鼻部大出血的介入栓塞止血最佳位置及最佳栓塞剂的探讨

目的 探讨鼻部大出血的介入栓塞止血的最佳位置.方法 经股动脉入路,对23例鼻部大出血患者进行双侧或单侧颈外动脉造影,采用颌上动脉、颞浅动脉起始点进行造影及应用弹簧钢圈作栓塞剂进行栓塞止血.结果 23例经造影诊断明确,且靶血管显示清晰情况下进行血管栓塞,栓塞效果十分肯定,栓塞术后再出血只有1例.结论 应用弹簧钢圈作较高位栓塞是更为安全及止血效果更佳的方式.     

A joint latent class analysis for adjusting survival bias with application to a trauma transfusion study

There is no clear classification rule to rapidly identify trauma patients who are severely hemorrhaging and may need substantial blood transfusions. Massive transfusion (MT), defined as the transfusion of at least 10 units of red blood cells within 24 h of hospital admission, has served as a conventional surrogate that has been used to develop early predictive algorithms and establish criteria for ordering an MT protocol from the blood bank. However, the conventional MT rule is a poor proxy, because it is likely to misclassify many severely hemorrhaging trauma patients as they could die before receiving the 10th red blood cells transfusion. In this article, we propose to use a latent class model to obtain a more accurate and complete metric in the presence of early death. Our new approach incorporates baseline patient information from the time of hospital admission, by combining respective models for survival time and usage of blood products transfused within the framework of latent class analysis. To account for statistical challenges, caused by induced dependent censoring inherent in 24‐h sums of transfusions, we propose to estimate an improved standard via a pseudo‐likelihood function using an expectation‐maximization algorithm with the inverse weighting principle. We evaluated the performance of our new standard in simulation studies and compared with the conventional MT definition using actual patient data from the Prospective Observational Multicenter Major Trauma Transfusion study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

12例凶险性前置胎盘术中出血情况的临床分析

目的探讨瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘(凶险性前置胎盘)再次剖宫产患者术中大出血的发生原因以及预防措施。方法收集分析2009年9月～2011年11月某院行单胎再次剖宫产155例患者的临床资料,其中伴前置胎盘者12例(观察组),瘢痕子宫不伴前置胎盘143例(对照组)。瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘者12例术中出血原因进行归纳总结分析。结果瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘组合并中央性前置胎盘,胎盘植入、先兆子宫破裂均高于瘢痕子宫不伴前置胎盘组。5例瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血均为胎盘植入,且5例均为中央性前置胎盘,4例是前壁胎盘合并先兆子宫破裂。结论前壁中央性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入是瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血主要原因。术前做好相应预防措施,必要时做好子宫动脉栓塞准备,尽可能保留子宫,对妊娠结局非常重要。     

Splenectomy in patients with malignant lymphoma presenting with massive splenomegaly

6 patients with massive splenomegaly but no peripheral adenopathy were diagnosed by splenectomy as having lymphoma; and were found to have widespread disease. Despite the seriousness of their illness at presentation, all have survived for a median time of 101.5 months and reached complete remission.     

Current molecular genetics strategies for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of almost 50 monogenic diseases characterized by mutations causing deficiency of lysosomal enzymes or non-enzyme proteins involved in transport across the lysosomal membrane, protein maturation or lysosomal biogenesis. Usually, affected patients are normal at birth and have a progressive and severe disease with high morbidity and reduced life expectancy. The overall incidence of LSDs is usually estimated as 1:5000, but newborn screening studies are indicating that it could be much higher. Specific therapies were already developed for selected LSDs, making the timely and correct diagnosis very important for successful treatment and also for genetic counseling. In most LSD cases the biochemical techniques provide a reliable diagnosis. However, the identification of pathogenic mutations by genetic analysis is being increasingly recommended to provide additional information. In this paper we discuss the conventional methods for genetic analysis used in the LSDs [restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC), real-time polymerase chain reaction, high resolution melting (HRM), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), Sanger sequencing] and also the newer approaches [massive parallel sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)].     

右上腹瘢痕粘连下左上腹两新入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术的改进策略

目的右中上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术及放疗后,腹腔镜下见右上腹广泛瘢痕粘连,在解离粘连、建立胆囊切除空间失败后,改从左上腹入路胆囊切除术,依具体情况,探讨建立器械通道和操作空间的可能性和实用性。方法自2001年5月-2015年5月有13例患者(有右上腹腹膜炎、大切口手术、放疗史)例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),术中发现右上腹广泛粘连,常规LC失败后,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路建立手术器械通道,并沿肝脏脏面从上向下、从内向外解剖而建立胆囊切除空间,施行LC术。结果手术时间为70~155 min,平均117 min。13例有右上腹瘢痕粘连的病例,近创伤处粘连重远创则轻,经左上腹两条入路巧妙避开难以分离的瘢痕粘连面,均成功进行探查及切除术,建立器械通道及切除空间顺利,除手术时间较长外,无胃肠、胆管损伤。结论与距离呈负相关是后天性右上腹瘢痕粘连的特点,改从左上腹肝下脏面入路和肝镰状韧带入路,可避开瘢痕粘连轻松建立胆囊LC手术通道;再沿肝下及于胆囊周围由上向下和内侧向外建立胆囊切除空间,两条路径LC为切实可行的手术路径。     

Massive recurrent haemoptysis in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia

Massive haemoptysis are rare in pregnant woman. Besides usual causes of haemoptysis, cases of idiopathic haemoptysis have been described during pregnancy, probably with a hormonal role. A pregnant woman at 22 weeks amenorrhoea was admitted in intensive care unit for massive and recurrent haemoptysis, enhanced by bouts of hypertension in a context of preeclampsia. Arteriography showed bronchial hypervascularisation, with abnormally dilated bronchial arteries, and a lot of collateral arteries. Three sessions of bronchial artery embolization have been performed with success. The management of idiopathic haemoptysis in pregnant woman seems to be based on the usual algorithm of management, emphasizing on the control of blood pressure, and the key role of interventional radiology.     

Utilisation bénéfique de facteur VIIa recombinant chez deux patients porteurs d’une assistance biventriculaire (Thoratec)

Massive bleeding is a dreaded complication of biventricular mechanical assistance implantation. Its origin is multifactorial. Blood products transfusion associated with correction of coagulopathy are sometimes insufficient. We report two cases of massive bleeding after a Thoratec^® biventricular assistance implantation. After surgical haemostasis failure and despite the correction of coagulation disorders, a major bleeding persisted, so these patients received a single injection of 90 μg/kg of rFVIIa. This allowed in both cases a significant reduction of the bleeding and the restoration of normal haemodynamic conditions. This treatment was not complicated by any thrombotic accident.     

French creativity in body contouring surgery

Since the end of (XIX)th century, many French surgeons have contributed in body contouring surgery evolution. In this article, the authors outline the most essential innovations as the invention of inflatable mammary implants by H.-G. Arion or fat remodeling surgery revolutionized with liposuction by Y.-G. Illouz. The authors end with a field, which is undergoing rapid changes: excess skin surgery. Before 2000, this surgery was known for its complications: necrosis, prolonged effusions, bad scarring. It was imperative to innovate since demand is exponential as the worldwide spread of obesity and massive weight loss which results from it.