输注速度和刺激对全麻诱导时依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的影响

目的 通过观察不同给药速度以及在麻醉诱导过程中给予刺激对依托咪酯进行全麻诱导时发生肌阵挛的影响,分析肌阵挛的诱发因素.方法 200例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的患者随机分为四组：慢诱导组（S组）、慢诱导刺激组（S-s组）、快诱导组（F组）、快诱导刺激组（F-s组）,各50例.四组患者麻醉诱导均采用依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg.S组与S-s组输注时间均为1 min,F组与F-s组输注时间为10s.S组与F组待睫毛反射消失、呼吸变浅后开始行辅助通气,S-s组与F-s组待意识消失即刻开始行正压机械通气.记录四组患者麻醉前、依托咪酯注药后3 min内平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SPO2）变化;观察静脉注射依托咪酯后肌阵挛的发生情况以及严重程度.结果 S组患者与F组患者肌阵挛发生率无明显差异,S-s组与S组相比以及F-s组与F组相比,其肌阵挛发生率均增高（P＜0.01）,但S-s组与F-s组相比肌阵挛发生率稍低（P＜0.01）.此外S-s组与F-s组注药后MAP及HR较基础值有所升高,SPO2则呈下降趋势（P＜0.01）,其余两组无明显变化.结论 全麻诱导时,加快输注速度并不会增加依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的发生率,但若在麻醉深度不够时给予了刺激则易诱发肌阵挛的发生.     

Immunosuppression and the Risk of Post-Transplant Malignancy Among Cadaveric First Kidney Transplant Recipients

The success of renal transplantation may be counterbalanced by serious adverse medical events. The effect of immunosuppression on the incidence of de novo neoplasms among kidney recipients should be monitored continuously. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we studied the association of induction therapy by immunosuppression with antilymphocyte antibodies, with the development of de novo neoplasms. The study population included more than 41 000 recipients who received a cadaveric first kidney transplant after December 31, 1995, and were followed through February 28, 2002. Using Cox regression models, we estimated time to development of two types of malignancy: de novo solid tumors and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We made adjustments for several patient demographic factors and comorbidities. Induction therapy was significantly associated with a higher relative risk (RR) of PTLD (RR = 1.78, p < 0.001), but not with a greater likelihood of de novo tumors (RR = 1.07, p = 0.42). Treatment with maintenance tacrolimus vs. cyclosporine showed a significantly different RR of developing de novo tumors for recipients with induction than for those not receiving induction (p = 0.024). These new estimates of the magnitude of malignancy risk associated with induction therapy may be useful for clinical practice.     

电离辐射对细胞中ADPRT的激活与诱导作用

研究了不同剂量γ线照射对小鼠ＳＲ－１细胞中ＡＤＰＲＴ活性的影响。结果表明５０Ｇｙ以上剂量照射对ＡＤＰＲＴ的催化反应有明显的激活作用，并且随照射剂量的增加而提高。此外，细胞受０．０１Ｇｙ低剂量照射之后一定时间，无论是再照射还是不照射５０Ｇｙ大剂量，所测得的ＡＤＰＲＴ活性都明显高于未受低剂量照射的细胞，表明低剂量辐射对细胞中ＡＤＰＲＴ具有诱导作用。     

Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center Trial of Antibody Induction Therapy in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation

A randomized, multicenter, prospective study was conducted at 18 pancreas transplant centers in the United States to determine the role of induction therapy in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. One hundred and 74 recipients were enrolled: 87 recipients each in the induction and noninduction treatment arms. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for patient, kidney, and pancreas graft survival at 1-year. The 1-year cumulative incidence of any treated biopsy-confirmed or presumptive rejection episodes (kidney or pancreas) in the induction and noninduction treatment arms was 24.6% and 31.2% (p = 0.28), respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of biopsy-confirmed, treated, acute kidney allograft rejection in the induction and noninduction treatment arms was 13.1% and 23.0% (p = 0.08), respectively. Biopsy-confirmed kidney allograft rejection occurred later post-transplant and appeared to be less severe among recipients that received induction therapy. The highest rate of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia/syndrome was observed in the subgroup of recipients who received T-cell depleting antibody induction and received organs from CMV serologically positive donors. Decisions regarding the routine use of induction therapy in SPK transplantation must take into consideration its differential effects on risk of rejection and infection.     

Etomidate-Lipuro is associated with considerably less injection pain in children compared with propofol with added lidocaine

Background. Propofol is associated with a high incidence ofinjection pain in children, even if given together with lidocaine.A new lipid formulation of etomidate (Etomidate-®Lipuro)has been found in adults to cause very little discomfort duringi.v. injection. The aim of the present prospective, double-blind,randomized trial was to compare the incidence of injection painduring i.v. induction of anaesthesia between propofol with addedlidocaine (previous standard) and this new etomidate formulationin paediatric patients. Methods. A total of 110 paediatric patients, aged 2–16years, scheduled for outpatient surgery were planned to be includedin the study. The primary end point of the study was the incidenceof injection pain during induction of anaesthesia as assessedby a four-point scale as described previously. The occurrenceof myoclonic muscular activity was registered as a secondaryend point (four-point scale). An interim analysis after 80 patientswas requested by the Ethics' Committee. Results. The study was stopped after the inclusion of 80 patients.A significantly lower incidence of injection pain was foundin the Etomidate-®Lipuro group as compared with the propofol–lidocainegroup (5.0% vs 47.5%, P<0.001). The use of etomidate wasassociated with a significantly higher incidence of myoclonicactivity compared with propofol–lidocaine (85.0% vs 15%,P<0.001). Conclusions. The use of a new lipid formulation of etomidateis associated with significantly less injection pain than propofolwith added lidocaine in children. This finding may warrant achange in clinical practice in order to avoid unnecessary painin children.     

促排卵药物使用规范(2016)

随着生育政策调整,越来越多女性采用促排卵技术提高受孕几率。为进一步规范我国促排卵药物及方法的应用,合理、适度使用促排卵药物,有效地控制促排卵并发症,保障医疗质量和医疗安全,中华医学会生殖医学分会编撰本规范。     

联合促性腺激素/枸橼酸氯米芬的非降调节卵巢刺激方案在卵巢反应不良患者中的应用

目的探讨联合促性腺激素/枸橼酸氯米芬的非降调节卵巢刺激方案(改良卵巢刺激方案)在符合Bologna诊断标准的卵巢反应不良(POR)患者行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗中的应用价值。方法采用回顾性队列研究,收集2012年1月至2014年12月间在本院生殖中心行标准长方案IVF/ICSI-ET助孕的卵巢反应不良患者(SLP组,191例),同时依据患者年龄和基础窦卵泡数以1∶2比例匹配行改良卵巢刺激方案助孕的患者(MOS组,382例)。比较两组患者的各助孕指标和妊娠结局。结果 MOS组的平均获卵数及平均正常受精卵数均显著多于SLP组(P均0.05)。虽MOS组与SLP组比较在每移植周期的累积临床妊娠率上无显著差异(55.34%vs.53.57%,P0.05),但MOS组的周期取消率、早孕期流产率显著低于SLP组(分别为15.18%vs.23.56%和8.77%vs.20.00%)(P均0.05),因此MOS组每启动周期的累积活产率显著高于SLP组(38.74%vs.28.79%,P=0.02)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示获卵数及可利用胚胎数增加时POR患者的累积活产率亦显著增加(P0.001)。结论改良卵巢刺激方案在卵巢反应不良患者可获得优于标准长方案的临床助孕结局,其应是卵巢反应不良患者可选择的促排卵方案。     

急性髓系白血病患者诱导缓解治疗期癌因性疲乏轨迹的纵向研究

目的 探究急性髓系白血病患者诱导缓解治疗期癌因性疲乏的纵向变化轨迹及影响因素,为实施针对性护理干预提供借鉴。 方法 采用便利抽样法选取急性髓系白血病行诱导缓解治疗患者183例,采用一般资料调查表、癌因性疲乏评估量表对患者进行调查。采用潜变量增长混合模型识别患者诱导缓解治疗期癌因性疲乏轨迹的不同类别,并分析影响因素。 结果 治疗前1 d及诱导缓解治疗1周、2周、3周及结束后1 d患者癌因性疲乏得分分别为22.86±3.75、26.39±4.12、31.71±4.64、36.54±5.25、39.63±5.06,5个时间点得分呈正相关;通过潜变量增长混合模型将其分为持续高疲乏组（48.09%）、疲乏升高组（34.42%）、低疲乏组（17.49%）。多元logistic回归分析显示,与低疲乏组比较,有睡眠障碍、血红蛋白＜60 g/L、低社会支持更易归于持续高疲乏组（均P＜0.05）,有睡眠障碍、并存胃肠道症状群更易归于疲乏升高组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 急性髓系白血病患者诱导缓解治疗期癌因性疲乏呈现3种潜在类别,医护人员应根据患者癌因性疲乏不同轨迹类别及影响因素制定针对性护理干预方案,以减轻患者疲乏程度。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚联合无正压通气诱导技术在5分钟剖宫产中的应用

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚行无正压通气诱导在5分钟剖宫产中对产妇血流动力学及新生儿Apgar评分的影响。方法选择2014年8月至2016年1月,我院启动5 min剖宫产产妇60例,年龄23~38岁,体重55~80 kg,孕周38~40周。随机分为两组:瑞芬太尼1μg/kg复合丙泊酚2 mg/kg组(R组)和氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg复合丙泊酚2 mg/kg组(L组),每组30例。记录麻醉诱导插管(T1)、切皮(T2)、胎儿取出断脐时(T3)产妇SBP、DBP、HR及不良反应发生情况;记录胎儿娩出时间及胎儿娩出时脐动脉血气,以及新生儿1 min和5 min的Apgar评分。结果 T1、T2时L组SBP、DBP明显高于R组,HR明显快于R组(P0.05),T3时两组HR、SBP、DBP差异无统计学意义。两组脐动脉血气分析差异无统计学意义。两组胎儿娩出时间,新生儿1 min和5 min的Apgar评分差异均无统计学意义。结论瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚联合无正压通气诱导技术在5分钟全麻剖宫产中产妇血流动力学波动轻微,不增加胎儿/新生儿呼吸抑制的风险,可行性好,对母婴安全可靠。