Ultrastructural Heterogeneity in Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Soft Tissue

Five soft tissue sarcomas with histological features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma were selected to illustrate their ultrastructural heterogeneity. One case displayed the mixture of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells characteristic of the majority of malignant fibrous histiocytomas. In 1 case the tumor was composed entirely of primitive mesenchymal cells. The other 3 cases showed lipogenic, neurogenic, and “granular-cell” differentiation, respectively. These findings emphasize the important role of electron microscopy in the precise diagnosis and classification of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.     

人胎儿肾上腺组织发生

本文观察１２￣２６周妊娠中期胎儿肾上腺１０例，结果显示，１２￣２６周胎儿肾上腺永久皮质尚未分带；临时皮质或胎儿皮质呈条索状及网状分带。１２周胎儿髓质细胞夹杂于临时皮质细胞之间，１８￣２２周髓质细胞位于肾上腺中轴。     

Malignant granular cell tumour of the sciatic nerve

A case of malignant granular cell tumour of the sciatic nerve is presented. Computed tomography demonstrated iso-density with muscle and minimal enhancement. Magnetic resonance demonstrated T1 isointensity with muscle with marked enhancement, and isointensity with fat on proton and T2 images. Pathological evidence is presented for its probable Schwann cell histogenesis.     

Histogenesis and morphogenesis of depressed-type early colorectal carcinoma

The aim of this study was to elucidate the histogenesis and morphogenesis of depressed-type early colorectal carcinomas (DECas). Eighty-seven DECas were selected for examination. The 87 DECas included 23 (26.4%) absolutely depressed (ABS) types (depressed mucosa being thinner than the normal mucosa; histologically true depression), 40 (46.0%) relatively depressed (REL) types (the thickness of the depressed mucosa being the same or greater than that of normal mucosa, with depression being relative compared to marginal elevation) and 24 (27.6%) ulcerated (UL) types (no remnant intramucosal component in the depressed area). The rates of residual adenomatous components were 0/23 (0%) for ABS type and 12/40 (30%) for REL type, indicating that the ABS type was thought to have arisen de novo and the REL type was thought to have arisen de novo and via an adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In 13 of the 23 (56.5%) ABS types, carcinoma was located within the depressed area alone, suggesting that many ABS types show a depression from their initial stage. While 33 of the 40 (82.5%) REL types accompanied by marginal elevation consisted of neoplastic mucosa, in 19 of the 33 (57.6%) cases, the depressed area showed a higher grade of atypia than the area of marginal elevation. This suggested that the depression in the REL type was generated secondarily at the center of a pre-existing, superficially elevated tumor due to progression of its histological grade of atypia. ABS type was speculated to be the precursor of UL type since the two types showed similarity (no statistical significant difference) in percent depression (69.6 vs 64.3%), grade of atypia of carcinoma (52.2 and 79.2% consisted of carcinoma with high-grade atypia alone), and frequency of being accompanied by non-neoplastic reactive marginal elevation (56.5 vs 70.8%).     

Clinicopathological features and CD57 expression in renal cell carcinoma in acquired cystic disease of the kidneys: with special emphasis on a relation to the duration of haemodialysis,the degree of calcium oxalate deposition,histological type,and possible tumorigenesis

Enoki Y, Katoh G, Okabe H & Yanagisawa A
(2010) Histopathology 56, 384–394 Clinicopathological features and CD57 expression in renal cell carcinoma in acquired cystic disease of the kidneys: with special emphasis on a relation to the duration of haemodialysis, the degree of calcium oxalate deposition, histological type, and possible tumorigenesis Aims: Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) in patients undergoing haemodialysis is known to develop into renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The aims were to analyse the histological findings of ACDK‐RCC and to determine its histogenesis. Methods and results: Twenty‐nine RCCs in 23 patients with ACDK were classified into three groups according to the duration of haemodialysis and were analysed for histological type, calcium oxalate (Oxa) deposition, and cyst and atypical cyst (AC) formation. Histologically, 21 tumours were ACDK‐RCC and eight were clear cell carcinoma (CCC). The ratio of ACDK‐RCC and the numbers of cysts and ACs increased as the duration of haemodialysis was prolonged. The degrees of intratumoral Oxa deposition and cyst and AC formation of ACDK‐RCCs were higher than those of CCCs (Oxa, P = 0.028; cyst, P < 0.0001; AC, P = 0.0002). Many ACDK‐RCCs (85.7%) and some CCCs (50%) had characteristics of the thin ascending loop of Henle as assessed by CD57 (HNK‐1) expression, which was rarely expressed in the 29 control cases. Conclusions: ACDK‐RCCs reveal characteristics of Henle’s loop, which may be related to their peculiar pathological features, including intratumoral oxalate deposition and cyst and AC formation.     

Gangliorhabdomyosarcoma: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of three cases

A histopathological and immunoperoxidase study on three cases of genitourinary gangliorhabdomyosarcoma using a spectrum of conventional staining methods and antibodies against myoglobin, neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein is presented. The results of the study have shown that differentiated myoblasts, ganglion cells and Schwann cells reacted positively with the particular antisera, but the majority of undifferentiated cells were negative. From the immunopathology results it was not possible to determine whether the undifferentiated cells were precursors of neural cells or myoblasts; the histological appearance resembled that of mesenchymal cells commonly seen in rhabdomyosarcomas. Theories concerning the origin of these tumours from neural crest ectomesenchyme or from neural crest and somitic mesenchyme are considered. Further study is needed to establish their histogenesis.     

射线诱发的恶性肿瘤及对组织学发生的探讨

本文报告了7例射线诱发恶性肿瘤及60例慢性放射性皮肤损伤活检材料。着重观察了慢性放射性硬肤损伤的增生性病变,包括重度表皮增生,假上皮瘤样增生,表皮不典型增生及纤维组织细胞的不典型增生。这些病理组织学表现,可能是癌前不同阶段的病变。根据组织学观察,射线皮肤损伤到发生恶性肿瘤,大致可分为四个阶段,即(1)坏死退变期,(2)良性增生期,(3)不典型增生期,(4)恶变期。皮肤增生性病变与照射后时间长短及照射累积剂量有关：照射后时间越长,增生性病变例数越多,照射剂量越大,增生性病变例数也有增多的倾向。     

The link between exocrine pancreatic cancer and the endocrine pancreas

Summary Background. The histogenesis of pancreatic cancer is still debatable. Ductal, ductular, and acinar cells all have been declared the tumor progenitor cells. Our long-term human and experimental studies indicate that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas arise within ductal cells and islets. Supporting studies are presented in this article. Methods. Several human studies and experimental studies on Syrian hamsters conducted within the last 20 years were used in this article. Hamster and human islets were established, and their growth and morphologic changes were examined electron microscopically, immunohistochemically, cytogenetically, and molecular biologically. Results. Studies using the hamster pancreatic cancer model showed that most pancreatic adenocarcinomas develop within islets, most probably from stem cells, which are also believed to be the progenitor cells for tumors that develop within ducts. Studies in newly established human and hamster islets culture validated the immense potential of islet cells to differentiate and become malignant. The higher susceptibility of islet cells to become malignant could be related to their high drug-metabolizing enzymes and their high proliferation rate. Dietary studies indicate that the promoting effect of a high-fat diet on pancreatic carcinogenesis is unrelated to the energy intake, but rather is related to its effect on islet cell replication. Conclusion. Experimental and human studies during 20 years of research in our laboratories point to the importance of pancreatic islets in the development of ductal-type adenocarcinomas. We believe that pancreatic cancer that develops within ducts, but more frequently within islets, derives from pancreatic stem cells that are distributed within the ductal trees and within the islets The data was presented at the 8th meeting of the International Association of Pancreatology, as the IAP Founder’s Lecture July 14, 1998 in Tokyo, Japan.