血清补体系统在流行性出血热患者中的变化及其意义

应用单向免疫扩散法测定了流行性出血热(EHF)患者的7种补体成份和血浆素原(Pg).结果表明,CT脂酶抑制剂在少尿期、多尿期和恢复期均高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_1q在多尿期高于正常(P<0.01);补体C_4在发热期和少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),以后逐渐恢复正常;补体C_3,C_5和C_9的变化与C_4相似;B因子在少尿期低于正常(P<0.01),在多尿期高于正常(P<0.05);Pg始终高于正常水平但在少尿期有回降.说明EHF患者不仅有补体经典途径的识别阶段、活化阶段和膜攻击阶段的变化,而且亦有旁路激活,其活化程度与病情有关.     

Pheophytin a, a low molecular weight compound found in the marine brown alga Sargassum fulvellum, promotes the differentiation of PC12 cells

We identified and characterized a neurodifferentiation compound from the marine brown alga Sargassum fulvellum collected from the Japanese coastline. Several instrumental analyses revealed the compound to be pheophytin a. Pheophytin a did not itself promote neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. However, when PC12 cells were treated with a low concentration of pheophytin a (3.9 microg/ml) in the presence of a low level of nerve growth factor (10 ng/ml), the compound produced neurite outgrowth similar to that produced by a high level of nerve growth factor (50 ng/ml). Pheophytin a also enhanced signal transduction in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which is also induced by nerve growth factor. The effect of pheophytin a on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was completely blocked by U0126, a representative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that pheophytin a enhances the neurodifferentiation of PC12 cells in the presence of a low level of nerve growth factor and that this effect is mediated by activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.     

突触功能必需基因参与线虫衰老的调控(英文)

目的鉴定参与线虫衰老的神经内分泌调控的新基因。方法鉴于神经系统在衰老调控中的重要作用,通过寿命分析和脂褐质自发荧光的检测,从编码突触蛋白的遗传位点中筛选参与衰老调控的基因。我们还进一步检查了这些遗传位点相应的突变体的永久性幼虫形成情况,探讨它们是否可能受胰岛素样信号通路的调控。结果遗传位点 unc-10,syd-2,hlb-1,dlk-1,mkk-4,scd-2,snb-1,ric-4,nrx-1,unc-13,sbt-1,unc-64 可能参与线虫衰老的调控。而且在衰老的调控中,unc-10,syd-2,hlb-1,dlk-1,mkk-4,scd-2,snb-1,ric-4,nrx-1 的功能可能与unc-13,sbt-1,unc-64相反。肠道脂褐质自发荧光的检测进一步证明了筛选出的各基因对应突变体的长寿或短寿表型,是由减慢或缩短的组织衰老所致。在筛选出的基因中,syd-2,hlb-1,mkk-4,scd-2,snb-1,ric-4,unc-64 也参与了永久性幼虫形成的调控。另外,daf-2突变增强了syd-2和hlb-1的表达,降低了mkk-4,nrx-1,ric-4,sbt-1,rpm-1,unc-10,dlk-1,unc-13 的表达。daf-16突变提高了syd-2和 hlb-1 的表达,降低了mkk-4,nrx-1,sbt-1,rpm-1,unc-10,dlk-1,unc-13 的表达. 结论突触功能可能在个体寿命和永久性幼虫形成的调控机制中具有重要的作用。     

佩尔地平治疗妊娠高血压病人的护理管理路径

目的探讨护理管理路径在应用佩尔地平治疗的重度子痫前期病人的效果，以期达到最佳的治疗效果，并减少并发症的发生。方法将用佩尔地平针治疗的重度子痫前期的病人486例随机分为两组，一组按常规护理，另一组按制定的护理管理路径护理。结果患者依从性对照组为168例，占70％；观察组为228例，占92．68％，P〈0．05，其差异有统计学意义。胎死宫内发生率对照组为9．16％，观察组为0．81％，P〈0．05，其差异有统计学意义。血压的稳定性对照组为36．3％，观察组为97．6％，P〈0．05，其差异有统计学意义。结论护理管理路径可以提高重度妊娠高血压疾病的治疗效果，减少并发症的发生。     

A new method for application of force to cells via ferric oxide beads

 We describe a new method that uses straightforward physics to apply force to substrate-attached cells. In this method, collagen-coated magnetic ferric oxide beads attach to the dorsal surface of cells via receptors of the integrin family, and a magnetic field gradient is applied to produce a force. In this paper we present a complete characterization of the method in a configuration that is easy to use, in which a permanent magnet provides a fairly uniform gradient over a relatively large area. This allows a fairly uniform average force that can be controlled in magnitude, direction, and duration to be applied to a large number of cells. We show how to determine the applied force per cell by measuring the force per unit volume of magnetic bead, the distribution of bead diameters, and the distribution of beads per cell. We also show how to calculate the force per unit volume of bead in a three-dimensional region near the permanent magnet on the basis of field measurements, and present results for three of the magnets. An upward force applied to fibroblasts by this method produces a measurable time-dependent increase in attachment of cytoskeletal actin filaments to the force application points, and an increase in actin cross-linking. This is accompanied by an actin-dependent retraction of the force-induced upward movement of the dorsal surface of the cells. Received: 27 February 1997 / Received after revision: 10 August 1997 / Accepted: 1 September 1997     

Modulation of infection-induced inflammation and locomotive deficit and longevity in senescence-accelerated mice-prone (SAMP8) model by the oligomerized polyphenol Oligonol.

Oligonol is produced from the oligomerization of polyphenols (typically proanthocyanidin from a variety of fruits such as lychees, grapes, apples, persimmons, etc.) and contains catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins. The ability of Oligonol to affect infection-dependent eye inflammation, locomotion and longevity in senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) (a model of senescence acceleration and geriatric disorders with increased oxidative stress and neuronal deficit) was investigated. Oligonol (60mg/kg) significantly modulated the extent of inflammation scores in the eye of SAMP8 mice. Examination of the mice indicated infection with mouse hepatitis virus and pinworm (Syphacia obvelata) in both males and females and with the intestinal protozoa (trichomonad) in males. A comparison of the two groups (using log-rank test) and the difference in the mean life span between groups (using Student's t-test) indicated significant differences in survival (p=0.043) and the mean life span (p=0.033) in male SAMP8 mice. Oligonol increased the mean life span and this was statistically significant. In the open-field locomotive test, the 7-week-old SAMP8 mice crossed more than 40 partitioned lines in 1min. At 48-week-old control untreated male SAMP8 crossed 2 lines. The Oligonol-treated 48-week-old male SAMP8 mice crossed 17 lines however. The improved locomotive activity was statistically significant even after 36weeks in the Oligonol-treated male SAMP8 but this was not the case throughout the time course of the study in the Oligonol-treated female SAMP8. Thus Oligonol treatment to SAMP8 mice modulated the severity of infection-dependent inflammation, prolonged life-span and significantly improved locomotive activity indicating potential benefit to aging-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. This presents potential for further research to define infection-dependent inflammation associated with degenerative conditions and the molecular mechanism of dietary antioxidant protection.     

The surfaces of the parasitic nematodes Trichinella spiralis and Toxocara canis differ in the binding of post-C3 components of human complement by the alternative pathway

The binding of human complement components C3, C5 and C9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasites Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. This showed that although C3 bound to both nematodes, they differed markedly in the binding of C5 and C9; C5 bound only minimally to T. spiralis, and C9 binding to this parasite was barely detectable. In contrast, both early and late components bound to T. canis to a high density, comparable to, or in excess of, the binding of these components to the infective larvae of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. The lack of binding of the post-C3 components to T. spiralis did not correlate with enhanced binding of the control protein, Factor H.     

临床护理路径在臀肌挛缩症患者健康教育中的应用

目的 探讨应用临床护理路径对臀肌孪缩症患者健康教育的效果。方法 将60例臀肌挛缩症患者分为对照组（n=30）和实验组（n=30），对照组采用常规教育方法，实验组按制定好的健康教育路径进行教育，将两组患者的健康教育达标率、对护理工作的满意度进行比较。结果 两组患者在健康教育达标率、对护理工作的满意度方面比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 对臀肌挛缩症患者运用护理手段进行健康教育后提高了患者的健康教育达标率，提高了护理工作的满意度，效果优于常规教育方法。     

Demonstration of Right and Left Atrial Dissociation by Atrial Rapid Pacing or Extrastimulation During Fast-Slow (Uncommon) Form of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Some recent works suggest that extranodal atrial fibers may form part of the reenlry circuit in the atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). This hypothesis is based on the fact that the perinodal dissection successfully abolished AVNRT while preserving intact AV conduction. Apart from the surgical success, the electrophysiological evidence supporting this hypothesis has not been demonstrated, especially in the uncommon (fast-slow) form of AVNRT. We present some electrophysiological evidence suggesting atrial participation in eight patients with the fast-slow form of AVNRT. During the tachycardia, rapid pacing or extrastimulation was done from the orifice of the coronary sinus (CS) and the right atrium (RA), while recording the electrograms of the CS and the low septal RA. In seven patients, right and left atrial dissociation was demonstrated during pacing from the RA, while in the remaining one this was demonstrated from the CS. The interatrial dissociation will be unlikely if the intranodal reentry circuit connects with the atria via a single upper common pathway. This suggests that the upper turnaround of the reentry circuit involves atrial tissue and that the extranodal accessory pathway with long conduction times may form the ascending limb of the circuit (atrionodal reentry). Alternatively, the reentry circuit is entirely intranodal and two or more connecting pathways are present between the atria and the circuit.     

Chrome congestive heart failure: Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways: implications of accumulated experience and time dedicated to procedures

Previous reports on radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathwayshave shown that the experience of the operator is of crucialimportance in reducing fluoroscopy time and achieving highersuccess rates. However, a detailed analysis of this importantissue has not been previously attempted We analysed 71 consecutive ablation procedures undertaken atSt George's Hospital by the same electrophysiology group andalways with the same first operator. Of all procedures, 66 (916%)were successful, as judged by abolition of accessory pathwayconduction without recurrence within the next 24 h. Failuresincluded two out of 38 left-sided pathway procedures (5·3%),one out of 11 intermediate septal (9·1%) and four outof 22 right-sided pathway procedures (18·2%). These differencewere not statistically significant. Average procedure and screeningtimes for all procedures were 162·9±86·0min and 56·8±48·2 mm respectively, whereasthe median of the number of discharges was 12, ranging fromone to 51. There was no significant difference between pathwaygroups or between concealed and non-concealed pathways in respectto procedure and screening time or number of discharges. Therewas a significant tendency towards decreased procedure and screeningtimes with accwnulating experience and this was similar forall pathway groups. There was also a tendency towards improvedcwnulative success rates with time dedicated to procedures. We conclude that a certain amount of ablation experience isrequired, even by experienced electrophysiologists, before arelatively high success rate without long radiation exposurecan be achieved, regardless of the location or the mode of conductionof the pathway. Success rates increase with procedure time,suggesting that early abandonment of the procedure may resultin higher failure rates in diffcult cases.