PFN治疗股骨粗隆间骨折46例分析

目的评价应用AO股骨近端髓内钉(Proximal femoral nail,PFN)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法2003年2月至2008年8月,采用AO股骨近端髓内钉闭合复位内固定治疗46例股骨粗隆间骨折患者,评价其骨折愈合情况和并发症及优点。结果44例获随访患者经6～24个月(平均13.5个月)随访,所有患者均获得骨性愈合。术后骨折延迟愈合伴防旋髋螺钉切出1例、髋内翻1例、股骨颈螺钉松出2例。根据Harris髋关节评分,优良率达93.2%。结论PFN闭合复位内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、应力分布分散、适合早期功能锻炼、愈合效果好等优点,是股骨粗隆间骨折较理想的内固定物。     

两种不同方法治疗肱骨干骨折疗效分析

目的比较锁定钢板固定和自锁型可膨胀髓内钉(TM型)固定治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法对我院骨外科自2008年2月～2011年12月收治的56例肱骨干骨折病例采用切开复位锁定钢板固定21例和闭合复位自锁型可膨胀髓内钉固定治疗35例,对两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、功能恢复及手术并发症进行对比分析。结果自锁型可膨胀髓内钉固定组在手术时间,术中出血量和愈合时间方面小于锁定钢板固定组,两组之间差异显著,而在功能恢复上两组无明显差异,且自锁型可膨胀髓内钉固定组(n=35)在并发症方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种手术方式对治疗肱骨干骨折均可取得良好的临床效果,但自锁型可膨胀髓内钉固定相对耗时短,出血量小,并发症少,是一种更好的选择。     

股骨交锁髓内钉应用的并发症及防治

随访本院１９８７年４月￣１９９９年５月,用交锁髓内钉固定股骨患者３５２例,对治疗中的并发症,处理及预后作研究。３３１例得到随访（５－１４５个月）,共发生明确的并发症１６例;断钉８例（合并骨不连３例）畸形愈合２例,会阴神经损伤１例,感染２例,股骨颈骨折１便,退钉２例。经及时处理,２例功能差,其余优良。对严重创伤２,骨折早期交锁髓内钉固定,不增另并发症。Ⅰ度或Ⅱ度开放骨折可在清创彻底的情况下作一期交锁     

Surgical approaches to intramedullary nailing of the tibia: Comparative analysis of knee pain and functional outcomes

IntroductionPost-operative knee pain is common following intramedullary nailing of the tibia, regardless of surgical approach, though the exact source is controversial. Historically, the most common surgical approaches position the knee in hyperflexion, including patellar tendon splitting (PTS) and medial parapatellar (MPP). A novel technique, the semi-extended lateral parapatellar approach simplifies patient positioning, fracture reduction, fluoroscopic assessment, and implant insertion. It also avoids violation of the knee joint capsule. However, this approach has not yet been directly compared against the historical standards. We hypothesised that in a comparison of patient outcomes, the semi-extended approach would be associated with decreased knee pain and better function relative to knee hyperflexion approaches.MethodsA trauma patient database from a Level I centre was queried for patients who underwent intramedullary nailing of the tibia between 2009 and 2013. Patients were surveyed for knee pain severity (NRS scale 1 to 10) and location, and completion of the Lysholm Knee Scale (LKS). Data was compared between the semi-extended lateral parapatellar, medial parapatellar, and tendon splitting groups regarding knee pain severity, location, total LKS, and individual knee function scores from the Lysholm questionnaire. Pre-hoc power analysis determined the necessary sample size (n = 34). Post-hoc analysis utilised two-way ANOVA analysis with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.ResultsComparison of knee pain severity between the groups found no significant difference (p = 0.69), with average ratings of: semi-extended (3.26), PTS (3.59), and MPP (3.63). Analysis found no significant differences in total LKS score (p = 0.33), with average sums of: semi-extended (75.97), MPP (77.53), and PTS (81.68). Individual knee function scores from the LKS were similar between the groups, except for limping, with MPP being significantly worse (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in knee pain location (p = 0.45).ConclusionIn this adequately-powered study, at minimum 1 year follow-up there were no significant differences between the 3 approaches in knee pain severity, location, or overall function. The three were significantly different in post-operative limping, with medial parapatellar having the lowest score. The semi-extended lateral parapatellar approach vastly simplifies many technical aspects of nailing compared to knee hyperflexion approaches, and does not violate the knee joint.     

Does an additional antirotation U-Blade (RC) lag screw improve treatment of AO/OTA 31 A1-3 fractures with gamma 3 nail?

IntroductionPoor bone quality and unstable fractures increase the cut-out rate in implants with gliding lag screws. The U-Blade (RC) lag screw for the Gamma3^® nail was introduced to provide monoaxial rotational stability of the femoral head and neck fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw is associated with reduced cut-out in patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures.Material & methodsBetween 2009 and 2014, 751 patients with OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures were treated with a Gamma3^® nail at our institution. Out of this sample 199 patients were treated with U-blade (RC) lag screws. A total of 135 patients (117 female, 18 male) with standard lag screw (treatment group A) were matched equally regarding age (±4 years) sex, fracture type and location to 135 patients with U-blade (RC) lag screw (treatment group B). Within a mean follow up of 9.2 months (range 6–18 months) we assessed the cut-out rate, the calTAD, lag screw migration, the Parker's mobility score and the Parker’s ratio at postoperatively, six and 12 months following surgery. Furthermore we recorded all complications, ASA-Score, hospital stay and duration of surgery retrospectively.ResultsThe most common fracture among group B with a cut-out of the lag screw were AO/OTA 2.3 and 3.2 fractures whereas in group A cut-out was most commonly seen in AO/OTA 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 fractures, there was no significant reduction of the cut-out rate in group B 2.2% (n = 3) compared to group A 3.7% (n = 5). The duration of surgery was significantly shorter in group A (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in lag screw placement, the Parker’s ratio and mobilization.ConclusionIn our study the U-Blade (RC) lag screw did not reduce the cut-out in treatment of OTA/AO 31A1-3 fractures at all. Considering the longer duration of surgery and the higher costs of the U-Blade (RC) lag screw, our results do not justify its use. However, further prospective randomized studies will be necessary.     

Waardenburg syndrome associated with bilateral renal anomaly

A 1-year-old girl with Waardenburg syndrome type I presented with double collecting system of left kidney accompanied by nonobstructive hydronephrosis of lower pole and by ureteropelvic junction obstruction of right kidney. Renal involvement in Waardenburg syndrome was reported once in a 4-month-old boy with unilateral duplication of the renal collecting system and in a 16-day-old girl who had right multicystic dysplastic kidney and hydronephrosis in the left kidney. The third case of renal involvement in Waardenburg syndrome is presented here, with special emphasis on early diagnosis and management of renal anomaly. The authors conclude that urinary system anomalies should also be considered in the wide spectrum of Waardenburg syndrome clinical features to avoid life-threatening complications.     

Minimally invasive femoral nail extraction

Introduction Case report about a minimally invasive technique for removal of a femoral antegrade nail (FAN). Femoral nails are introduced by minimally invasive techniques, but are often removed with more invasive surgery.Materials and methods Four cases of young patients are described in whom the femoral nail was removed after consolidation by a minimally invasive extraction technique at the trochanteric site. By using a threaded wire for locating the proximal entrance of the femoral nail followed by reaming over the wire, the entrance of the nail in the trochanteric region is freed. Then the extraction bolt can be placed over the wire and the nail can be extracted through the same incision as it was inserted in, without enlarging the incision.Discussion This case report discusses a technique for minimally invasive femoral nail extraction, not the necessity of removing nails. Leaving out the endcap at the initial operation is the only preoperative condition, since the endcap blocks the entrance of the nail. This operation is done with fluoroscopic guidance. The difficult part is the reaming. The reamer must not be damaged when approaching the nail entrance. This minimally invasive femoral nail extraction technique is applicable for various types of femoral nails.Conclusion Minimally invasive extraction of femoral nails is possible and needs more attention. The level of evidence is a level IV case series.Concerning funding, there was no financial support for this report.     

胫腓骨骨折3种手术固定方法疗效比较

目的比较3种手术方法治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效。方法用钢板内固定、外固定支架及交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折336例,分别对骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间及各种并发症的发生情况作统计学分析。结果336例均获随访,时间1～3年,钢板内固定组骨痂出现时间平均（49±3.92）d,骨折愈合时间平均（176±14.73）d;外固定支架组骨痂出现时间平均（52±4.1）d,骨折愈合时间平均（192±15.73）d;交锁髓内钉组骨痂出现时间平均（38±4.47）d,骨折愈合时间平均（148±11.46）d。交锁髓内钉骨痂出现时间及骨折愈合时间明显缩短、并发症的发生率也最低。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折（闭合性和GustiloⅠ、Ⅱ型开放性）优于钢板内固定及外固定支架。胫腓骨骨折手术固定方法选择原则为：①胫腓骨骨折端距关节面≥8 cm,交锁髓内钉应作为内固定物首选。②胫腓骨骨折端距关节面〈8 cm,钢板与外固定支架之间,应优先考虑选用钢板固定。③若胫腓骨骨折为严重开放性粉碎性骨折或骨折伴有皮肤软组织缺损、骨外露或软组织肿胀严重,上钢板无法封闭伤口,可选择外固定支架固定。     

扩髓与非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折

目的比较扩髓与非扩髓型带锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对86例共92侧开放性胫骨骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗,其中扩髓组54侧,非扩髓组38侧。伤口拆线后扶拐下地活动,术后定期随访6个月～2年。结果扩髓组与非扩髓组局部感染率分别是20．3％和5．3％（P〈0．05）;扩髓组与非扩髓组平均骨折愈合时间分别为22．5周和19周（P〉0．05）;延迟愈合分别为8例,3例。结论与扩髓组比较,非扩髓带锁髓内钉延迟愈合或不愈合少,感染率低,两组平均骨折愈合时间无明显差异。