PLR联合VTI评估急性循环衰竭容量反应性的单中心随机对照研究

目的探讨被动抬腿试验(PLR)联合左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI)评估外科ICU中急性循环衰竭(ACF)早期容量反应性的价值。方法采取前瞻性观察队列研究方法选取急性循环衰竭患者先后进行被动抬腿试验和容量负荷试验,试验前后采用经胸超声心动图测量每搏量(SV),做左室流出道速度时间积分(VTI),定义试验前后SV增加(ΔSV)≥15%为有容量反应性,根据有无容量反应将患者分为有反应组和无反应组,观察两组PLR前后相关血流动力学参数的变化及其相关性,最后采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价VTI预测容量反应性的价值。结果研究共计纳入60例患者,其中有容量反应35例,无容量反应性25例;有容量反应性组PLR前后平均动脉压MAP(67±19 vs 73±13 mm Hg,P=0.02)、每搏量SV(48±11 vs 56±10 ml,P=0.03)、VTI(14±4 vs 18±5 cm,P=0.04)的变化存在显著统计学差异;PLR前后与容量负荷试验前后ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8846,P<0.0001);PLR后下腔静脉塌陷指数(c IVC)、ΔVTI与ΔSV呈显著正相关性(r=0.8034,P<0.001;r=9212,P<0.001),而CVP与ΔSV无显著相关性(r=-0.1121,P=3947);PLR后ΔVTI预测容量反应性AUC(ROC曲线下面积)为0.8686±0.04(P<0.001),其中ΔVTI>8.75%预测容量反应性敏感性和特异性分别为90.63%和85.00%,阳性预测率和阴性预测率分别为90.67%和84.00%。结论 PLR联合VTI可以准确预测外科ICU中急性循环衰竭患者容量反应性,可指导临床液体治疗。     

内侧腓肠肌肌(皮)瓣在小腿近端恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨采用内侧腓肠肌肌(皮)瓣修复小腿近端恶性肿瘤切除后缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法自2015年10月至2019年1月,对6例小腿近端恶性肿瘤切除后的胫前软组织缺损患者分别采用内侧腓肠肌肌(皮)瓣转移修复、内侧腓肠肌肌瓣转移联合人工网状补片重建伸膝功能,并于术后3个月对切口的愈合情况、肢体功能以及肿瘤控制情况进行评价。结果本组共6例患者,术后获随访11~34个月,平均(13.3±3.2)个月。5例切口一期愈合(占83.3%);1例皮瓣边缘发生部分坏死,经换药后愈合。1例于术后12个月因肿瘤肺转移而死亡;1例于术后3个月时肿瘤局部复发接受了二次手术治疗;其余4例肿瘤无复发,效果较满意。患者术后3个月MSTS评分为17~29分,平均(26.2±4.8)分;评定下肢功能的优良率为83.3%(5/6)。结论采用内侧腓肠肌肌(皮)瓣转移修复小腿近端恶性肿瘤切除后的软组织缺损,以及联合人工网状补片行伸膝功能重建,其方法简单易行,可获得较满意的临床效果。     

Clinical and economic burden of wound care in the tropics: a 5‐year institutional population health review

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of wound care in the Tropics via a 5‐year institutional population health review. Within our data analysis, wounds are broadly classified into neuro‐ischaemic ulcers (NIUs), venous leg ulcers (VLUs), pressure injuries (PIs), and surgical site infections (SSIs). Between 2013 and 2017, there were a total of 56 583 wound‐related inpatient admissions for 41 461 patients, with a 95.1% increase in wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions over this period (142 and 277 wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions in 2013 and 2017, respectively). In 2017, the average length of stay for each wound episode was 17.7 days, which was 2.4 times that of an average acute admission at our institution. The average gross charge per wound episode was USD $12 967. Among the 12 218 patients with 16 674 wound episodes in 2017, 71.5% were more than 65 years of age with an average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 7.2. Half (51.9%) were moderately or severely frail, while 41.3% had two or more wound‐related admission episodes. In 2017, within our healthcare cluster, the gross healthcare costs for all inpatient wound episodes stand at USD $216 million within hospital care and USD $596 000 within primary care. Most NIU patients (97.2%) had diabetes and they had the most comorbidities (average CCI 8.4) and were the frailest group of patients (44.9% severely frail). The majority of the VLU disease burden was at the specialist outpatient setting, with the average 1‐year VLU recurrence rate at 52.5% and median time between healing and recurrence at 9.5 months. PI patients were the oldest (86.5% more than 65 years‐old), constituted the largest cohort of patients with 3874 patients at an incidence of 64.6 per 1000 admissions in 2017, and have a 1‐year all‐cause mortality rate of 14.3%. For SSI patients, there was a 125% increase of 14.2 SSI wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions in 2013 to 32.0 in 2017, and a 413% increase in wound‐related 30‐day re‐admissions, from 40 in 2013 (4.1% of all surgeries) to 205 (8.3% of all surgeries) in 2017. The estimated gross healthcare cost per patient ranges from USD $15789–17 761 across the wound categories. Similar to global data, there is a significant and rising trend in the clinical and economic burden of wound care in Tropics.     

A pilot multi‐centre prospective randomised controlled trial of RECELL for the treatment of venous leg ulcers

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have a significant impact on approximately 3% of the adult population worldwide, with a mean NHS wound care cost of £7600 per VLU over 12 months. The standard care for VLUs is compression therapy, with a significant number of ulcers failing to heal with this treatment, especially with wound size being a risk factor for non‐healing. This multicentre, prospective, randomised trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) combined with compression therapy compared with standard compression alone (Control) for the treatment of VLUs. Incidence of complete wound closure at 14 weeks, donor site closure, pain, Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), satisfaction, and safety were assessed in 52 patients. At Week 14, VLUs treated with ASCS + compression had a statistically greater decrease in ulcer area compared with the Control (8.94 cm² versus 1.23 cm², P = .0143). This finding was largely driven by ulcers >10 to 80 cm² in size, as these ulcers had a higher mean percentage of reepithelialization at 14 weeks (ASCS + compression: 69.97% and Control: 11.07%, P = .0480). Additionally, subjects treated with ASCS + compression experienced a decrease in pain and an increase in HRQoL compared with the Control. This study indicates that application of ASCS + compression accelerates healing in large venous ulcers.     

PredyCLU: A prediction system for chronic leg ulcers based on fuzzy logic; part II—Exploring the arterial side

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its most severe form, critical limb ischaemia (CLI), are very common clinical conditions related to atherosclerosis and represent the major causes of morbidity, mortality, disability, and reduced quality of life (QoL), especially for the onset of ischaemic chronic leg ulcers (ICLUs) and the subsequent need of amputation in affected patients. Early identification of patients at risk of developing ICLUs may represent the best form of prevention and appropriate management. In this study, we used a Prediction System for Chronic Leg Ulcers (PredyCLU) based on fuzzy logic applied to patients with PAD. The patient population consisted of 80 patients with PAD, of which 40 patients (30 males [75%] and 10 females [25%]; mean age 66.18 years; median age 67.50 years) had ICLUs and represented the case group. Forty patients (100%) (27 males [67.50%] and 13 females [32.50%]; mean age 66.43 years; median age 66.50 years) did not have ICLUs and represented the control group. In patients of the case group, the higher was the risk calculated with the PredyCLU the more severe were the clinical manifestations recorded. In this study, the PredyCLU algorithm was retrospectively applied on a multicentre population of 80 patients with PAD. The PredyCLU algorithm provided a reliable risk score for the risk of ICLUs in patients with PAD.     

The impact of fluid optimisation before induction of anaesthesia on hypotension after induction

Intra-operative hypotension is a known predictor of adverse events and poor outcomes following major surgery. Hypotension often occurs on induction of anaesthesia, typically attributed to hypovolaemia and the haemodynamic effects of anaesthetic agents. We assessed the efficacy of fluid optimisation for reducing the incidence of hypotension on induction of anaesthesia. This prospective trial enrolled 283 patients undergoing radical cystectomy and randomly allocated them to goal-directed fluid therapy (n = 142) or standard fluid therapy (n = 141). Goal-directed fluid therapy patients received fluid optimisation based on stroke volume response to passive leg raise before induction; those with positive passive leg raise received intravenous crystalloid fluid boluses until stroke volume was optimised. Baseline mean arterial pressure was measured on the morning of surgery and on arriving in the operating theatre. This post-hoc analysis defined haemodynamic instability as either a > 30% relative drop in mean arterial pressure compared with baseline or absolute mean arterial pressure < 55 mmHg, within 15 min of induction. Forty-two (30%) goal-directed fluid therapy patients underwent fluid optimisation after finding an intravascular fluid deficit via passive leg raise testing; 106 (75%) goal-directed fluid therapy and 112 (79%) standard fluid therapy patients met criteria for haemodynamic instability. There was no significant difference in the incidence of haemodynamic instability between the goal-directed fluid therapy and standard fluid therapy groups using absolute mean arterial pressure drop below 55 mmHg (p = 0.58) or using pre-surgical testing or pre-surgical mean arterial pressure values as baseline (p = 0.21, p = 0.89, respectively); however, the difference in the incidence of haemodynamic instability was significant using the operating theatre baseline mean arterial pressure (p = 0.004). We conclude that fluid optimisation before induction of general anaesthesia did not significantly impact haemodynamic instability.     

Plain Radiographs Fail to Reflect Femoral Offset in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Successful biomechanical reconstruction is a major goal in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We measured leg length (LL), global (GO) and femoral offset (FO) change on anteroposterior pelvis radiographs and on three-dimensional computed-tomography (3D-CT) with fiducial landmarks after cementless THA on 18 hips of cadaveric specimens. Measurements on radiographs were performed twice by four examiners and showed high interobserver (mean CCC ≥ 0.79) and intraobserver agreements (mean ICC ≥ 0.88). Mean differences between radiographic and 3D-CT measurements were 1.0 (SD 2.0) mm for LL, 0.6 (SD 3.6) mm for GO and 1.4 (SD 5.2) mm for FO. 1% of radiographic LL-, 15% of GO- and 35% of FO measurements were outside a tolerance limit of 5 mm. Radiographs seem acceptable for measuring LL/GO change but fail to reflect FO change in THA.