Association between ankle angle at initial contact and biomechanical ACL injury risk factors in male during self-selected single-leg landing

BackgroundIncreasing the ankle plantar-flexion angle at initial contact (IC) during landing reduces the impact features associated with landing, such as the vertical ground reaction force and loading rate, potentially affecting the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, the relationships between the ankle plantar-flexion angle at IC and the previously identified biomechanical factors related to noncontact ACL injury have not been studied.Research questionThus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether significant relationships exist between the ankle plantar-flexion angle at IC and the biomechanical factors related to noncontact ACL injury.MethodsThe peak anterior tibial shear force, peak external knee valgus moment, peak knee valgus angle, and combined peak external knee valgus plus tibial internal rotation moments were measured in 26 individuals while performing self-selected, single-leg landing. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between the ankle plantar-flexion angle at IC and the biomechanical factors mentioned above.ResultsThe greater ankle plantar-flexion angle at IC was related to smaller the peak knee valgus moment (r = −0.5, p = 0.009) and the combined peak knee valgus plus internal rotation moments (r = −0.58, p = 0.001).SignificanceThese results suggest that large ankle plantar-flexion angle at IC might be associated with lesser loading of the knee frontal plane and altering the self-selective ankle angle may result in biomechanical changes associated with ACL injury risk.     

Effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

A network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to assess the effectiveness of various types of occlusal splint in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to rank them according to their effectiveness. An electronic search was undertaken to identify RCTs published until August 2019. Predictor variables were control, non-occluding splint, hard stabilization splint (HSS), soft stabilization splint (SSS), prefabricated splint, mini-anterior splint, anterior repositioning splint (ARS), and counselling therapy (CT) with or without HSS. Outcome variables were pain improvement, post-treatment pain intensity, improvement in mouth opening, and disappearance of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds. Forty-eight RCTs were included. There was a significant decrease in post-treatment pain intensity in arthrogenous TMDs after ARS (low quality evidence), CT + HSS (moderate quality evidence), mini-anterior splints (very low quality evidence), and HSS alone (low quality evidence), when compared to the control. There was a significant decrease in post-treatment pain intensity in myogenous TMDs with mini-anterior splints (very low quality evidence), SSS (very low quality evidence), CT alone (moderate quality evidence), CT + HSS (moderate quality evidence), and HSS alone (moderate quality evidence), when compared to control. ARS and CT were superior in decreasing TMJ clicking than control and HSS alone. The three highest-ranked treatments for post-treatment pain reduction in arthrogenous TMDs were ARS (92%, very low quality evidence), CT + HSS (67.3%, low quality evidence), and HSS alone (52.9%, moderate quality evidence). For myogenous TMDs, they were mini-anterior splints (86.8%, low quality evidence), CT + HSS (61.2%, very low quality evidence), and HSS alone (59.7%, moderate quality evidence). Based on this NMA of 48 RCTs, there is moderate to very low quality evidence confirming the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of TMDs. Multimodal therapy consisting of CT + HSS may produce the maximum improvement for TMD patients.     

矢状切面在妊娠早期超声筛查胎儿腭裂中的价值

目的探讨矢状切面在妊娠早期超声筛查胎儿腭裂中的价值。 方法回顾性选择2018年1月至2019年12月广东省妇幼保健院的31例妊娠早期腭裂的胎儿,分析头颈部超声检查矢状切面的异常征象,总结不同类型腭裂在矢状切面的超声表现以及其他结构异常情况。 结果（1）超声声像图表现：28例出现上颌骨间隙（90.3%,28/31）,其中14例为单侧腭裂,5例为双侧腭裂,9例为正中腭裂;27例表现为缺失“重叠线征”（87.1%,27/31）,其中正中腭裂5例,单侧腭裂15例,双侧腭裂6例,单纯腭裂1例;6例颌骨前突（19.4%,6/31）,均为双侧唇腭裂。（2）合并其他结构异常情况：妊娠早期及妊娠中期诊断腭裂病例中,合并胎儿结构异常分别占75.0%（15/20）、45.5%（5/11）,颈项透明层增厚分别占60.0%（12/20）、36.4%（4/11）。 结论矢状切面上颌间隙和缺失“重叠线征”是妊娠早期筛查胎儿腭裂的重要线索,颌骨前突是双侧腭裂的特征性超声表现。     

Prognostic Implications of Progressive Systemic Ventricular Dysfunction in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for and prognostic implications of progressive right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVD) in adults with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries.BackgroundThere are no effective therapies for RVD; hence the need to identify and modify risk factors for progressive RVD.MethodsRV systolic function was assessed by using RV longitudinal strain (RV-LS). The first echocardiogram (baseline echocardiogram) and all subsequent annual echocardiograms performed within 5 years from the baseline echocardiogram were analyzed. Progressive RVD (temporal decline in RV-LS) was assessed as the average annual change in RV-LS within 5 years of imaging follow-up.ResultsOf 186 patients (mean age 40 ± 12 years), the RV-LS at baseline was –17% ± 4%, and the annual decline in RV-LS was –4% (95% CI: –6 to –2). The risk factors for progressive RVD were left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, LV pacing, and systemic hypertension. Cardiovascular events (heart failure hospitalization, heart transplant, and death) occurred in 57 (27%) patients. Progressive RVD was associated with cardiovascular events, independent of RV systolic function at baseline. In subgroup analyses assessing impact of therapies (medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and tricuspid valve replacement), only tricuspid valve replacement was associated with improvement in RV systolic function when performed before onset of RVD.ConclusionsPatients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries were at risk for progressive RVD, and the risk factors for progressive RVD were LV pacing, systemic hypertension, and concomitant LV dysfunction. Further studies are required to determine whether strict blood pressure control and early tricuspid valve replacement will prevent progressive RVD.     

全牙列牙合垫结合弹性吊颌帽治疗替牙期下颌骨髁状突骨折

目的：探讨全牙列牙合垫式保持器及吊颌帽弹性牵引在替牙期儿童髁状突骨折治疗的价值。方法：选取19例替牙期下颌骨髁状突骨折合并上颌前牙外伤性松动的患者,用全牙列牙合垫式保持器结合吊颌帽弹性牵引进行治疗。结果：所有患儿松动牙固定良好,咬合关系正常,无张口受限。X线片骨折复位良好。结论：全牙列牙合垫式保持器结合吊颌帽弹性牵引是一种治疗替牙期儿童下颌骨髁状突状突骨折的有效方法。     

Revision of loop colostomy under regional anaesthesia and sedation

Patients presenting for emergency abdominal procedures often have medical issues that cause both general anaesthesia and central neuraxial blockade to pose significant risks. Regional anaesthetic techniques are often used adjunctively for abdominal procedures under general anaesthesia, but there is limited published data on procedures done under peripheral nerve or plexus blocks. We herein report the case of a patient with recent pulmonary embolism and supraventricular tachycardia who required colostomy refashioning. Ultrasonography-guided regional anaesthesia was administered using a combination of ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric, rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks. This was supplemented with propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation as well as intermittent fentanyl and ketamine boluses to cover for visceral stimulation. We discuss the anatomical rationale for the choice of blocks and compare the anaesthetic conduct with similar cases that were previously reported.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的应用

目的 研究超声引导下腹横肌平面(transverses abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在剖宫产术后镇痛中的应用.方法 择期行剖宫产术的产妇60例,ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,随机分为TAP组(T组,n=30)和对照组(C组,n=30).术前所有产妇均行腰-硬联合麻醉(L2～3间隙蛛网膜下腔,0.5布比卡因等比重液7.5 mg);术毕两组产妇均连接自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA),镇痛泵配置相同;术毕T组产妇行双侧TAP阻滞(0.4％罗哌卡因).于术后4、6、8、24、28及48 h采用VAS评分法进行镇痛评分,观察恶心呕吐、瘙痒及呼吸抑制的情况,记录各时点产妇按压镇痛泵的累计有效次数、累计总次数、术后48 h内按压总次数与按压有效次数;术后镇痛用药量和满意度评分.记录TAP操作相关并发症,包括感染、血肿形成、神经损伤、局麻药的毒性反应、穿入腹腔、穿伤肠管、穿伤肝脏等.结果 T组术后4、6h静息状态VAS评分低于C组(P＜0.05),两组术后8、24、28、48 h静息状态VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);T组术后4h活动状态VAS评分低于C组(P＜0.05),其他各时点两组VAS评分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).T组术后6h的硬膜外镇痛用药量低于C组(P＜0.05),其他各时点两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但T组各时点用药量均少于C组.两组在各时点按压镇痛泵的累计有效次数、累计总次数及术后48 h内按压总次数与按压有效次数比值的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后均无恶心呕吐、瘙痒、呼吸抑制、镇静过度等不良反应发生.T组无TAP操作相关并发症的发生.结论 TAP阻滞在剖宫产术后具有明显的辅助镇痛作用.