2种灭鼠剂混配毒饵对黄胸鼠的毒杀效果观察

目的了解含0.015%敌鼠钠盐和0.002%溴敌隆的2种抗凝血灭鼠剂混配毒饵对黄胸鼠的实验室毒杀效果。方法采用无选择摄食试验和有选择摄食试验方法,试鼠单笼饲养分别摄食混配毒饵和单剂毒饵。结果有选择摄食试验试鼠对混配毒饵(1号方)、0.015%敌鼠钠盐(2号方)和0.002%溴敌隆(3号方)的摄食系数分别为0.93、0.70、0.99,毒杀率分别为100%、46.7%、66.7%;无选择摄食试验中1～3号方对试鼠的毒杀率分别为100%、50%、70%。试鼠对1号方4 d摄食量与2～3号方统计学分析,无统计学意义;1号方对黄胸鼠毒杀效果优于2、3号方,三者毒杀率有统计学意义。结论使用2种抗凝血灭鼠剂较低浓度混配制成的毒饵对黄胸鼠适口性和毒杀效果好,可用于家鼠的防治。     

基于SPOC混合教学模式的生物药剂学与药物动力学的课堂教学改革

生物药剂学与药物动力学是一门涉及面广、理论性强的学科,知识点多且难,传统课堂教学难以提高学生的学习主动性,且课程结束学生并不能将理论知识应用于实践中。针对传统课堂教学的缺陷,结合内蒙古医科大学的学生学习情况与课程学时,设计小规模限制性在线课程(SPOC)线上线下混合教学模式,线上课堂学习基础知识,线下课堂答疑解惑,以分析案例为重点,提高学生分析、解决问题能力。整个课程设计注重过程考核,充分调动学生的主观能动性,以提高教学效率,培养应用型药学人才。     

加味四黄汤内服外敷对老年混合痔术后康复及炎性因子的影响

目的探讨加味四黄汤内服外敷对老年混合痔患者术后康复及炎性因子的影响。方法选择沈阳市肛肠医院接收的老年混合痔患者69例作为研究对象,收治入院时间为2018年4月—2020年4月,所有患者统一接受吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术治疗,根据其术后不同处理方法进行分组,将采用高锰酸钾溶液坐浴治疗的患者纳入参照组(35例),将采用加味四黄汤内服外敷治疗的患者纳入研究组(34例)。观察和比较2组患者疼痛消失时间、创面愈合时间、创面渗液消失时间、水肿消失时间和治疗前后白细胞介素-6、γ-干扰素、血清血管内皮生长因子的变化。结果与参照组相比,研究组疼痛消失时间、创面愈合时间、创面渗液消失时间、水肿消失时间较短(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组患者白细胞介素-6、γ-干扰素、血清血管内皮生长因子相比无显著差异(P>0.05);治疗后,2组患者白细胞介素-6水平显著降低、血清血管内皮生长因子、γ-干扰素水平显著提升,且与参照组相比,研究组白细胞介素-6较低,γ-干扰素、血清血管内皮生长因子水平较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年混合痔患者手术治疗后给予加味四黄汤内服外敷,不仅能促进患...     

精致教引导诚潜学——基于方剂学精品线下开放课程教改体会

积极响应校、省、国家教改要求,利用共享课程资源、开放式课程教育平台及智慧教学工具,以金课标准结合课程思政要求建设方剂学精品线下开放课程。教师从教改理念宣传、教学资源优化、教学过程设计、反馈交流指导方面全力打造精致课程,创建具有先进性、互动性、创新性的以学生为主的线上、线下混合式翻转课堂教学,引导学生端正态度潜心学习,实现知识、能力、情感素养的全面提升。     

Development and content validity of the Experienced Patient‐Centeredness Questionnaire (EPAT)—A best practice example for generating patient‐reported measures from qualitative data

IntroductionTo effectively foster patient‐centeredness (PC), it is crucial to measure its implementation. So far, there is no German measure to assess PC comprehensively. The aim of this study is to develop and select items for the Experienced Patient‐Centeredness (EPAT) Questionnaire, a patient‐reported experience measure (PREM). The EPAT intends to assess PC from the perspective of adult patients treated for different chronic diseases in inpatient and outpatient settings in Germany. Furthermore, we aim at providing a best‐practice example for developing PREMs from qualitative data.MethodsThe development process comprised a three‐phase mixed‐method design: (1) preparation, (2) item generation and (3) item selection and testing of content validity. We generated items using qualitative content analysis based on information from focus groups, key informant interviews and literature search. We selected items using relevance rating and cognitive interviews. Participants were patients from four chronic disease groups (cancer, cardiovascular disease, mental disorder, musculoskeletal disorder) and healthcare experts (e.g., clinicians, researchers, patient representatives).ResultsWe conducted six focus groups with a total of 40 patients, key informant interviews with 10 experts and identified 48 PREMs from international literature. After team discussion, we reached a preliminary pool of 152 items. We conducted a relevance rating with 32 experts and 34 cognitive interviews with 21 patients. We selected 125 items assessing 16 dimensions of PC and showed high relevance and comprehensibility.ConclusionsThe EPAT questionnaire is currently undergoing psychometric testing. The transparent step‐by‐step report provides a best practice example that other researchers may consider for developing PREMs. Integrating literature and experts with a strong focus on patient feedback ensured good content validity. The EPAT questionnaire will be helpful in assessing PC in routine clinical practice in inpatient and outpatient settings for research and quality improvement.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were not involved as active members of the research team. While developing the funding proposal, we informally reached out to several patient organizations who all gave us positive feedback on the study aims, thereby confirming their relevance. Those patient organizations endorsed the funding proposal with formal letters of support and supported recruitment by disseminating advertisements for study participation.     

菱形切口外剥内扎注射术治疗混合痔100例临床研究

目的研究菱形切口外剥内扎注射术治疗混合痔的临床价值。方法将200例混合痔患者随机的分为两组,每组100例,菱形切口外剥内扎注射术为治疗组和对照组外剥内扎术进行对比观察。结果治疗组在术后继发出血,术后尿潴留及疗效方面与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但在术后疼痛、术后肛门功能影响、伤口愈合时间、复发等方面比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论菱形切口外剥内扎注射术治疗混合痔在术后疼痛情况、术后肛门功能影响、伤口愈合时间以及复发等方面优于外剥内扎术。     

睾丸混合性生殖细胞肿瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨原发性睾丸混合性生殖细胞肿瘤(MGCT)的临床病理特征。方法:对我院13例原发性睾丸MGCT患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,并结合相关文献进行讨论。结果:睾丸MGCT占我院同期睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的24.1%(13/54),患者年龄2~53岁,平均28.3岁。全部病例均发生于单侧睾丸,左侧6例,右侧7例,左右侧比为0.86∶1。睾丸MGCT病理形态多样,肿瘤成分包括胚胎性癌(11例,84.6%)、精原细胞瘤(8例,61.5%)、畸胎瘤(6例,46.2%)、绒毛膜癌及卵黄囊瘤(均为4例,23.1%)。其中9例(69.2%)包含2种不同的生殖细胞肿瘤成分,3例(30.8%)包含3种不同的肿瘤成分,1例(7.7%)包含5种不同的肿瘤成分。结论:睾丸MGCT非常少见,好发于青壮年男性,不同的肿瘤成分其生物学行为、临床治疗和预后不同,因此准确的病理诊断非常必要,免疫组化标记对病理诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要作用。     

安氏芍倍注射液与消痔灵注射液治疗Ⅰ–Ⅲ阶段内痔的疗效比较：一项前瞻性队列研究

Objective:To compare the effect of An's Shaobei Injection(安氏勺倍注射液) with Xiaozhiling Injection(消痔灵注射液) in patients with internal hemorrhoids of grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ.Methods:This cohort study included 1,520 internal hemorrhoids patients with grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ who were scheduled for liquid injection treatment from July 2003 to July 2009.The cohort included patients who underwent either An's Shaobei Injection treatment(the treatment group,760 cases) or Xiaozhiling Injection treatment(the control group,760 cases).All patients were followed up regularly for 3 years;the observing indices included anal function recovery and clinical response after operation.Results:Among the 1,520 patients,1,508(99.2%) completed the 3-year follow-up.The efficacy rate was 97.5%in the treatment group,significantly higher than the control group(91.8%,P0.01).The recurrence rate in the treatment group was 0.5%,significantly lower than that of the control group(1.3%,P0.01).In addition,perianal callosity occurred in 8 cases(1.1%) and anorectal stricture in 26 cases(3.5%)after operation in the control group.There was no perianal callosity and anorectal stricture in the treatment group.Conclusion:The treatment with An's Shaobei Injection demonstrated superior clinical effect to Xiaozhiling Injection with fewer adverse effects.     

MLL5基因敲除对小鼠结肠癌CT26细胞移植瘤生长的影响及其机制

目的：探讨混合谱系白血病5(MLL5)基因在小鼠结肠癌CT26细胞移植瘤生长中的作用及其分子机制。方法：利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建MLL5基因缺失、MLL5和DDX58双基因缺失的结肠癌CT26细胞模型,用Sanger测序和WB法验证敲除效果。将基因敲除的CT26细胞接种到野生型BALB/c小鼠和免疫缺陷型NSG小鼠皮下,构建基因缺失结肠癌CT26细胞移植瘤小鼠模型,并观察移植瘤的生长及荷瘤小鼠的总生存期（OS）。结果：在野生型小鼠中,MLL5基因缺失的CT26细胞移植瘤生长速度显著性低于野生型癌细胞移植瘤,并延长荷瘤小鼠的OS(P<0.01);在NSG小鼠中,MLL5基因缺失对CT26细胞移植瘤的生长速度以及荷瘤小鼠的OS没有明显改变。MLL5基因缺失提高了癌细胞中视黄酸诱导基因1(RIG-1)蛋白水平,DDX58基因缺失可逆转MLL5基因缺失在CT26细胞移植瘤中的作用。结论：MLL5基因缺失可提高结肠癌CT26细胞中RIG-1蛋白水平、促进肿瘤免疫,从而抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长,提示MLL5可能成为结肠癌治疗的新靶点。     

大鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞外泌体的提取及功能研究

目的:探讨在不同成熟状态下树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)分泌的外泌体(exosomes,Dex)的制备、提取及体外功能鉴定。方法:F344大鼠骨髓来源DC培养6后分为2组,一组为未成熟树突状细胞组(immature DC,imDC):直接收集上清;一组为成熟树突状细胞组(mature DC,mDC):每孔加入终浓度为1μg/ml的LPS培养48h后,收集上清。然后用多步离心法分离得到Dex,流式细胞术检测两组Dex的表型,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测两组Dex与Wistar大鼠骨髓来源的imDC共培养上清的白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素12(IL-12p70)的含量,混合淋巴细胞实验(MLR)检测共培养DCs刺激T细胞增殖能力。结果:与mDC分泌的exosomes相比,imDC分泌的exosomes表面中度表达MHC-Ⅱ类分子、低表达CD80、CD86、CD40共刺激分子,而且与Wistar大鼠骨髓来源的imDC共培养后刺激IL-12p70分泌能力较低(P<0.05),刺激T淋巴细胞增殖的能力也较mDC分泌的exosomes组弱(P<0.05)。结论:不同成熟状态下的DC分泌...