Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic resection for gastric GISTs: a systematic review

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Material and methods: The effectiveness and safety of endoscopic resection were mainly assessed by complete resection rate, postoperative adverse event rate, and recurrence rate. Moreover, a comparison of endoscopic with laparoscopic resection for gastric GISTs was made through weighted mean difference by STATA 12.0 with regard to operation time, blood loss, and length of stay after including patients who underwent endoscopic or laparoscopic resection for gastric GISTs in the comparative studies.

Results: Eleven studies investigating endoscopic resection for GISTs were included. For stromal tumors <2?cm in average diameters the pooled rates of complete resection, postoperative adverse events and recurrence were 0.97, 0.08, and 0.03, respectively. Only five retrospective studies directly compared endoscopic with laparoscopic resection for gastric GISTs with average diameters from 1.1?cm to 3.8?cm, and endoscopic resection had a shorter operation time than laparoscopic resection, but there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, length of stay, postoperative complications, and postoperative recurrence rates between the two approaches.

Conclusions: Endoscopic resection is predominantly tried for gastric GISTs of relatively small size. It seems effective and safe for gastric GISTs <2?cm in average diameter, with relatively short operation times.     

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

Emphysematous cholecystitis is a relatively rare variant of acute cholecystitis with infection by gas-producing organisms. Diagnosis involves the demonstration of gas within the lumen or wall of the gallbladder by ultrasound or CT scan. In contrast to acute cholecystitis, emphysematous cholecystitis occurs more commonly in elderly and diabetic patients, and is frequently associated with perforation and death. We report here a case of a 75-year old man who developed emphysematous cholecystitis.     

Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition which can have a profound effect on health-related quality of life. The lifetime risk of surgery for pelvic organ prolapse for all women is around 10–12%, making prolapse surgery one of the most commonly performed operations of all. Surgery is generally offered only to women to do not respond to conservative measures such as physiotherapy and/or vaginal pessaries. It is very important to ensure excellent clinical governance around the decision-making process for this elective surgical problem, and this may include the use of written information, face to face and telephone consultations, patient reported outcome measures and patient decision aids. This chapter will cover all the different techniques for prolapse surgery including conventional approaches using native tissue, uterus conserving prolapse surgery and surgery for post-hysterectomy vault prolapse. This will also include laparoscopic prolapse surgery. The role of mesh in prolapse surgery will also be discussed and this chapter will cover important topics including patient selection and preparation for prolapse surgery, shared decision making and how best to facilitate this, patient preparation before prolapse surgery and follow-up post operation.     

A double-blind controlled trial of metronidazole suppositories in children undergoing appendicectomy

Summary

A total of 133 children, aged 16 months to 15 years (mean 6.7 years), with presumptive acute appendicitis, was included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the short-term (72 hour) use of metronidazole suppositories as prophylaxis against post-operative infection. There was no significant difference in the incidence or severity of wound infection or post-operative intra-abdominal sepsis between the metronidazole-treated and placebo groups. It is suggested that intra-rectal metronidazole, when used exclusively, is not sufficient for effective prophylaxis for appendicitis in childhood.     

The effect of appendectomy on the course of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review

Aim Previous studies have shown significantly lower appendectomy rates in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients compared with healthy controls. Evidence indicating that the appendix has an immunomodulatory role in UC has been accumulating. To examine the latest evidence on the effect of appendectomy on the disease course of UC. Method PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched. Primary end‐points were number of relapses, use of steroids, number of hospital admissions and number of colectomies. Results The search resulted in six observational studies (five case–control studies and one cohort study) totalling 2532 patients. Owing to clinical heterogeneity, no meta‐analysis could be conducted. One study found lower relapse rates in patients appendectomized before the onset of UC [absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 21.5%; 95% CI: 1.71–45.92%]. Another two studies found a reduced requirement for immunosuppression in appendectomized patients (ARR = 20.2%; 95% CI: 9.67–30.46% in the first study and ARR = 21.4%; 95% CI: 10.32–32.97% in the second study). In addition, one study found lower colectomy rates in nonappendectomized patients (ARR = 8.7%; 95% CI: 1.29–18.66%) and two studies found lower colectomy rates in appendectomized patients (ARR = 21.4%; 95% CI: 13.17–28.79% in the first study and ARR = 18.7%; 95% CI: 7.50–29.97% in the second study). Conclusion There are limited and conflicting data available regarding the effect of appendectomy on the disease course of UC. Most studies suggest a beneficial effect and the minority find no, or a negative, effect.     

Immediate Continence Rates in RALRP: A Comparison of Three Techniques

Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent RALRP for localized prostate cancer by a single surgeon in our clinic from January 1, 2009–February 1, 2016. Continence was defined as no leakage or use of a safety pad for minimal leakage. The main outcome measure was continence at postoperative week 1 and months 1, 6, and 12.Results:Between 2009 and 2016, 239 patients underwent RALRP for localized prostate disease. Seventy-four patients underwent a standard approach (group 1), 88 had posterior reconstruction (group 2), and 77 had posterior reconstruction with total anatomic restoration (group 3). After 1 week, 24.3% of the patients in group 1 (18/74), 31.8% in group 2 (28/88), and 45.8% in group 3 (33/72) were continent (P = .02). One month after the surgery, continence rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 56.7, 67, and 75%, respectively (0.065). After 6 and 12 months, continence rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 72.9 and 87.8%, 81.8 and 89.7%, and 84.7 and 91.6%, respectively (P = .178 and .7484).Conclusion:Anatomic restoration improves continence rates in the early period after RALRP. Even though other parameters were higher in the total restoration group, immediate continence (at 1 week) was significantly better.     

改良后腹腔镜手术方式在上尿路肿瘤治疗的可行性和安全性*

目的探讨改良后腹腔镜手术方式在上尿路肿瘤治疗的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析该院40例腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂癌及中上段上尿路肿瘤患者病例,其中21例患者选择改良后腹腔镜联合经尿道电切镜下肾、输尿管切除术(A组),另外19例患者采用后腹腔镜联合下腹部小切口、经尿道电切镜肾、输尿管切除术(B组)。比较两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置引流管时间、术后首次肛门排气时间及术后住院时间的差异。结果两组共40名患者,手术均顺利完成,无中转手术。A组与B组患者平均年龄、性别比、肿瘤位置比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组手术时间较B组明显缩短(P0.01);A组患者术后住院时间明显少于B组(P0.05)。两组均无术中、术后并发症。A、B组间术中失血量、术后留置引流管时间、术后首次肛门排气时间均差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论和后腹腔镜联合下腹部小切口手术方式相比,改良后腹腔镜手术方式安全有效,可缩短手术时间,减少患者术后住院时间,可在上尿路肿瘤,特别是肾盂及中上段输尿管肿瘤的治疗中选择应用。