298例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝治疗的安全性探讨

目的：探讨心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林规范抗凝治疗的安全性及用药监护的重要性。方法：回顾性分析福建医科大学附属漳州市医院（以下简称“我院”）2007年10月-2012年10月298例行心脏瓣膜置换术后进行华法林抗凝治疗患者的临床资料,观察、随访患者,记录其凝血酶原时间（PT）及国际标准化比值（INR）,分析华法林应用及不良反应发生情况。结果：全组术后出现皮肤紫癜1例,死亡2例。随访期间皮肤紫癜1例,妊娠早期流产1例,月经期月经量过多导致贫血4例,拔牙后出血2例,脑梗死1例,出血12例,均治愈或好转。结论：心脏机械瓣膜置换术后正确服用华法林抗凝治疗,并对患者进行一系列的用药监护,可明显降低不良反应发生率,保证抗凝治疗安全。     

地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯用于老年髋关节置换患者术后镇痛的临床研究

目的观察地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯用于老年髋关节置换患者术后镇痛效果。方法将60例拟施髋关节置换的老年（年龄〉60）患者随机分为地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯镇痛组（D组）和舒芬太尼镇痛组（SF组）,每组30例。手术结束前30 min D组缓慢静注地佐辛5 mg＋氟比洛芬酯50 mg,SF组静脉缓慢推注舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg,术后两组均用患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）。观察并记录患者术后2、4、8、24、48 h的VAS疼痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分,以及术后24 h不良反应。结果两组术后各时点安静状态VAS评分及Ramsay镇静评分差异均无统计学意义,翻身和深呼吸等活动时D组各时点VAS评分均低于SF组（P〈0.05）;恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等不良反应D组显著低于SF组（P〈0.05）。结论地佐辛联合氟比洛芬酯用于老年髋关节置换手术的术后镇痛安全有效而且不良反应小,值得临床推荐。     

凝血指标监测对骨创伤及术后形成DVT的临床诊断价值

目的监测纤维蛋白原（Fib）、D-二聚体（D-Dimer）、P-选择素（P-selectin）探讨其在骨创伤深静脉血栓形成中的临床诊断价值。方法选择创伤骨折及关节置换患者223例，经彩色多普勒确诊的DVT患者45例。正常对照组为健康查体者40例。Fib测定采用PT导出法，D—Dimer测定采用散射比浊法，P-selectin测定采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法。结果Fib、D—Dimer、P—selectin在健康对照组、创伤骨折组及DVT组的结果比较，具有显著性差异（P〈0．05），且不同创伤骨折组之间Fib、D—Dimer、P-selectin阳性率的比较，均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。D—Dimer、P-selectin在关节置换组中DVT组与非DVT组之间术前比较无显著性差异，而术后比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论检测创伤骨折患者Fib、D—Dimer、helectin对排除刨伤后DVT形成具有临床实用价值。     

Retrieval Technique for Full‐Arch Implant‐Supported Fixed Prosthesis: A Clinical Report

In the event of the loss of an implant and to take advantage of the preexisting structures, a rescue procedure that allows continuous use of the original fixed restoration during the restoration of the tripod support at the implant level can be used. When nonphysiological occlusion forces are avoided, the success rate of this rescue procedure is very similar to any other rehabilitation made following a conventional protocol. Furthermore, the fact that the patient has already adapted to the prosthesis position and its vertical dimension results in easier functional adaptation in the postoperative period and, consequently, greater comfort.     

Outcomes of open temporomandibular joint surgery following failure to improve after arthroscopy: is there an algorithm for success?

We reviewed the results of one surgeon's experience of open surgical management of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients who fail to respond to arthroscopy and aimed to identify groups of patients that may or may not benefit from the intervention. Over a 7-year period (2005–2012) we retrospectively collected data from the medical notes of patients who underwent discectomy, disc plication, eminectomy, eminoplasty, and adhesiolysis, according to the clinical findings for joint pain, restriction, and locking. A total of 22 patients (71%) reported improvement in pain score and 19 (61%) reported an improvement in mouth opening 12 months postoperatively. Overall, 12 patients (39%) ultimately needed TMJ replacement. This group included 5/6 patients in Wilkes’ stage IV and 6/15 in stage V, 5/7 patients with a preoperative pain score of 90–100, and half of those with preoperative mouth opening of 20–29 mm (7/14). Open surgical management of the TMJ can benefit patients despite the previous failure of arthroscopy to manage pain, restriction, and locking. Arthroscopy seems to reduce the percentage of patients that need open TMJ surgery, but also the success of subsequent operations compared with previous studies. TMJ replacement is increasingly being done successfully to treat end-stage disease. These results may be used when obtaining a patient's consent for open TMJ surgery, particularly if they are in the groups considered to have a high risk of subsequently requiring a replacement joint.     

(iii) Bearing surfaces

Alternative bearings surfaces to polyethylene have reduced wear and have led to improved patient outcomes, allowing younger and more active patients to be considered for joint replacements. These bearing surfaces have been developed largely as a response to osteolysis and loosening associated with polyethylene particulate debris. This has led to the evolution of various forms of cross-linked polyethylene and to the greater use of hard-on-hard bearings. The use of metal-on-metal led to resurfacing hip replacements and to the use of large head metal-on-metal hip replacements. Although metal-on-metal bearings have a number of theoretical advantages, the release of metal debris and ions from some designs has been catastrophic. In the future new bearing surfaces must be more thoroughly tested pre-clinically and in well-designed clinical series.     

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Systems

Recent progress and evolution in device engineering, surgical implantation practices, and periprocedural management have advanced the promise of durable support with left ventricular assist systems (LVAS) in patients with stage D heart failure. With greater uptake of LVAS globally, a growing population of LVAS recipients have pre-existing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Strategies for optimal clinical management of CIEDs in patients with durable LVAS are evolving, and clinicians will increasingly face complex decisions regarding implantation, programming, deactivation, and removal of CIEDs. Traditional decision-making pathways for CIEDs may not apply to LVAS-supported patients, as few patients die of arrhythmic causes and many arrhythmias may be well tolerated. Given limited data, treatment decisions must be individualized and made collaboratively among electrophysiologists, advanced heart failure specialists, and patients and their caregivers. Large, prospective, well-conducted studies are needed to better understand the contemporary utility of CIEDs in patients with newer-generation LVAS.