供者特异性抗原静脉输注联合抗γ链单克隆抗体诱导小鼠皮肤移植物免疫耐受

目的　探讨静脉输注供者特异性抗原联合抗白细胞介素2受体(IL 2R)γ链单克隆抗体诱导移植免疫耐受的可行性。方法　在C57BL/6小鼠建立H Y皮肤移植模型,术前7 d给予5×106个供者脾细胞静脉输注,并分别于术前6 d和4 d给予抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体(4G3、3E12及TUGm2各0.5 mg)和抗IL 2Rβ单克隆抗体(TM β1,0.5 mg)混合液2.0 mg腹腔注射,以单纯行H Y皮肤移植模型和静脉输注供者特异性抗原的H Y皮肤移植模型为对照,观察皮肤移植物的存活时间。结果　联合给予抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体和供者特异性抗原输注组的皮肤移植物存活时间均超过100 d,显著长于单纯H Y皮肤移植组的33.42 d(P<0.01)及仅输注供者特异性抗原H Y皮肤移植组的14.71 d(P<0.01)。结论　在H Y皮肤移植模型中,静脉输注供者特异性抗原联合抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体可以成功地诱导受者对皮肤移植物的免疫耐受。     

Characterization of Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β From Human Seminal Plasma

PROBLEM : Human seminal plasma is known to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been identified as an immunosuppressive factor in human seminal plasma. Biologically active TGF-β represents a family of 25-kDa homodimeric proteins linked with disulfide bonds. TGF-β associates with high molecular weight proteins noncovalently to form a type of latency that is biologically inactive. Quantitative distribution of active form of TGF-β versus inactive latent form of TGF-β, and mechanism of the TGF-β activation in human seminal plasma remain to be elucidated. PURPOSE : To characterize seminal plasma latent form of TGF-β, including its concentration, and the mechanism underlying the activation of TGF-β. METHOD : Gel filtrations on ACA-34 and Biogel P-60 were used to fractionate seminal plasma. TGF-β was measured by enzyme immunoassay using antibodies specific for TGF-β₁ and TGF-β₂, respectively. Radioreceptor assay with recombinant human [¹²⁵I]-TGF-β₁ was applied to qualitatively identify TGF-β₁. Kinetic experiments with various pH, temperature and time, along with protease inhibitors, were performed to delineate the activation mechanism of latent TGF-β. RESULTS : Human seminal plasma contained both TGF-β₁ and TGF-β₂, predominantly in latent form. The total concentration of TGF-β₁ averaged 238 ng/ml versus an average of 18 ng/ml for TGF-β₂. The in vitro activation or release of TGF-β₁, from latent TGF-β₁ was achieved only at acidic pH of <4.0, and was time and temperature dependent. At pH 3.7 and 37°C, a significant activation of latent TGF-β₁ was achieved after an incubation of only 15 min, reached the maximum at 120 min, and the activated TGF-β₁ remained relatively stable for at least 24 h. The activation was not inhibitable by a series of protease inhibitors examined, alone or in combination (e.g., phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, E-64, pepstatin, leupeptin, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid). Competitive radioreceptor assay established the functional identity of TGF-β₁ in human seminal plasma with recombinant human TGF-β₁. CONCLUSION : Human seminal plasma TGF-β is biologically activated from high molecular weight latent TGF-β by acid pH. The acidic environment of female lower genital tract could represent an in vivo physiological condition for activation of seminal plasma TGF-β that may immunologically protect the integrity of sperm.     

肾综合征出血热内分泌组织中的病毒抗原、病变及其关系

作者应用免疫细胞化学法研究了HFRS尸检内分泌及其有关组织中病毒抗原的分布,病毒抗原阳性细胞与病变的关系,病变的类型及病毒感染对胰腺内胰岛素表达的影响,所用的一抗有抗肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病毒糖蛋白(G_2),核蛋白(NP)及血凝素(HA)抗原的单克隆抗体(15种)和多克隆抗体(PAb)以及抗胰岛素(INS)单克隆抗体。结果显示,内分泌组织中有两种染色形态的病毒抗原,一种是胞浆弥漫染色的抗原,为G_2,NP或HA阳性,阳性细胞弥漫分布,另一种是以病毒包涵体(IB)形式出现的颗粒性抗原,MAbs染色多为实性,PAb染色多为空泡状。在9例胰腺组织中,有4例几乎在所有腺上皮细胞和少数胰岛细胞均为IB阳性,但PAb染色可在胰岛细胞中显示出空泡状IB。在其它内分泌组织中,IB只在少数细胞中出现。抗原阳性细胞很少出现坏死,但在脑垂体及肾上腺灶性或片状凝固性坏死区域也有弥漫性抗原阳性及IB存在。胰腺组织的胰岛素染色显示,除1例胰岛INS强阳性,其余8例均有明显的INS染色减弱及阳性细胞减少的表现。结果提示,内分泌组织中有两种病变,即以IB为特征的病毒直接感染引起的细胞病变,是病毒的弱致病变作用,该病变可能对细胞的内分泌功能产生影响;另一种病变是组织的灶性或大片性同步性凝固性坏死,是继发于病毒感染后的出血和休克,该病变会     

Inheritance of monoclonal rheumatoid factor cross-reactive idiotypes in primary Sjogren''s syndrome (pSS). Comparative studies of a rabbit polyclonal anti-idiotype and 17109 monoclonal anti-idiotype

Abstract. A comparison of the presence of two idiotypes, one identified by a rabbit polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, first found on a cryoprecipitable IgM.± rheumatoid factor (RF) from an SS patient (3rd SS) and the 17109 idiotype, identified by a monoclonal antibody was performed in 106 sera and eight minor salivary gland biopsies of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients and 125 sera from age-sex matched normal controls. Of 106 of SS patients' sera 36 had immuno-globulins positive for the 3rd SS idiotype. 17109 activity was more prevalent in SS patients positive for the polyclonal anti-idiotype 3rd SS, than those with negative idiotype (9/36 VS 2/70 times2= 12.53 P <0.005). Cross inhibition studies, however, revealed that the polyclonal anti-idiotype binding was not inhibited by the 17109 moAb. 3rd SS and 17109 anti-idiotypes were reacted with immunoglobulins in the serum of 3–5% and 1.7% of normal human sera respectively. Immu-nohistologic studies demonstrated that 4/8 and 2/6 minor salivary gland biopsies had infiltrating plasma cells containing immunoglobulins bearing the 3rd SS and the 17109 idiotypes, respectively. The inheritance of both idiotypes was investigated in sera of 4 SS kindreds. In two kindreds with 3rd SS positive pro-bands, the idiotype was detected in 3 first degree relatives of the same generation. 17109 activity was detected in the serum of a sister of the positive proband who had a high RF titer. These results suggest that the 17109 moAb recognizes a different epitope of that of the 3rd SS. The idiotypes of monoclonal RFs are not inherited and probably are produced by plasma cells infiltrating the labial minor salivary glands of SS patients.     

单克隆抗体对溶组织内阿米巴吞噬红细胞的影响

用具有抗细胞膜活性和抗细胞核、胞浆活性的单克隆抗体３Ｆ７和４Ｇ６与致病性溶组织内阿米巴ＨＭ－１∶ＩＭＳＳ株滋养体３７℃孵育，在孵育即刻、５ｍｉｎ、１０ｍｉｎ加入红细胞，检测滋养体吞噬红细胞的能力，并以正常小鼠血清和抗克氏锥虫抗体ＴＣＥ０４作为对照。结果，经单克隆抗体３Ｆ７孵育即刻的ＨＭ－１∶ＩＭＳＳ虫株滋养体吞噬红细胞能力明显减弱（Ｐ＜０．００１），而４Ｇ６抑制滋养体吞噬红细胞的作用不如前者明显。提示，抗细胞膜单克隆抗体对抑制滋养体吞噬红细胞有显著作用，但随着时间的推移，抑制作用明显减弱。     

抗食管癌单克隆抗体及食管癌细胞膜抗原的初步研究

以食管癌“109”细胞株免疫 BALB/C 小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞株SP2/0 融合,经三次克隆化,获得稳定分泌抗食管癌“109”细胞株单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系2GF3。其分泌的单克隆2GF3抗体与外周血淋巴组胞、ABO 型红细胞、癌胚抗原以及3/5胃癌细胞株无反应,与2/5胃癌细胞株有弱(+)反应。与2GF3抗体对应的抗原为2GF3抗原,荧光标记检测表明后者主要表达在细胞膜上。用去污剂提取膜抗原进行电泳后转移至硝酸纤维素膜上进行酶标分析,2GF3抗原是分子量53KD 的糖蛋白,在还原及非还原条件下均显示相同的区带。它与抗癌胚抗原抗体及抗甲胎蛋白抗体均无反应,表明它不同于癌胚抗原和甲胎蛋白。     

Serum antibodies to structural proteins of Hantavirus arise at different times after infection.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantification of serum antibodies against group-specific epitopes of the glycoproteins (G1, G2) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the genus Hantavirus. This assay was used to study the kinetics of the development of serum antibodies after natural infection with Puumala-like virus in humans. To this end a panel of 34 serum samples collected from individuals at different times after natural infection was tested by the ELISA. The samples were also tested for specific IgM and IgG levels against Puumala-like virus, which provided confirmatory data about the presumed timing of infection. It was shown that serum antibodies against the G1 epitope were present in the acute and early convalescent period just before antibodies to the NP epitope could be demonstrated. In contrast, antibodies to two G2 epitopes were present not earlier than in the convalescent and late convalescent period. Since all these categories of antibodies seem to persist for long periods, antibodies against the G1 epitope and the NP epitope may be of specific diagnostic value. Furthermore, levels of G1-specific antibodies and antibodies to either NP or G2 may allow estimation of the time elapsed following initial infection.     

单克隆抗体反向IHAT检测囊虫病循环抗原

应用抗猪囊虫抗原的单克隆抗体反向间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡＴ），对临床确诊的囊虫病患者进行了血清循环抗原（ＣＡｇ）的检测，阳性率为５１．１４％（６７／１３１）。对１９例脑型囊虫病患者同时测定了血清和脑脊液中的ＣＡｇ，阳性率分别为４７．３６％和７８．９４％，总阳性率为８４．２１％。对治疗０．５３后的１９例患者检测时，血清和脑脊液中ＣＡｇ均呈阴性反应，而检测抗体仍呈阳性反应。５０例正常人、４９例其它寄生虫病及５例其它脑部疾病患者脑脊液的ＣＡｇ均呈阴性反应。结果提示：测定ＣＡｇ对囊虫病活动性感染的诊断及疗效判定均具有一定的实用价值。     

单克隆抗体在淋巴细胞白血病中的临床应用

本实验应用二十一种抗人白细胞分化抗原的单克隆抗体。通过ABC(avidin-biotin peroxidase complex)免疫酶标方法对十二例淋巴细胞白血病病人进行了免疫表型分析。提示单克隆抗体在淋巴细胞白血病病人的临床分型、治疗及预后估计上很有意义。粒、淋双表达白血病其本质不明,因而治疗上至今还没有一个理想的方案。