荧光示踪法探测头颈部肿瘤的前哨淋巴结

头颈部前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的探测有助于判断区域淋巴结整体有无转移,极具应用价值。荧光示踪法是近年来兴起的探测SLN的方法,在检测乳腺和胃肿瘤的SLN方面已取得满意的检出率。本文主要对荧光示踪法探测SLN的发展现状进行综述,并探讨其在头颈部SLN探测方面的应用前景。     

氨基酸分析新技术在药学研究中的应用

氨基酸分析技术是药物研究领域的重要课题,广泛应用于蛋白多肽类药物、中草药和生物样品中氨基酸的研究。液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法等以其独特的优势在氨基酸分析领域有着重要的作用,近红外光谱法也已被成功应用于氨基酸分析。综述近年来国内外氨基酸分析新技术在药学研究中的应用。     

A calibration friendly approach to identify drugs of abuse mixtures with a portable near-infrared analyzer

Both the increasing number and diversity of illicit-drug seizures complicate forensic drug identification. Traditionally, colorimetric tests are performed on-site, followed by transport to a laboratory for confirmatory analysis. Higher caseloads increase laboratory workload and associated transport and chain-of-evidence assurance performed by police officers. Colorimetric tests are specific only for a small set of drugs. The rise of new psychoactive substances therefore introduces risks for erroneous results. Near-infrared (NIR)-based analyzers may overcome these encumbrances by their compound-specific spectral selectivity and broad applicability. This work introduces a portable NIR analyzer that combines a broad wavelength range (1300–2600 nm) with a chemometric model developed specifically for forensic samples. The application requires only a limited set of reference spectra for time-efficient model training. This calibration-light approach thus eliminates the need of extensive training sets including mixtures. Performance was demonstrated with 520 casework samples resulting in a 99.6% true negative and 97.6% true positive rate for cocaine. Similar results were obtained for MDMA, methamphetamine, ketamine, and heroin. Additionally, 236 samples were analyzed by scanning directly through their plastic packaging. Also here, a >97% true positive rate was obtained. This allows for non-invasive, operator-safe chemical identification of potentially potent drugs of abuse. Our results demonstrate the applicability for multiple drug-related substances. Ideally, the combination of this NIR approach with other portable techniques, such as Raman and IR spectroscopy and electrochemical tests, may eventually eliminate the need for subsequent laboratory analysis; therefore, saving tremendous resources in the overall forensic process of confirmatory illicit drug identification.     

纳米荧光染料C—dots标记细胞的应用

目的探讨一种新型纳米荧光染料C-dots作为细胞标记物的应用。方法不同直径的C-dots和B16小鼠黑色素瘤细胞共同培养,用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察C-dots被摄取及在细胞内分布情况。利用MTT比色法测定C-dots标记的细胞及未标记细胞的增殖情况;用台盼蓝染色法检查标记细胞活性。结果直径10 nm和5 nm C-dots可用于标记细胞。在共聚焦显微镜下,可见C-dots标记细胞的细胞膜带有近红外荧光。利用MTT比色法测定标记及未标记细胞的A值无显著差异,C-dots标记细胞的活性与对照组相比也无显著差异。结论C-dots可作为细胞内的标记物,用于细胞示踪、增殖试验等研究。     

Effects of near-infrared laser exposure in a cellular model of wound healing

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial outcomes for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. It has been hypothesized that the benefits of NIR LLLT are due in part to the thermal effects of NIR exposure. However, it is not clear whether photochemical interactions between NIR light and superficial tissues contribute to beneficial outcomes. To investigate the photochemical effects of NIR exposure, the efficacy of 980 nm NIR LLLT on human fibroblast growth rates is investigated using an in vitro model of wound healing.
Methods: A small pipette is used to induce a wound in fibroblast cell cultures, which are imaged at specific time intervals over 48 h and exposed to a range of laser doses (1.5–66 J/cm²) selected to encompass the range of doses used during other in vivo and in vitro studies. For each image acquired, wound sizes were quantified using a novel application of existing image processing algorithms.
Results: Cell growth rates were compared across different laser exposure intensities with the same exposure duration, and across different laser exposure durations with the same exposure intensity. Exposure to low- and medium-intensity laser light accelerates cell growth, whereas high-intensity light negated the beneficial effects of laser exposure. Cell growth was accelerated over a wide range of exposure durations using medium-intensity laser light, with no significant inhibition of cell growth at the longest exposure durations used in this study.
Conclusion: Low-level exposure to 980 nm laser light can accelerate wound healing in vitro without measurable temperature increases. However, these results also demonstrate the need for appropriate supervision of laser therapy sessions to prevent overexposure to NIR laser light that may inhibit cell growth rates observed in response to lower intensity laser exposure.     

人体运动氧代谢的实时无创测定

为探讨运动过程中肌肉组织氧含量的变化规律，用无损近红外光谱学技术（ＮＩＲＳ）对１０名运动员１２ｍｉｎ递增有氧负荷运动的肌氧含量做了实时连续监测，同时测定了血乳酸和心率，相关分析表明，有氧代谢运动肌氧含量下降与血乳酸上升的测定值呈线性相关（ｒ＝－０．９６２）在相同负荷下对运动员和普通受试者的肌氧和血乳酸等参数的实时变化情况做了比较，此外，还检测和探讨了以无氧运动为主的短跑过程中肌氧含量的下降和恢复规     

Abnormal mitochondrial function and muscle wasting, but normal contractile efficiency, in haemodialysed patients studied non-invasively in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Muscle dysfunction, which contributes to morbidity in patients on haemodialysis, has several manifestations and a number of possible causes. We applied the non-invasive techniques of (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to calf muscle of dialysed patients to define the abnormalities in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), contractile efficiency, mitochondrial function and vascular O(2) supply. METHODS: We performed (31)P-MRS/NIRS/MRI studies on the lateral gastrocnemius during isometric plantarflexion and recovery in 23 male patients on haemodialysis (age 24-71 years; haemoglobin 9.9-14.2 g/dl; bicarbonate 17-30 mmol/l; urea reduction ratio 53-77%; parathyroid hormone 1-95 U/l) and 15 male controls (age 29-71 years). To understand the relationships between calf CSA and body mass we also performed MRI only in a further six male patients and 18 male controls. RESULTS: In patients, exercise duration was 30+/-11% lower than in controls. Muscle CSA was lower by 26+/-5%, but contractile efficiency (force/CSA/ATP turnover) was normal. Slowing of post-exercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery implied a 22+/-5% defect in effective 'mitochondrial capacity'. That PCr recovery was slow relative to NIRS recovery suggests that this is largely an intrinsic mitochondrial problem (not the result of impaired O(2) supply), one which, furthermore, correlated with CSA. Urea reduction ratio showed a negative correlation with body mass and CSA, but none with PCr rate constant. CONCLUSIONS: The relationships to urea reduction ratio reflect the effect of muscle mass on dialysis efficiency, rather than direct effects on muscle CSA or metabolism. The relationship between PCr recovery and calf CSA suggests a role for the mitochondrial defect, whatever its cause, in the development of muscle wasting, although a common cause (e.g. physical inactivity) for both abnormalities cannot be ruled out.     

Determination of Moisture in Intact Gelatin Capsules by Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry

Pharmaceutical Research -     

用于人体局部微循环监测的便携式近红外检测仪

近红外技术在生物医学中应用越来越广泛,已涉及到指述的诊断和治疗.本文针对更年期妇女经常出现的潮热、局部充血等症状,研发了一套用于人体局部微循环状态监测的便携式近红外检测装置,能够同步监测人体体温和局部血容量的变化.系统由便携式监护仪和配套的PC机及相应软件组成.便携式监护仪采用腰带式设计,温度测量精度为0.2℃,在人体体温区段(35～40 ℃)精度可达到0.1℃;所测血容量的变化与体温变化一致,即体温升高,局部血液循环加快,血容量增加.配套PC机及软件主要完成对监护仪的控制、数据的传输、处理、存储等任务.