三联药物方案对急性大面积脑梗死患者GCS评分、血红蛋白水平及不良反应的影响

目的研究三联药物方案对急性大面积脑梗死患者GCS评分、血红蛋白水平及不良反应的影响。方法选择2015.1~2016.12在我院治疗的急性大面积脑梗死患者110例。随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各55例,对照组采用常规治疗,实验组加用依达拉奉+醒脑静+大株红景天三联药物方案。比较两组患者的疗效、GCS评分、血红蛋白水平及血流动力学指标等。结果实验组患者的总有效率为94.55%,高于对照组80.00%的总有效率(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的NHISS评分、ADL评分和GCS评分均有所改善,实验组患者的NHISS评分低于对照组,ADL评分和GCS评分高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后实验组患者的全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原和血细胞比容水平低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的血红蛋白、CRP和IL-8水平均有所改善,实验组患者的血红蛋白、CRP和IL-8水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论急性大面积脑梗死患者采用依达拉奉+醒脑静+大株红景天三联药物方案治疗的疗效显著,可以改善患者的神经功能和血流动力学指标,降低炎症反应,安全性较好。     

Rosai-Dorfman disease mimicking meningiomatosis: a case report

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare idiopathic histioproliferative disease affecting the lymph nodes. Although extranodal involvement has been reported in diverse sites, central nervous system manifestations, particularly in the absence of nodal disease with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of meningioma, are extremely rare. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for a positive diagnosis. We report a case of RDD in a patient presenting multiple meningeal nodules with a review of the literature and discussion of differential diagnosis.     

Massive acetabular bone loss: Limits of trabecular metal cages

Massive acetabular bone loss (more than 50% of the acetabular area) can result in insufficient native bone for stable fixation and long-term bone ingrowth of conventional porous cups. The development of trabecular metal cages with osteoconductive properties may allow a more biological and versatile approach that will help restore bone loss, thus reducing the frequency of implant failure in the short-to-medium term. We report a case of massive bone loss affecting the dome of the acetabulum and the ilium, which was treated with a trabecular metal cage and particulate allograft. Although the trabecular metal components had no intrinsic stability, they did enhance osseointegration and incorporation of a non-impacted particulate graft, thus preventing failure of the reconstruction. The minimum 50% contact area between the native bone and the cup required for osseointegration with the use of porous cups may not hold for new trabecular metal cups, thus reducing the need for antiprotrusio cages. The osteoconductive properties of trabecular metal enhanced allograft incorportation and iliac bone rebuilding without the need to fill the defect with multiple wedges nor protect the reconstruction with an antiprotrusio cage.     

Shoulder muscle activation and coordination in patients with a massive rotator cuff tear: an electromyographic study

Adaptive muscle activation strategies following a massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT) are inadequately understood, and the relationship among muscles during everyday activities has not been considered. Thirteen healthy subjects comprised the control group, and 11 subjects with a MRCT the patient group. Upper limb function was assessed using the Functional Impairment test‐hand, neck, shoulder, and arm (FIT‐HaNSA). Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 13 shoulder muscles, comprising five muscle groups, during a shelf‐lifting task. Mean FIT‐HaNSA scores were significantly lower in MRCT patients (p ≤ 0.001), reflecting a severe functional deficit. In MRCT patients, EMG signal amplitude was significantly higher for the biceps brachii‐brachioradialis (p < 0.001), upper trapezius‐serratus anterior (p = 0.025), muscle groups and for the latissimus dorsi (p = 0.010), and teres major (p = 0.007) muscles. No significant differences in the correlation among muscle groups were identified, pointing to an unchanged neuromuscular strategy following a tear. In MRCT patients, a reorganization of muscle activation strategy along the upper limb kinetic chain is aimed at reducing demand on the glenohumeral joint. Increased activation of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles is an attempt to compensate for the deficient rotator cuff. Re‐education towards an alternate neuromuscular control strategy appears necessary to restore function. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1140–1146, 2012     

A Review of the Treatment of Pelvic Discontinuity

Pelvic discontinuity is a complex entity with a high surgical complication rate and no standardized treatment to date. Revision hip arthroplasty in cases of massive bone loss remains a difficult and unsolved problem. The goal of the surgeon is to preserve limb function by restoring bone stock and the biomechanics of the hip. In cases of severe acetabular bone loss, biologic fixation is often inadequate, requiring extensive bone grafting and reconstructive cages. Reconstructive cages are the most commonly used devices and are designed to bridge bone defects, protect the bone graft, and reestablish the rotation center of the hip. A major limitation of current cages is that they do not allow for biologic fixation. We review the options for treating patients with massive bone loss and pelvic discontinuity and discuss therapeutic options and the clinical and radiological criteria for success.     

巨脾切除术的技术要点

The spleen whose size reaches or exceeds third degree should be regarded as massive splenomegaly.Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly demands precise procedures.First,median incision on upper abdomen(or vertical rectus muscle splitting incision)and incision under left costal arch are preferred.Second,the spleen was freed and then 0.33 mg of epinephrine was injected via the splenic artery before splenic artery ligation.During the process,a cell saver helps to minimize blood loss and makes autoinfusion possible for patients with benign lesions.Third,preoperative administration of fibrinogen,platelet and essential styptieum combined with the cooperation between surgeons and anesthesi010gists are the key points of bloodless surgery which is important for the recovery of patients.Four common problems of splenectomy for massive splenomegaly should also be addressed,including operation discontinuance,perioperative hemorrhage,accessory injury and postoperative intractable fever.     

组织学与胚胎学慕课的建设和应用

组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的医学基础课程,该课程的理论及实验教学对提高医学生专业技能、培养学生综合性思维具有重要意义。为弥补传统课堂教学时空的局限性,提供学生在课堂学习以外的自学和复习工具,更有利于牢固掌握组织学与胚胎学的相关知识,为继续学习后续基础医学课程和临床课程打下坚实的基础,教研室基于慕课教学平台加强组织学与胚胎学课程建设,通过开展组织学与胚胎学慕课教学,旨在全面提升组织学与胚胎学教学质量,对培养创新型医学人才具有重要的意义。     

严重创伤失血性休克大剂量输血的并发症及防治对策

目的 探讨严重创伤失血性休克大剂量输血的并发症,并提出防治对策.方法 回顾性分析1997年8月到2006年8月本科收治的24例严重创伤失血性休克大剂量输血患者的临床资料.本组输血量4 200 ml-10 000 ml16例,10 000 ml-12 800 ml 8例;输血成分为红细胞、新鲜冰冻血浆、浓缩血小板、新鲜全血.4种成分血均输的有4例,输前3种的有4例,输前2种的有16例.结果 本组10例并发凝血功能障碍:上消化道出血伴皮肤紫斑、下消化道出血各2例,出现早期DIC3例,出现典型DIC3例.本组生存19例,死亡5例.直接死于创伤失血性休克2例,典型DIC 3例均死亡.并发代谢性酸中毒8例,低钠低氯1例无低血钾,低血钙2例但未出现抽搐,无代碱.结论 大剂量输血可以引起凝血功能障碍,水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱,低体温等并发症.提高麻醉和手术技能,减少出血;避免不合理输血;提倡成分输血;建立早期DIC的概念有望提高治愈率.     

急诊胃镜对急性上消化道出血的诊疗价值

目的探讨急诊胃镜及胃镜下治疗急性上消化道出血的价值。方法总结2003年6月-2008年5月我院79例急性上消化道出血患者采取急诊胃镜检查及治疗并提出体会。结果76例得到了确诊,确诊率为96.2%,69例治疗后未发现有再出血现象,止血成功率为88.2%。结论对急性上消化道出血患者,在条件允许情况下最好行急诊胃镜检查,其诊断率高;明确诊断的同时最好采取内镜下给予止血治疗,内镜下病灶直观,止血效果好。在行急诊胃镜同时要强化术前准备,做好外科手术及抢救准备。     

冠心病患者择期PCI术后消化道大出血的危险因素

目的研究冠心病患者择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后消化道大出血(MGH)的发生率及危险因素。方法连续入选2012年1月至2014年12月期间在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心血管内科行择期PCI的非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者4239例。根据择期PCI术后1年内是否发生MGH分为两组:MGH组(n=47)和非MGH组(n=4192)。对比两组患者的临床资料及随访1年后的MGH事件及死亡率。结果随访1年,MGH的发生率为1.11%(47/4239)。MGH组患者术前使用华法林和低分子肝素的比例显著高于非MGH组(P0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,冠心病择期PCI患者术后MGH的独立危险因素为75岁(OR=1.25,P=0.031)、贫血(OR=1.18,P=0.037)、消化道出血史(OR=1.49,P=0.005)和慢性肾功能不全(OR=2.27,P=0.001)。随访1年后,MGH组患者的死亡率显著高于非MGH组(6.4%vs 3.2%,P0.001)。结论使用抗血小板聚集药物时应根据患者的年龄、体质量和肾功能调整药物类型和剂量,并注意积极纠正贫血和保护肾功能。