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21.
温州市外来流动人口传染病的监测 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:为了解温州市流动人口传染病的发病情况,加强这些人群的传染病防制和监测工作。方法:我们对温州市1997-2000年甲,乙类传染病报告资料进行调查,整理和分析。结果:(1)流动人口传染病年均报告发病率为44.75/10万;(2)省外流动人口传染病报告发病率(55.55/10万)高于省内(12.03/10万);(3)流动人口传染病发病率以呼吸道,肠道,血源和性传播疾病为高,而虫媒与自然疫源性疾病和新生儿破伤风相对较低;(4)流动人口中肺结核,乙肝,甲肝和痢疾的发病率较高,其发病数均占总病数的10%以上;(5)流动人口疟疾和新生儿破伤风发病率高于当地人群,而其它传染病发病率则低于当地人群。结论:目前,流动人口传染病问题已日益突出,对社会稳定和经济发展将发生严重影响,采取合适的防制措施对控制流动人口传染病是非常迫切和必要的。 相似文献
22.
Amir Kimia MD John S. Brownstein PhD Karen L. Olson PhD Victor Zak PhD Florence T. Bourgeois MD MPH Kenneth D. Mandl MD MPH 《Academic emergency medicine》2006,13(7):767-773
Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is incorporating laboratory data into real-time surveillance systems. When normal patterns of laboratory test orders and results are modeled, aberrations can be detected. Because many test orders are available electronically well before results, atypical patterns of test ordering may signal outbreaks.
Objectives: The authors sought to characterize baseline patterns in the ordering and early results of lumbar punctures, motivated by the possibility of using these data for real-time surveillance for early detection of meningitis or encephalitis outbreaks.
Methods: Retrospective cohorts of pediatric emergency department patients at a single hospital (1993–2003) and from the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1992–2000) were used for analysis.
Results: Test ordering exhibits seasonal patterns, with monthly peaks in January and August (p < 0.0001). For the hospital cohort, the rate of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis exhibits seasonal patterns (p < 0.0001), with a peak from August to October. This is strongly associated with the rate and pattern of clinical neurologic disease (p < 0.0001). A long-term secular decline in daily test ordering is evident, dropping from 5.3 to 2.9 in the hospital sample, and from 371.8 to 185.3 in the national sample (p < 0.001). The long-term rate of pleocytosis has declined (p < 0.0001), though the yield of testing for pleocytosis has improved (p = 0.0104).
Conclusions: Laboratory test patterns correspond with those of clinical disease and are a promising source of surveillance data. Using such data for real-time monitoring requires specific adjustments for patient age, periodicities, and secular trends. 相似文献
Objectives: The authors sought to characterize baseline patterns in the ordering and early results of lumbar punctures, motivated by the possibility of using these data for real-time surveillance for early detection of meningitis or encephalitis outbreaks.
Methods: Retrospective cohorts of pediatric emergency department patients at a single hospital (1993–2003) and from the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1992–2000) were used for analysis.
Results: Test ordering exhibits seasonal patterns, with monthly peaks in January and August (p < 0.0001). For the hospital cohort, the rate of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis exhibits seasonal patterns (p < 0.0001), with a peak from August to October. This is strongly associated with the rate and pattern of clinical neurologic disease (p < 0.0001). A long-term secular decline in daily test ordering is evident, dropping from 5.3 to 2.9 in the hospital sample, and from 371.8 to 185.3 in the national sample (p < 0.001). The long-term rate of pleocytosis has declined (p < 0.0001), though the yield of testing for pleocytosis has improved (p = 0.0104).
Conclusions: Laboratory test patterns correspond with those of clinical disease and are a promising source of surveillance data. Using such data for real-time monitoring requires specific adjustments for patient age, periodicities, and secular trends. 相似文献
23.
Weimin Hu Deborah Kelly Barnard Esther Parker Ann Thomas 《环境与职业医学》2007,24(1):117-119
A drinking water supply is a complicated system in its construction,operation,maintenance and need for public health surveillance. 相似文献
24.
B. J. M. Vlaminckx W. van Pelt J. F. P. Schellekens 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2005,11(7):564-568
A nationwide laboratory-based surveillance system for invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections was conducted in The Netherlands from March 1992 until December 2003. Until 1996, all isolates submitted were evaluated clinically and demographically. During this period there was a transition from passive to active surveillance for some of the participating laboratories, corresponding to a national coverage of 50%. During active surveillance, participating laboratories submitted twice as many isolates from invasive GAS disease, whereas the relative submission of isolates representing very severe manifestations (toxic shock-like syndrome, fatality) did not increase. From 1997 onwards, invasiveness was defined solely on the basis of source of isolation (without clinical evaluation). During the period of microbiological and clinical evaluation, microbiological evaluation alone was found to be specific (> 99%), but had limited sensitivity (66%). Estimation of the true rate of invasive GAS disease should be based on an active surveillance system with inclusion of both microbiological and clinical data. 相似文献
25.
慢性病信息系统的指标及其收集方法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨我国目前慢性病监测系统应监测的指标、指标的收集方法。方法 DELPHI专家咨询法。结果 目前社区慢性病综合防治信息系统包括的指标有六方面内容,按照平均重要程度等级和排位的结果是死亡监测、发病或患病监测、危险因素监测、社区环境监测、疾病管理与卫生经济监测;指标的收集渠道应统一协调卫生系统的各个部门,包括医院、社区和各级疾病预防控制机构(CDC)以及公安和民政等部门;指标的收集方式主要依靠常规报告,部分指标通过流行病学调查来获得;监测指标的用途主要用于探测慢性病流行趋势和引起的疾病负担、确定防治重点、评价慢性病干预效果,以便更有效的防治慢性病;如何确保监测资料的质量和政府提供必须的费用是监测中比较普遍存在的问题。结论 死亡监测、发病或患病监测、行为危险因素监测应是慢性病综合防治信息系统应首选的内容。 相似文献
26.
作者于1987年2月16日~1988年2月15日在四川五个点211 639人群中监测急性病毒性肝炎。其发病率为167.74/10万,其中甲型肝炎占24.51%;乙型肝炎占38.31%;非甲非乙型肝炎占24.51%,EB病毒和巨细胞病毒所致肝炎各占3.38%;混合感染占5.92%。病毒性肝炎中有14.93%重叠感染。发病高峰在春季。发病率,男:女=1.75:1。甲型肝炎20岁以下年龄组、乙型肝炎20~39岁年龄组的发病率明显高于其他年龄组,非甲非乙型较分散,5~19岁相对多一些,其他型别年龄组间无明显差异。355例急性病毒性肝炎患者中43.9%有接触史,36.6%有注射史。 相似文献
27.
28.
研究了77例长沙地区孕、产妇的宫颈排毒(CMV)情况及母、婴的免疫状态,并对宫颈排毒及CMV一IgM阳性的母亲所生小孩进行临床追踪。结果显示:孕妇宫颈排毒率为4.5%,抗CMV-IgG和抗CMV-IgM阳性率分别为77%和13%,59例脐血CMV-IgM阴性。宫颈排毒的3例其抗体检测抗CMV-IgG均阳性,抗CMV-IgM仅一例阳性。作者认为,对妊娠期活动性CMV感染的诊断,仅检测抗CMV-IgG和抗CMV-IgM抗体滴度仍不足,尚须结合病毒分离和其它检测手段。 相似文献
29.
本文阐述了1990年-1993年间沈阳口岸入境人员传染病监测工作的基本情况,在对6503名归国人员和2146名外籍人员进行传染病监测体检中,发现HIV感染者41人、隐性梅毒患者1人、开放性肺结核患者1人。 相似文献
30.
Summary The effectiveness of a surveillance program for breast cancer recurrence in extending survival is predicated on two assumptions: 1) most recurrences are detected at an early stage at surveillance visits; and 2) the early treatment of recurrence offers a better chance of cure or longer survival. However, the data suggest that neither of these two assumptions is correct, and that postoperative follow-up of patients with breast cancer is expensive and does not significantly extend survival.This minisymposium was presented December 8, 1992, at the annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, and was sponsored by educational grants from Amgen and from Bristol-Myers Oncology Division. 相似文献