血脂与血管内超声-虚拟组织学评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质

目的:探讨血脂和血管内超声-虚拟组织(IVUS-VH)学评价急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和稳定性心绞痛(SA)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质。方法:对44例ACS患者及22例SA患者行IVUS-VH分析,并对其血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a[LP(a)]进行测定,计算LDL-C/HDL-C比值,分析冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块坏死核心(NC)所占的比例与LP(a)、LDL-C/HDL-C的相关关系。结果:ACS组斑块中NC和钙化组织比例明显高于SA组(t=4.669、9.894,P<0.001),而纤维组织及纤维脂肪组织则明显低于SA组(t=7.184、5.290,P<0.001)。ACS组患者血清LDL-C/HDL-C、LP(a)水平高于SA组患者(t=3.512、19.139,P<0.001)。ACS组患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中NC比例与血清LP(a)水平有显著的相关性(r=0.549,P<0.001)。结论:LP(a)可能代替IVUS-VH帮助了解冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质。     

健脾益肾颗粒联合常规西医方案治疗糖尿病肾病的血清学指标评估

目的:研究健脾益肾颗粒联合常规西医方案治疗对糖尿病肾病患者血清学指标的影响.方法:选择本院收治的糖尿病肾病患者进行研究,根据治疗方案不同分为两组,联合组接受健脾益肾颗粒联合常规西医方案治疗、西医组仅接受常规西医方案治疗.治疗后采集血清并检测肾脏功能指标、脂质代谢指标以及肝功能指标.结果:(1)肾脏功能指标:与西医组的肾脏功能指标比较,联合组血清中肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(CysC)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、FKN含量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)脂质代谢指标:与西医组的脂质代谢指标比较,联合组血清中脂蛋白a(Lp-a)、载脂蛋白CⅡ(apoCⅡ)、载脂蛋白CⅢ(apoCⅢ)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、Nesfatin-1、Apelin含量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)肝功能指标:与西医组的肝功能指标比较,联合组血清中Ⅰ型胶原(I-C)、Ⅲ型胶原(Ⅲ-C)、ⅣV型胶原(ⅣV-C)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、α-谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(α-GST)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GLDH)含量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:健脾益肾颗粒联合常规西医方案治疗有助于改善肾功能和肝功能、调节脂质代谢,是治疗糖尿病肾病的理想方法.     

Natural Volcanic Material as a Sustainable Photocatalytic Material for Pollutant Degradation under Solar Irradiation

Recently, photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a solid approach for efficient wastewater cleaning. Using natural materials as photocatalysts means a promising solution to develop green catalysts for environmental purposes. This work aimed to study the suitability of a natural volcanic material (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain) as a photocatalytic material for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater with solar energy. After analysing the properties of the natural material (BET surface 0.188 m²/g and band-gap of 3 eV), the photocatalytic activity was evaluated at laboratory and pilot plant scale for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water (50 mg L⁻¹), at 20 °C, during a period of 4 h, under UV/Vis light and solar irradiation. Photolytic and adsorption studies were developed to distinguish the photocatalytic contribution to the wastewater decontamination process by photocatalysis. Our results enable us to determine the viability of black sand as a photocatalytic material activated by solar irradiation (photodegradation of MB up to 100% by using solar energy), developing a natural and green photocatalytic system with significantly high potential for application in a sustainable wastewater cleaning process.     

Al2O3-Coated Si-Alloy Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Silicon-based anodes can increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their large weights and volumetric capacities. However, repeated charging and discharging can rapidly deteriorate the electrochemical properties because of a large volume change in the electrode. In this study, a commercial Fe-Si powder was coated with Al₂O₃ layers of different thicknesses via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prevent the volume expansion of Si and suppress the formation of crack-induced solid electrolyte interfaces. The Al₂O₃ content was controlled by adjusting the trimethyl aluminum exposure time, and higher Al₂O₃ contents significantly improved the electrochemical properties. In 300 cycles, the capacity retention rate of a pouch full-cell containing the fabricated anodes increased from 69.8% to 72.3% and 79.1% depending on the Al₂O₃ content. The powder characterization and coin and pouch cell cycle evaluation results confirmed the formation of an Al₂O₃ layer on the powder surface. Furthermore, the expansion rate observed during the charging/discharging of the pouch cell indicated that the deposited layer suppressed the powder expansion and improved the cell stability. Thus, the performance of an LIB containing Si-alloy anodes can be improved by coating an ALD-synthesized protective Al₂O₃ layer.     

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC): A State-of-the-Art Review

The interest of researchers in UHPC has increased over the past decade. It is crucial to understand the structural behavior of reinforced UHPC (R/UHPC) components under various loading conditions before they can be used as a replacement for conventional concrete. Although several studies on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) have been conducted, the knowledge is scattered, and no one can easily judge the performance and methodology of UPHC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the research studies already carried out on UHPC. The review focuses on the materials’ physical and chemical composition, mechanical and durability characteristics, fire resistance, and environmental benefits of UHPC. Design considerations for effectively utilizing UHPC in structural elements are also presented. The best UHPFRC mixture is obtainable with a steel fiber content of 2–3% and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.2–0.3. The review also discusses the essentials recommendation for future research on UHPC.     

Embossing Pressure Effect on Mechanical and Softness Properties of Industrial Base Tissue Papers with Finite Element Method Validation

Embossing is a converting process in which the surface of a tissue paper sheet is changed under high pressure, allowing different functions. In this work, the authors intend to study how the embossing pressure affects the main properties of tissue paper, using a laboratory embossing system. An optimum pressure was achieved at 2.8 bar to this embossing laboratory set-up. The effect of pressure when densifying the paper sheet gives it a gain in mechanical strength but no differences in terms of liquid absorbency. The two embossing patterns present different behaviors but both evidence losses in mechanical and softness properties. On the other hand, the finite element method (FEM) does not show clear evidence of how the pressure affects the paper strength. For the deco die, it is possible to observe that the amount of yielding is slightly higher for lower pressure (2.4 bar), but this plasticity state parameter is very similar for 2.8 bar and 3.2 bar. For the micro die, FEM simulations of the manufacturing pressure do not show a considerable impact on the amount of plasticity state of the material; only for 3.2 bar, it shows a change in the pattern of the plasticity state of the paper during the embossing processes. In the end, to achieve a final product with excellent quality, it is important to make a compromise between the various properties.     

单纯性肥胖症儿童血浆脂联素水平及脂代谢紊乱临床意义研究

目的 探讨儿童期合并单纯性肥胖症与血浆脂联素(adiponectin)的关系,分析脂肪代谢紊乱相关因素.方法 选择2008年12月至2009年12月在本院保健科门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖症患儿105例纳入肥胖组.其中,男性为73例,女性为32例;年龄为6～13岁,平均为(8.99±1.94)岁;体重指数(body mass index,BMI)为(25.25±3.60)kg/m2.随机抽取同期在本院门诊体检的体重指数正常儿童50例纳入对照组.其中,男性为30例,女性为20例;年龄为6～13岁,平均为(8.78±1.66)岁;体重指数为(16.78±1.40)kg/m2(两组均排除遗传、代谢、内分泌等疾病)(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,分组征得患儿监护人的知情同意,并签署临床研究知情同意书).采用ELISA法检测血浆脂联素水平.免疫比浊法测定血脂包括甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC);血脂蛋白包括载脂蛋白A(apolipoprotein A,ApoA),载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,ApoB);血生化指标包括谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT),谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST),尿酸(uric acid,UA),血糖(blood sugar,BS).分析脂联素与体重指数、血脂及脂蛋白间的相关性.并行常规肝脏超声检查,明确非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)发病率.结果 ①肥胖组儿童血浆脂联素水平低于对照组,两组比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.01).②肥胖组儿童甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B、谷草转氨酶、血糖水平升高与对照组比较,差异无显著意义 (P<0.05);肥胖组儿童血总胆固醇、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白、尿酸水平升高与对照组比较,差异有显著意义(P>0.05);③血浆脂联素与体重指数呈负相关(r=-0.33,P<0.01),与载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、总胆固醇、甘油三酯亦呈负相关(r=-0.138,r=-0.06,r=-0.09,r=-0.12),但差异无显著意义(P>0.05).④肥胖组脂肪肝和非酒精性脂肪肝病检出率分别为20.21%(19/94)和9.57% (9/94),对照组均为0.00 (0/50).两组两种疾病检出率比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05).结论 作为新型脂源性激素,血浆脂联素水平变化与儿童单纯性肥胖症发病相关,脂联素变化早于部分血脂成分改变.检测血浆脂联素,常规肝脏超声检查,有助于早期判断儿童单纯性肥胖症发展趋势,为儿童单纯性肥胖症、脂肪代谢紊乱的早期防治开拓新的思路.     

50例煤矿工人肺组织化学成份分析

本文报告了50例尸解煤矿工人肺组织生化成份及SiO_2含量(mg/g干肺)的分析结果。测定结果表明,矽肺和煤矽肺组总类脂与胆固醇含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),矽肺组磷脂亦有显著增高(p<0.01)。Ⅰ期煤工尘肺的总类脂、磷脂显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而Ⅱ期煤工尘肺的SiO_2含量显著增高(P<0.01),胶原亦有增高的趋势。当煤工并发肺癌或结核时,胆固醇明显增高(P<0.05)。 由此可见,肺组织化学成份的含量随煤工尘肺的不同类型和不同期别,以及有无合并症而有不同。     

protection by vitamin E against endothelial cell injury by linoleic acid hydroperoxides

Exposure to 90 μM albumin-bound linoleic acid (18:2) for 24 hours significantly increased the rate of albumin transfer across cultured endothelial monolayers. Linoleic acid hydroperoxides (18:2-OOH) further accelerated the rate of albumin transfer over that of 18:2. Cells exposed to 18:2-OOH but not 18:2 caused a marked release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the media. Prior cellular incubation with media containing 25 μM vitamin E for 24 hours protected endothelial cells from injury by 18:2 and 18:2-OOH, as evidenced by a decreased rate of albumin transfer across the endothelium as well as reduced release of LDH into the media. These results suggest that vitamin E may provide protection against endothelial cell injury resulting from expusure to fatty acid hydroperoxides     

Electrical Potentiometry with Intraoral Applications

Dental implants currently in use are mainly made of titanium or titanium alloys. As these metallic elements are immersed in an electrolytic medium, galvanic currents are produced between them or with other metals present in the mouth. These bimetallic currents have three potentially harmful effects on the patient: micro-discharges, corrosion, and finally, the dispersion of metal ions or their oxides, all of which have been extensively demonstrated in vitro. In this original work, a system for measuring the potentials generated in vivo is developed. Specifically, it is an electrogalvanic measurements system coupled with a periodontal probe that allows measurement of the potentials in the peri-implant sulcus. This device was tested and verified in vitro to guarantee its applicability in vivo. As a conclusion, this system is able to detect galvanic currents in vitro and it can be considered capable of being employed in vivo, so to assess the effects they may cause on dental implants.