硬段含量对嵌段聚脲结构与性能的影响

以端氨基聚醚、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPD I)、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)为主要原料,制备了一组硬段含量不同的IPD I基聚脲。通过FT-IR、DSC、SEM以及拉伸等测试手段,研究了硬段含量对聚脲羰基氢键化程度、微观结构及其力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着硬段含量的增加,脲羰基氢键化程度增加;软段相的微相分离率降低,硬段有序程度增大。硬段含量为35%时材料的力学性能较佳。     

活性炭在过氧化氢氧化脱除二苯并噻吩中的催化作用

研究了几种活性炭在过氧化氢氧化二苯并噻吩(DBT)中的催化性能、氧化脱除机理以及碳表面化学对催化性能的影响。考察了活性炭的吸附性能与催化性能以及两者之间的关系、DBT在活性炭上的动态反应活性以及水相pH对其吸附性能和催化性能的影响;并将一种木质活性炭经过3种表面处理,研究了活性炭的表面化学对其催化性能的影响。结果表明:活性炭在过氧化氢氧化DBT中具有较高的催化活性,正辛烷中的DBT转化率可达到81%以上;木质粉末活性炭对DBT的吸附性能优于果壳炭和煤质颗粒活性炭;吸附容量大的活性炭,其催化性能也好;DBT在催化性能高的活性炭作用下的动态反应活性也高;水相pH在低于2的条件下有利于DBT在活性炭上的吸附和催化氧化。DBT的氧化脱除强烈依赖于表面羰基量,是由于表面羰基能加速过氧化氢产生自由基。     

健康成人可接受牛奶摄入量实验研究

目的找出严重乳糖不耐受者最低可接受牛奶摄入量,观察此摄入量在健康成人中的耐受情况。方法采用氢呼气试验从38名受试者中筛选出8名有水样状腹泻的乳糖不耐受者,分成低、高剂量组参加饮奶试验。两组症状评分之和大致相等,据文献报道及单因素优选法(黄金分割法)确定两组对象分别饮用25g和38.2g奶粉(分别含6.25g和9.55g乳糖)和水冲调成的200ml牛奶,分析受试者氢呼气浓度变化值、症状评分、粪便乳糖含量(醋酸铅法)。采用随机整群抽样方法选取健康的100名青年、80名中年、100名老年人,观察摄入25g奶粉后出现的耐受症状。结果两组受试者在饮奶试验中无一例腹泻发生,仅有不同程度的轻微症状;高剂量组(B组)对象饮奶后,其氢呼气浓度、症状评分、粪便乳糖均高于低剂量组(A组)。健康成人饮用25g奶粉冲调的牛奶后,80.3%的对象未产生任何乳糖不耐受症状。结论结果表明健康成人即使为乳糖不耐受者也能饮用适量牛奶,大多数健康成人摄入25g奶粉(含乳糖6.25g)后不会出现任何乳糖不耐受症状,建议20g奶粉(含乳糖5g,配成160ml牛奶)作为我国成年人的最低可接受牛奶摄入量。     

过氧化氢氧化降解法制备低分子玻璃酸

目的制备低分子玻璃酸 (HA)。方法过氧化氢氧化降解法。结果随着过氧化氢浓度增加 ,反应温度的升高 ,降解速率加快。中性条件下HA的氧化降解速率较快 ,而酸性或碱性时却较慢。为了方便降解过程的可控性 ,过氧化氢浓度选 0 .0 5 % ,反应温度定为 5 0℃ ,反应pH为中性。随着HA相对分子质量的降低 ,运动黏度迅速下降 ,而糖醛酸含量基本不变。不同过氧化氢浓度降解时 ,低分子HA收率基本相同。结论过氧化氢氧化降解法可用于制备低分子HA。     

蜂蜜的抗菌特性及其在医学上的应用

利用蜂蜜的抗菌特性治疗各种疾病或创伤是蜂蜜开发中一个比较热门的方向。本文对蜂蜜可能的抗茼机理(高渗、酸性环境和抗菌组分)以及蜂蜜中的抗菌组分(过氧化氢和非过氧化氢类)作了阐述，对利用蜂蜜抗菌特性开发产品(创伤敷料、口腔保健和胃药开发)作了探讨。     

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside,Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model

Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (P_app) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10^?6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

硫化氢对肝硬化大鼠肝脏survivin表达的影响

目的:探讨抗凋亡因子存活素(survivin)在硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)干扰的肝硬化大鼠肝脏中的表达量,了解H2S在肝硬化过程中可能的作用机制.方法:♀SD大鼠经复合因素法复制肝硬化模型,造模结束后随机分为S组、P组、C组,分别腹腔注射硫氢化钠(sodium hydrogen sulfide,NaSH)56mg/(kgd)、炔丙基甘氨酸(Propargylglycine,PPG)30mg/(kgd)及等量生理盐水,用敏感硫电极法检测肝硬化大鼠门静脉中H2S的量,用免疫组织化学及realtime-PCR检测大鼠肝脏survivin蛋白及mRNA表达.结果:S组、P组与C组相比,门静脉血浆内H2S浓度显著改变(51.19mol/L±8.75mol/L,68.97mol/L±2.69mol/Lvs134.49mol/L±12.25mol/L,P<0.05),肝硬化H2S增加组大鼠survivin蛋白及mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05),肝硬化大鼠体内H2S与survivin表达有相关性.结论:在大鼠肝硬化模型中,随着体内H2S浓度的变化,survivin蛋白及mRNA表达发生变化,这可能是H2S调节肝硬化作用过程中的机制之一.     

Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Ethanol over Nickel Catalysts Supported on Sol Gel Made Alumina: Influence of Calcination Temperature on Supports

Selecting a proper support in the catalyst system plays an important role in hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming. In this study, sol gel made alumina supports prepared for nickel (Ni) catalysts were calcined at different temperatures. A series of (Ni/Al_S.G.) catalysts were synthesized by an impregnation procedure. The influence of varying the calcination temperature of the sol gel made supports on catalyst activity was tested in ethanol reforming reaction. The characteristics of the sol gel alumina supports and Ni catalysts were affected by the calcination temperature of the supports. The structure of the sol gel made alumina supports was transformed in the order of γ → (γ + θ) → θ-alumina as the calcination temperature of the supports increased from 600 °C to 1000 °C. Both hydrogen yield and ethanol conversion presented a volcano-shaped behavior with maximum values of 4.3 mol/mol ethanol fed and 99.5%, respectively. The optimum values were exhibited over Ni/Al_S.G800 (Ni catalyst supported on sol gel made alumina calcined at 800 °C). The high performance of the Ni/Al_S.G800 catalyst may be attributed to the strong interaction of Ni species and sol gel made alumina which lead to high nickel dispersion and small particle size.     

Transforming Pt-SnO2 Nanoparticles into Pt-SnO2 Composite Nanoceramics for Room-Temperature Hydrogen-Sensing Applications

Many low-dimensional nanostructured metal oxides (MOXs) with impressive room-temperature gas-sensing characteristics have been synthesized, yet transforming them into relatively robust bulk materials has been quite neglected. Pt-decorated SnO₂ nanoparticles with 0.25–2.5 wt% Pt were prepared, and highly attractive room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics were observed for them all through pressing them into pellets. Some pressed pellets were further sintered over a wide temperature range of 600–1200 °C. Though the room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics were greatly degraded in many samples after sintering, those samples with 0.25 wt% Pt and sintered at 800 °C exhibited impressive room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics comparable to those of their counterparts of as-pressed pellets. The variation of room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics among the samples was explained by the facts that the connectivity between SnO₂ grains increases with increasing sintering temperature, and Pt promotes oxidation of SnO₂ at high temperatures. These results clearly demonstrate that some low-dimensional MOX nanocrystals can be successfully transformed into bulk MOXs with improved robustness and comparable room-temperature gas-sensing characteristics.