Antikörperbildung gegen Poliovirus-N- und -H-Antigen bei Immunisierung von Meerschweinchen

Zusammenfassung Sieben Gruppen von Meerschweinchen zu je 15 Tieren wurden mit virulenten und attenuierten StÄmmen von Poliomyelitis immunisiert und die Antikörperbildung gegen N- und H-Antigen beobachtet. In allen Gruppen wurden zuerst H-Antikörper und spÄter N-Antikörper gebildet. Im weiteren Verlauf der Immunisierung nimmt bei Typ I und Typ II die Bildung von N-Antikörpern wesentlich schneller zu, so da\ die N-Titer bald höher sind als die H-Titer. Gleichzeitig reagieren zuerst mehr Versuchstiere mit H-Antikörper-Bildung, wÄhrend spÄter mehr Tiere N-Antikörper bilden.Bei der Immunisierung mit Typ III reagieren mehr Tiere mit Antikörperbildung gegen H als gegen N, gleichzeitig sind die H-Titer wÄhrend des ganzen Verlaufs höher oder ebenso hoch wie die N-Titer. Die Antikörperbildung gegen die ImpfstÄmme entsprach weitgehend dem Verlauf bei den virulenten StÄmmen. Die Reaktion des Organismus auf die Zufuhr von N- und H-Antigen Ändert sich im Laufe der Immunisierung. Die zu einem spÄteren Zeitpunkt vorgenommenen Booster-Injektionen vermögen das initiale übergewicht der H-Antikörper nicht wiederherzustellen, selbst wenn mehr H- als N-Antigen zugeführt wird.

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Antibody production versus poliovirus N and H antigen after immunisation of guinea pigs

Summary Seven groups of guinea pigs consisting of 15 animals each were immunized with virulent and attenuated strains of poliomyelitis virus. Subsequently the antibody production versus N and H antigen was studied. The animals of all groups responded primarily by production of H antibodies and later by N antibodies. During the further course of immunization the production of N antibodies was much faster for type I and II, thus anti N titers soon were higher than anti H titers. In addition, more animals responded initially by production of H antibodies, while later on more animals produce N antibodies. During the immunization with type III more animals produced H than N antibodies and H titers were always higher than N titers or equal. Antibody production to vaccination strains corresponded to a far extent to that of virulent strains. Response of the organism changes during the course of immunization. Booster injections given at a later time do not recall the initial peak of H antibodies, even if a greater dose H antigen is given than N.

     

低温等离子刀用于声门型喉癌手术患者治疗中的临床效果分析

目的:探讨低温等离子刀用于声门型喉癌手术患者治疗中的临床效果。方法:随机选取2017年3月~2019年8月收治的74例声门型喉癌手术患者为研究主体,将其采用随机抽签的方式分组实施研究,每组各37例,抽取单号的对照组采用声门型常规喉癌部分切除术加以治疗,抽取双号的观察组采用低温等离子刀加以治疗,对比两组患者的手术指标及术后并发症发生情况。结果:观察组与对照组手术指标对比可知,前者术中出血量更少,手术时长及住院天数更短(P<0.05);观察组咯血1例,呼吸困难1例,并发症发生率为5.41%,对照组咯血3例,呼吸困难5例,并发症发生率为21.62%,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:声门型喉癌患者采用低温等离子刀治疗可减少出血量,缩短手术时长及住院天数,减少并发症的发生,临床使用价值高。     

亚低温减少大鼠短暂性全脑缺血后皮质iNOS诱导的神经元凋亡

为研究亚低温对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后皮质iNOS表达、NO产生及神经元凋亡的影响及探讨亚低温的神经保护机制,用大鼠短暂全脑缺血模型,采用Nissl染色观察存活神经元、免疫组化法检测iNOS、硝酸还原酶法检测NOx-水平和TUNEL染色结合电子显微镜观察检测凋亡神经元。结果显示:常温缺血组额叶皮质iNOS表达、NOx-水平增高,出现凋亡神经元;低温缺血组iNOS表达、NOx-水平明显低于常温缺血组,未检测到凋亡神经元。上述结果提示,脑缺血后iNOS来源的NO参与了神经元的凋亡过程,亚低温可减少大鼠短暂性全脑缺血后iNOS诱导的神经元凋亡。     

浅低温和中低温体外循环在婴幼儿心脏外科的比较

目的　比较浅低温体外循环和中低温体外循环在婴幼儿心脏外科的应用。方法　分析 1 1 8例 3岁以下心脏手术患者 ,其中 46例 (组 1 )在中低温体外循环下手术 ,72例 (组 2 )在浅低温体外循环下进行手术。比较两组患者的转流时间、术后低心排发生率、术后机械通气时间以及动脉血气等围手术期资料。结果　浅低温组患者的平均转流时间较中低温组短 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后低心排的发生率也较中低温组低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;浅低温组患者术后的失血量和输血量均较中低温组少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并且术后机械通气时间也较中低温组短 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而氧合指数高于中低温组 ;浅低温组术后肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)浓度明显低于中低温组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,另外浅低温组术后代谢性酸中毒的发生率也较低。两组患者术后的心率和收缩压相似 ,而浅低温组术后舒张压却低于中低温组。结论　浅低温体外循环技术在婴幼儿心肌保护、改善术后呼吸功能及维持酸碱平衡等方面均优于中低温体外循环技术。表明浅低温体外循环可作为一项安全、有效的技术应用于婴幼儿心脏外科。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤亚低温干预大鼠模型的建立

为探讨不同疗程亚低温对新生儿脑损伤的保护作用,建立新生儿缺血缺氧性脑损伤亚 温干预大鼠模型,先在７日龄清洁级ＳＤ大鼠上以右颈总动脉结扎术和吸入低氧浓度气体法制备缺血缺氧性脑损伤（ＨＩＢＤ）模型,再将其随机分为室温恢复组（ＲｏＴ组,ｎ＝４４）和３种疗程（２４ｈ,４８ｈ,７２ｈ）的亚低温干预组（Ｈｙ２４组,ｎ＝２６,Ｈｙ４８组,ｎ＝１４,Ｈｙ７２组,ｎ＝２０）。亚低温干预期间采用配方奶喂养,并监测脑温     

Effects of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate on thermoregulation in both rats and rabbits

Summary The effects of intraventricular administration of dibutyryl adenosine 3, 5-cyclic monophosphate (db cyclic AMP) on the thermoregulatory responses of unanesthetized rats and rabbits to different ambient temperatures (T_a) were assessed. Administration of db cyclic AMP (10–60 mM) produced dose-dependent hypothermia in both rats and rabbits at T_a 2–22 °C. The hypothermia in response to db cyclic AMP was due to decreased metabolic heat production and cutaneous vasodilatation. There was no change in respiratory evaporative heat loss. In contrast, in the heat (30–32 °C), db cyclic AMP administration produced dose-dependent hyperthermia in these animals. The hyperthermia was due to increased metabolism (due to muscular shivering) and decreased heat losses. The reduction in heat losses was shown by a decrease in both cutaneous circulation and respiratory evaporative heat loss. The data demonstrate that the thermoregulatory responses induced by central administration of db cyclic AMP are T_a-dependent.     

亚低温对颅内巨大动脉瘤夹闭术瞬间阻断及缺血再灌注期的脑保护作用

目的：研究亚低温对颅内巨大动脉瘤夹闭术瞬间阻断其供血动脉时缺血再灌注期的脑保护作用。方法：对颅内巨大动脉瘤行夹闭术27例，13例于动脉瘤夹闭瞬间阻断及缺血再灌注期行亚低温处理。直肠温度（RT）控制在31．0℃～36．0℃，脑组织温度（BT）为32．0℃～35．0℃。同时，监测患者的生命体征、BT和失血量。常温组14例，RT控制在36．0℃～37．2℃。2组患者均于术后3个月时根据GOS评估法判定疗效。结果：术中2组生命体征差异无统计学意义。亚低温组与常温组相比．手术完成比较顺利，无严重并发症，病死率较低，运动神经功能良好率较高，预后显著改善。结论：亚低温可明显降低颅内巨大动脉瘤夹闭术患者的病死率，提高患者生命质量，对脑缺血及再灌注性损伤具有良好的脑保护作用。     

Depression of long term potentiation in gerbil hippocampus following postischemic hypothermia

To investigate the mechanism of chronic cell death following postischemic hypothermia, the change of N-methyl- -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) were examined by immunohistochemistry of NMDAR1 and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 subfield of the gerbil hippocampus. At 1 week following postischemic hypothermia (32°C×4 h), all CA1 neurons survived; however, immunoreactivity of NMDAR1 increased in neuronal perikarya whereas decreased in dendrites in the CA1 neurons. The abnormality was still observed in remaining CA1 neurons at 1 month after hypothermia. LTP was also significantly depressed at 1 week after hypothermia. These results suggest that some abnormalities in the glutamate receptor may be caused by ischemia; such abnormality would persist in spite of hypothermia treatment, resulting in the depression of LTP.     

An assessment of the thermal safety of microwave warming of crystalloid fluids

We performed an in vitro study to determine the thermal safety of a domestic microwave to warm intravenous crystalloid solutions. Five-hundred-millilitre bags of crystalloid, randomly allocated to groups which differed in power setting, timer setting and whether or not agitation was performed after warming, were heated in a microwave oven to a calculated temperature of 39 degrees C. Timer accuracy was checked by stopwatch. Bag temperature was measured using an infrared tympanic temperature probe and fluid temperature was measured with an in-line thermocouple. Mean times measured by stopwatch were higher than set. No in-line temperatures reached 40 degrees C. Wider overall ranges and a higher mean were found with the tympanic probe compared with in-line temperature measurement. There were significant differences between the in-line temperatures of shaken and unshaken bags at each power setting, but not when groups were added together. There was no change in colour or odour of bags or fluid. One bag developed a pinhole leak when the packaging was removed.     

968例重型颅脑损伤临床分析

目的 :探讨重型颅脑损伤 (GCS≤8分 )的诊断和治疗。总结重型颅脑损伤救治的经验教训 ,提高重型颅脑损伤的治愈率和降低致残率、死亡率。方法 :对我院1989年6月～2004年6月收治重型颅脑损伤 (GCS≤8分 )968例进行回顾性分析。结果 :968例患者中 ,GCS评分 :6～8分762例中 ,恢复良好472例 ,占61 .94 %,中残216例 ,占28 .34 %,重残41例 ,占5 38 %,植物生存6例 ,占0 .78 %,死亡27例 ,占3 .54 %。GCS评分 :3～5分206例中 ,恢复良好33例 ,占16. 01 %,中残50例 ,占24. 27 %,重残33例 ,占16 .01 %,植物生存9例 ,占4 36 %,死亡81例 ,占39. 32 %。总死亡人数108例 ,占11 .16 %。结论 :重型颅脑损伤后早期发生血管源性脑水肿 ,继而发生细胞毒性脑水肿 ,亚低温对预防重型颅脑损伤患者的脑水肿 ,降低死亡率和改善预后是有效的。重型颅脑损伤应尽早明确诊断、选择恰当的治疗方法 ,是降低致残率、死亡率和提高生存率、改善预后的关键。