症与早发动脉粥样...     

H型血管在骨质疏松症中的研究进展

骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨病,具有骨微结构退化、骨密度低的特点,在世界范围内发病率较高。随着我国人口逐渐进入老龄化,骨质疏松症的发病率日益上升,已经成为威胁老年人群生活质量的重要因素,给公共卫生系统带来了难以预料的挑战。近年来,许多文献报道骨内特殊型血管——H型血管生成与骨生成之间存在耦合,为骨质疏松症的治疗提供了新的研究目标。本文就H型血管的结构及功能、参与H型血管生成与成骨的细胞因子以及其他因素做一综述。     

大鼠颅骨骨缺损局部持续灌注β-神经生长因子给药模型的建立

目的：建立大鼠颅骨骨缺损局部持续灌注β‐神经生长因子（β‐NGF）给药模型。方法利用外科手术方法切取SD大鼠颅骨顶部左右两侧5 mm的骨质,建立配对大鼠颅骨缺损,利用Alzet微渗透泵右侧骨缺损区持续灌注含β‐NGF的PBS溶液,左侧仅灌注PBS溶液,持续灌注7 d。术后28 d通过H‐E染色和Gomori改良三色染色观察颅骨缺损的愈合情况,检测建模是否成功。结果实验大鼠未发现术后伤口感染、裂开及微渗透泵脱落丢失现象。H‐E及Gomori改良三色染色结果显示,骨缺损区均可见有新骨的形成和骨矿化。结论在大鼠颅骨骨缺损的基础上,建立利用Alzet微渗透泵行局部持续灌注β‐NGF的给药模型是可行的。     

成骨不全症治疗新药研究进展

成骨不全症是以骨骼脆性增加、反复骨折为主要临床表现的遗传性骨病,属于诊断及治疗均面临挑战的罕见病,目前尚缺乏有效的针对病因的治疗策略.近年来研究显示双膦酸盐,甲状旁腺素氨基端片段,针对核因子KB受体活化因子配体、骨硬化素和转化生长因子-B等的单克隆抗体药物,有望增加骨密度、改善骨骼微结构且降低骨折风险.本文综述成骨不全症的治疗新药研究进展.