颈椎人工间盘置换术治疗混合型颈椎病的长期疗效观察

目的 评估颈椎人工间盘置换术（cervical artificial disc replacement, CADR）治疗混合型颈椎病的长期临床疗效并探讨其影响因素。方法 对2003年12月至2007年12月于我院行单节段CADR治疗混合型颈椎病的25例病人进行回顾性分析,病人年龄为（56.56±8.65）岁,其中男15例,女10例,随访时间均在10年以上。依据术前CT及MRI检查结果将病人分为单纯间盘突出组（7例）、合并骨赘增生组（18例）。收集并比较两组病人手术前后的颈椎整体活动度、手术节段活动度、手术节段Cobb角、椎旁骨化（paravertebral ossification, PO）分级、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA）评估治疗分数、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index, NDI）及Odom''s标准。结果 单纯间盘突出组病人术前及末次随访时的手术节段活动度分别为9.61°±4.72°、12.63°±4.41°,颈椎整体活动度分别为50.91°±15.58°、57.62°±9.18°,手术节段Cobb角分别为2.61°±1.38°、2.07±1.74°,末次随访时未发生高等级PO,手术前后的各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义。合并骨赘增生组术前及末次随访时的手术节段活动度分别为9.73°±4.62°、7.77°±5.82°,颈椎整体活动度分别为45.98°±17.26°、40.89°±15.85°,手术节段Cobb角分别为1.92°±1.11°、0.69°±2.12°,高等级PO发生率为55.6%,末次随访时的手术节段Cobb角较术前明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。末次随访时,合并骨赘增生组颈椎整体活动度低于单纯间盘突出组（t=2.610,P=0.016）,高等级PO比例较单纯间盘突出组更高（Z=2.494,P=0.034）,其余各影像学评估指标的组间比较,差异均无统计学意义。两组病人末次随访时JOA评分及NDI均较术前明显改善（P均＜0.05）,单纯间盘突出组NDI下降情况优于合并骨赘组（t=2.169,P=0.041）,其余各临床功能评估指标的组间差异无统计学意义。结论 采用CADR治疗混合型颈椎病,长期临床疗效好,且对于单纯颈椎间盘突出病人的疗效优于合并骨赘增生的病人。     

反复感染手足口病患儿的预防和治疗

目的探讨消毒隔离结合免疫及营养治疗在预防和治疗反复感染手足口病患儿中的作用。 方法收集初次就诊的手足口病患儿共400例，利用随机数字表将患者分为治疗组与对照组各200例，治疗组患儿定期给予消毒隔离健康教育及营养随访，再次患病后给予个体化营养支持治疗。对照组患儿仅在感染手足口病后给予常规治疗。比较两组患儿手足口病再发率和重症率等指标。 结果治疗组患儿平均退热时间为（1.7 ± 1.1）d、皮疹消退时间为（4.0 ± 1.3）d、平均住院天数为（5.6 ± 2.4）d、抗菌药物使用率为19%（38/200）、激素使用率为8%（16/200），均显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（t = 10.028、8.677、8.353、20.650、11.312，P = 0.015、0.032、0.001、0.004、0.011）。治疗组患儿1年内再发率、重症率和并发症发生率分别为12%（24/200）、1%（2/200）和5%（10/200），显著低于对照组患儿，差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 9.21、0.88、7.24，P = 0.010、0.002、0.007）。 结论健康教育、营养随访及个体化营养支持治疗可降低手足口病的再发率及重症率，改善临床结局。     

HAART患者失访相关影响因素Logistic回归分析

目的 探讨艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者失访发生的相关影响因素,为HIV/AIDS患者管理提供依据。方法 收集2005年6月-2018年12月在南宁市第四人民医院进行抗病毒治疗的艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者为研究对象,使用Excel的RAND随机函数生成的随机数字由小到大进行排序,选取排序前200例的HAART失访的患者为观察组,对照组为在治疗的艾滋病患者中随机选取的200例。采用Logistic回归分析方法分析患者性别、年龄、基线CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数、传播途径、基线疾病分期、目前疾病分期、最近1次CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数、领药、婚姻状况、子女人数、地区、药物不良反应等12项因素与失访的关系。结果 观察组接受HAART 12个月内失访85例,占总失访人数的42.5%,24个月内失访123例,占总失访人数的61.5%。将12个因素进行多因素logistic回归分析,最终进入回归模型的因素为传播途径、最近1次CD4⁺T淋巴细胞、药物不良反应,其调整的OR值及OR95%CI分别为6.26(2.99~13.10)、8.68(4.32~17.45)、10.52(2.77~40.00)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者HAART 失访大部分发生在开始治疗的2年内,对出现HAART有不良反应的患者进行及时处理或更换治疗方案,强化对注射吸毒、治疗后CD4⁺T淋巴细胞提升不理想HIV/AIDS感染者的个体指导和警示教育,增强患者治疗信心,减少失访的发生。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像对玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的随访观察

目的 利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察雷珠单抗玻璃体腔注射3次+必要时(3+PRN)方案治疗湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的图像特征。方法 选取2016年9月至2017年5月经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)检查确诊且未予治疗的湿性AMD患者8例8只眼,按照3+PRN治疗方案给予玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗(0.5 mg/0.05 ml)治疗,采用OCTA 6 mm×6 mm范围模式扫描黄斑区视网膜,在患者治疗前,治疗后1、3、6个月进行规律的门诊随访,记录患者最小分辨角对数(logMAR)矫正视力、脉络膜新生血管(CNV)分型、CNV形态特征及变化、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)、黄斑区视网膜外层血流密度(ORVD)及脉络膜毛细血管层血流密度(CCVD)。结果 男性4例4只眼,女性4例4只眼,平均年龄(70.9±10.6)岁;3只眼为Ⅰ型CNV,5只眼为Ⅱ型CNV。治疗前,治疗后1、3、6个月最佳矫正视力(BCVA)分别为0.55(0.33,0.87)、0.35(0.24,0.84)、0.35(0.22,0.58)、0.26(0.10,0.58)logMAR,各组间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);CRT分别为(271.88±91.95)、(204.00±45.78)、(196.00±31.14)、(219.25±71.32)μm,其中,治疗3个月与治疗前差异有统计学意义(t=2.211,P=0.044);ORVD分别为(41.38±2.77)%、(41.73±3.60)%、(42.53±1.95)%、(41.40±2.33)%,各组间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);CCVD分别为(64.38±2.24)%、(64.96±1.39)%、(64.16±1.39)%、(64.63±1.86)%,各组间差异也均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,BCVA与CRT(P=0.009, RR=0.457)和CCVD(P=0.001,RR=0.574)显著相关,与ORVD(P=0.093,RR=0.302)不相关。治疗前CNV形态特征,2只眼为团状,2只眼为线条样,2只眼为纠缠错乱状,1只眼为椭圆环形,1只眼为碎片样。治疗1个月,7只眼CNV形态趋于正常化,表现为CNV最大直径减小、断裂/破碎、周边毛细血管丢失、数量和密度下降、所在区域最大横截面积减小;1只眼CNV形态较前恶化,表现为CNV吻合成环、密度增加、最大血管直径增加。治疗3个月,7只眼CNV形态趋于正常化,1只眼较前无明显变化。治疗6个月,5只眼CNV趋于正常化,3只眼恶化。随访中未发现眼内感染或玻璃体内注射的其他并发症。结论 利用OCTA技术观察CNV特征能够评估湿性AMD患者接受雷珠单抗治疗的疗效,可为湿性AMD患者的治疗与随访提供指导。     

高血浆黏度与肾功能进展的关系

目的 探讨高血浆黏度（PV）与肾功能进展的关系,为控制慢性病、提高人群生命质量提供依据。 方法 采用回顾性研究收集2005 年1 月—2012 年12 月徐州市中心医院重复健康体检者资料。将暴露于高 PV 者（暴露组214 例）与未暴露于高PV 者（非暴露组642 例）按1 ∶ 3 配对,比较血肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（UA） 及肾小球滤过率（GFR）等指标。结果 两组入组时各指标均衡可比,经过7 年随访观察,两组年龄、身高、 体重、收缩压、舒张压、血尿素氮（BUN）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、UA 及血糖（GLU）比较,差异无统计 学意义（P >0.05）;暴露组Scr、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯、PV 较非暴露组高（P <0.05）,而GFR 较非暴 露组低（P <0.05）;暴露组肾功能进展患病率高于非暴露组（P <0.05）;TC 中介效应为17.7%。结论 高PV 很可能通过TC 的介导,成为慢性肾脏病的危险因素。     

术中超声辅助下行孤立肾肾癌保留肾单位手术效果观察

目的：探讨术中超声辅助下孤立肾肾癌保留肾单位手术对选择性肾动脉阻断以及确定肿瘤切缘的作用。方法：回顾2004-2011年先天性或获得性孤立肾肾细胞癌行保留肾单位手术患者资料,共7例术中采用超声多普勒确认肾段动脉阻断效果,并对肿瘤包膜边缘行超声检测从而进一步确定肿瘤切缘。术后1个月、6个月以及1年随访对比术前肾功能变化,并规律随访患者预后至今。结果：7例手术均成功行保留肾单位手术,超声引导检测下行选择性肾段动脉阻断5例,另2例采用单纯肾动脉于阻断下手术,术中超声发现肿瘤可疑卫星灶2例并指导切缘。术后6个月及1年随访肾功能与术前相比无明显下降,所有患者随访至今,平均随访45．4个月,均未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论：术中超声辅助下行保留肾单位手术是治疗孤立肾肾癌的理想方法,有助于肿瘤的准确切除和肾功能保护。     

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

Lead causes male reproductive impairment among painters, but information is still limited. Therefore, the effect of lead on semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function in those patients was investigated. A case series of 27 infertile painters were subjected to semen analysis, measuring of blood lead level (PbB) and serum levels of endocrinal parameters including follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL). Significantly lower sperm count and motility were found in those with duration of exposure (≥15 years), but no significant difference was found for PbB and serum levels of FSH, LH, PRL and T. A significant negative correlation between PbB and spermatic count and motility was observed, while there was no significant correlation between PbB and all endocrinal parameters. Patients with PbB ≥ 20 μg dl^?1 showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in testosterone alone among all measured hormones. But the observed decrease in sperm count did not reach a significant level. It is concluded that infertile painters are at risk of lead‐related influence on semen quality, especially sperm motility and increased testosterone level without significant affection of other reproductive endocrinal parameters.     

Bone Mineral Density in the Proximal Femur and Contralateral Knee After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Osteoarthrosis (OA) is often associated with pain and disability, which are relieved after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the nature of bone changes associated with OA is controversial. We examined preoperative hip and contralateral knee bone mineral density (BMD) in patients requiring TKA and monitored the BMD changes postoperatively. Sixty-nine patients, scheduled to have TKA for osteoarthrotic knees, had both hips and contralateral knee BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the time of operation (baseline) and at 1 yr after operation. X-rays of the knee joints were also taken to evaluate the severity of OA. Preoperatively, 27% and 38% of the patients had total hip BMD Z-score more than 1 SD in the operated side and contralateral hips, respectively. In all regions of interest (ROI), the mean baseline BMD of the affected side proximal femur was significantly lower than that of the contralateral side (p < 0.0005-0.019). The severity of OA was not associated with BMD. During 1-yr follow-up, the postoperative knee status and the physical activity of the patients (AKS score) improved. However, neither the hip nor the nonoperated knee BMDs increased. Knee OA is associated with significantly lower BMD values in the affected side compared with the contralateral hip, and these levels remained similar or decreased during a 1-yr follow-up. We conclude that improved mobility after TKA does not improve the effects of preoperative disuse-associated bone loss in the short term.     

Noninvasive recording of His bundle electrograms using vectorial leads system

His bundle electrograms were recorded in 8 rats by a signal averaging technique using the Takayasu vectorial lead system. Animals were anesthetized and placed in the prone position. The polarity of three orthogonal leads were: the X axis, from right to left; the Y axis, from top to bottom; the Z axis, from back to front. Potentials from the X, Y, and Z leads were amplified by 20,000 with high-pass 12 dB/octave filtering at 80 Hz, and signal averaging of 2000 beats was performed at a sampling interval of 100 microseconds. The His bundle potential could be clearly defined in all 8 rats. The mean amplitude of the His potential was larger in the X-axis (23.6 +/- 9.2 mu V) or the Y-axis (28.4 +/- 14.5 mu V) than the Z-axis lead (11.5 +/- 8.6 mu V). Directions of the His potential vectors were to the left in 5 of 8 rats (62.5%), to the caudal in 4 of 6 rats (66.7%), and to the dorsal site in 6 of 8 rats (75.0%). This vectorial lead system, devised in accordance with McFee and Johnston's theory on lead field, was useful for recording His bundle electrograms.