Differential Effects of Obesity,Hyperlipidaemia, Dietary Intake and Physical Inactivity on Type I versus Type IV Allergies

Background: Alongside metabolic diseases (esp. obesity), allergic disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. Since both obesity and allergies are highly impacted by environmental determinants, with this study we assessed the potential link between metabolic implications and two distinct types of allergies. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the German FoCus cohort, n = 385 allergy cases, either hay fever (=type I allergy, n = 183) or contact allergy (=type IV allergy, n = 202) were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (1:1 ratio, in total n = 770) regarding their metabolic phenotype, diet, physical activity, sleep, gut microbial composition, and serum metabolite profile using suitable BMI-adjusted models. Results: Obesity and metabolic alterations were found significantly more prevalent in subjects with allergies. In fact, this relation was more pronounced in contact allergy than hay fever. Subsequent BMI-adjusted analysis reveals particular importance of co-occurring hyperlipidaemia for both allergy types. For contact allergy, we revealed a strong association to the dietary intake of poly-unsaturated fatty acids, particularly α-linolenic acid, as well as the enrichment of the corresponding metabolic pathway. For hay fever, there were no major associations to the diet but to a lower physical activity level, shorter duration of sleep, and an altered gut microbial composition. Finally, genetic predisposition for hyperlipidaemia was associated to both contact allergy and hay fever. Conclusions: Reflected by higher allergy prevalence, our findings indicate an impaired immune response in obesity and hyperlipidaemia, which is differentially regulated in type I and type IV allergies by an unfavourable lifestyle constellation and subsequent microbial and metabolic dysfunctions.     

深圳市某医院护士健康促进生活方式现状及影响因素研究

目的探讨深圳市某医院护士健康促进生活方式现状及其相关影响因素。方法采用健康促进生活方式量表和一般资料调查表,对深圳市某医院667名护士进行问卷调查。结果调查对象健康促进生活方式量表总分为128.5±19.5分,条目平均得分为2.5±0.4分,其中人际关系得分最高,为24.2±4.2分,其次为自我实现,为24.1±4.4分,运动锻炼得分最低,为17.1±4.1分。低年龄组、文化程度为高中或中专、职称低的调查对象,其量表得分较低(P<0.05);睡眠状况较好者其量表得分较高,健康促进生活方式较好(P<0.05);不同科室、不同婚姻状况的调查对象,其量表得分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相关管理人员应加强对年龄小、文化程度低、工龄短、职称低、睡眠差护士的健康教育,促使其采取健康的生活方式,以增进其健康生活理念和身心健康,从而提升临床护理质量。     

中盖艾滋病项目覆盖区域中高危人群干预效果的评价分析

目的 评价高危人群干预措施效果,为制定相关政策和资源分配提供依据.方法 对中盖项目中高危人群和普通人群进行KABP调查,进行对比分析.结果 国家M&E框架知晓率达到87.92%,UNGASS知晓率达到83.33%.对比2次问卷调查结果,高危人群的知晓率有明显提高(P＜0.05).女性涉性人员中"最近一次商业性行为安全套...     

胃癌高低发区居民生活方式及疾病史的比较

目的：比较胃癌高发区（淮安市）和低发区（邳州市）自然人群在生活方式和疾病史方面的异同,寻求胃癌高发流行的可能原因。方法：用整群抽样的方法在两地选取5年及5年以上的常住居民作为调查对象,在一定的时间内用统一的调查表对所有的对象进行调查。各调查指标用X2检验进行统计分析。结果：本次研究中获得523个有效作本（淮安270个,邳州253个）。X2检验结果表明淮安市居民吃肉食的频率、慢性胃炎史、消化性溃疡史、家族胃癌史、自觉消化系统症状及饮茶率均高于邳州市居民,而邳州市居民食葱蒜频率和男性吸烟率明显高于淮安市居民。结论：胃癌高低发区居民在生活方式和疾病史等方面存在较大的差异。     

Prevalence of overweight in north Florida elementary and middle school children: effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status

BACKGROUND: The number of overweight children has been rapidly increasing, although its prevalence varies by age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic (SES) status. METHODS: Height and weight assessments were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI percentile on more than 17,000 children in 1 north Florida school district's elementary and middle schools. Based on the child's BMI percentile, each child was placed into 1 of 4 groups: underweight, normal, at risk for overweight, and overweight. Logistic regression was used to test the relative contribution of sex, ethnicity, school (elementary vs middle), age, and SES (indicated by free/reduced vs full-pay lunch status) to a child's weight classification. RESULTS: Overall, 36.2% of the children were either overweight (18.9%) or at risk for overweight (17.4%). Approximately 30% of the kindergarten children were overweight (14.0%) or at risk for overweight (15.5%). African American children were most likely to begin kindergarten overweight. The prevalence of overweight increased for all ethnic groups during the elementary school years. However, African American girls and Hispanic boys were more likely to be overweight than any other ethnic group; Asian girls were least likely to be overweight. These findings could not be readily explained by the effects of SES. Higher SES appeared to be protective but only for white and Hispanic children. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the increasing prevalence of overweight in US school children, especially among African American girls and Hispanic boys.     

靶向抑制存活素表达对卵巢癌细胞株生物学行为的影响和意义

目的：通过存活素（ Survivin）反义寡核苷酸（ ASODN）转染人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞株抑制存活素Survivin蛋白表达,分析靶向抑制 Survivin 表达对卵巢癌细胞生长、细胞周期改变、凋亡、侵袭迁移能力的影响和意义。方法用脂质体（LipofectamineTM2000）介导Survivin ASODN转染人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3,通过四唑盐比色法（MTT法）分析细胞生长活性改变,通过流式细胞仪检测Survivin蛋白表达改变、细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,通过Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭迁移能力的改变。结果转染Survivin ASODN后卵巢癌细胞株中Survivin蛋白表达明显下降（t＝7．82,P＜0．01）。细胞生长明显减慢（F＝3．75,P＜0．01）,600nm/L ASODN转染48小时细胞存活率为49．50±20．76％,接近IC50值。细胞凋亡明显增加（t＝6．37,P＜0．05）,细胞增殖明显下降（t＝-10．35,P＜0．01）,更多的细胞停留在G0/G1期（t＝10．38,P＜0．01）。细胞迁移和侵袭能力下降（t值分别为19．26、27．42,均P＜0．01）。结论 Survivin ASODN通过靶向抑制卵巢癌细胞存活素表达,可抑制细胞生长,促进细胞凋亡,减少进入有丝分裂的细胞数,降低细胞的侵袭迁移能力,从而达到治疗卵巢癌的作用。靶向抑制存活素的治疗将成为卵巢癌治疗的重要手段。     

Risky sexual behaviors among sexually active first-year students matriculating at a historically Black college: Is a positive self-image an instigator?

A sample of 498 sexually active first-year students matriculating at a historically Black college in North Carolina was used to determine correlates of risky sexual behaviors. In an Ordinary Least Squares regression, the self-esteem element “I take a positive attitude toward myself” (B = 1.12, p = .05), non-condom use because of partner issues (B = .53, p = .05) and being drunk or high (B = 1.20, p = .001), oral sex (B = 1.74, p = .001), anal sex (B = .61, p = .04), and bisexuality (B = .85, p = .03) all increased the number of these behaviors. Higher scores on the condom usage scale (B = –.38, p = .002) were found to decrease the number of risky sexual behaviors. Illicit drug use was an underpinning of the surprisingly positive relationship between positive self-image and risky sexual behaviors. It was concluded that school-based social workers, mental health care professionals, and community-based prevention providers can play a critical role in the training of peer facilitators, development, and supervision of peer-driven risk-reduction programs to address the complex interplay among self-esteem, sex, and substances.     

Oxidative Balance Score during Pregnancy Is Associated with Oxidative Stress in the CANDLE Study

The objective of this study was to calculate an oxidative balance score (OBS) utilizing diet and lifestyle information collected from 1322 women during the second trimester of pregnancy in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood study. An energy-adjusted OBS was calculated using nutrient information from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), lifestyle measures, and plasma folate and vitamin D levels. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, 91 food items from the FFQ were selected and they accounted for 82% of the variance in the OBS, with cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, fruit juice, and coffee being among the highest anti-oxidant predictors, and red meats and alcohol among the highest pro-oxidant contributors. Urinary F₂-isoprostane, an objective indicator of oxidative stress, was lower with increasing OBS quintiles in a stairstep manner (p for trend = 0.0003), suggesting the possible utility of the OBS as an indicator of oxidative stress. The OBS was moderately correlated with the Healthy Eating Index (correlation coefficient = 0.6076), suggesting it provides a distinct measure of a healthy diet. In conclusion, the OBS may serve as a valid reflective indicator of urinary F₂-isoprostanes and an epidemiological tool to inform intervention studies, in order to minimize oxidative stress during pregnancy.     

Early Feeding Factors and Eating Behaviors among Children Aged 1–3: A Cross-Sectional Study

Early nutrition plays a crucial role not only in providing essential nutrients for proper child development, but may also be an important step in creating desirable eating behaviors, which can be transmitted into adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess possible links between early feeding factors, such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding (timing and method) as well as types of complementary foods and mealtime environment during the first three months of complementary feeding and eating behaviors in children aged 1–3 years old. This cross-sectional, online survey involved 467 mothers of toddlers aged 1–3 years old from the whole of Poland. The questionnaire consisted of questions about early feeding and the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). The adjusted linear regression model revealed that longer duration of any breastfeeding was negatively related to enjoyment of food (EF), desire to drink (DD) and positively related to satiety responsiveness (SR) and slowness in eating (SE) subscales. Moreover, offering homemade complementary foods more often than commercial may be related to higher SR. Eating meals during distraction seems to be negatively associated with EF, and positively with DD and SE subscales. Our study highlights possible links between early feeding factors and toddlers’ eating behaviors, so further investigation, also including dietary factors, is needed.     

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) and 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 healthy younger controls (CTLs). In addition, the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to the GM phenotype was assessed by comparing a subgroup of seven centenarian parents (CPAR) with a paired cohort of centenarians’ offspring (COFF). The analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was identified as the main biomarker in CENT, together with its members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia and Akkermansia muciniphila. In NON, the strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium, while in CTLs were related to the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides and Bacteroides spp. Intestinal microbiota of CPAR and COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa and clinical and lifestyle data, especially with Mediterranean diet adherence, were observed. We observed a harmonically balanced intestinal community structure in which the increase in taxa associated with intestinal health would limit and counteract the action of potentially pathogenic bacterial species in centenarians. The GM of long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, as confirmed by functional analysis. The GM analysis of centenarians’ offspring suggest that genetics and environmental factors act synergistically as a multifactorial cause in the modulation of GM towards a phenotype similar to that of centenarians, although these findings need to be confirmed by larger study cohorts and by prospective studies.