微型接骨板内固定结合自体松质骨移植治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折

目的探讨切开复位微型接骨板内固定结合自体松质骨移植治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法2010年1月~2012年1月,对我院收治的15例闭合性距骨颈粉碎性骨折患者,根据Hawkins分型：Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型4例。术前常规行CT三维重建明确骨折类型和粉碎程度,择期行切开复位微型接骨板内固定加自体松质骨移植术。术后定期复查X片及CT观察骨折愈合情况,并记录相关并发症,采用Hawkins评分标准评估疗效。结果本组14例获得随访,随访时间12~24m,,平均16.4m。术后外侧切口边缘部分坏死1例,经局部清创换药后治愈,无并发感染,骨折均在8~12w内获得愈合,平均愈合时间11.3w,无畸形愈合发生,距骨体部分坏死1例（Ⅲ型）,轻度创伤性关节炎3例（Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例）,末次随访时未发现内固定松动断裂。Hawkins评分：优7例（Ⅱ型）,良5例（Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型1例）,可2例（Ⅲ型）。结论采用切开复位微型接骨板内固定结合自体松质骨移植治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折,术中可获得满意复位,牢靠的内固定可有效维持骨折复位,自体松质骨移植可促进骨折愈合,是治疗距骨颈粉碎性骨折的有效方法。     

可吸收钉治疗髌骨横行骨折

目的探讨可吸收钉治疗髌骨横行骨折的优势与不足。方法回顾分析40例髌骨横行骨折患者采用可吸收钉固定髌骨,并对骨折愈合及膝关节功能进行评价,同时与40例采用克氏针张力带内固定进行对比分析。结果40例均获随访,时间为6~15个月(平均8.2月)。1例术后2个月因外伤导致髌骨再次骨折,其余均骨性愈合,无再移位,无伤口感染。根据胥少汀等疗效评级:优28例,良10例,差2例。两组病例膝关节功能无统计学意义。结论髌骨横行骨折采用可吸收钉内固定效果良好,但术后康复时间较长。     

股骨颈骨折术中空心加压螺纹钉螺纹部分陷入盆腔成功取出1例报道并文献复习

目的：报道1例股骨颈骨折术中空心加压螺纹钉螺纹部分突入盆腔并成功取出的经验,结合文献复习,对空心加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的手术原则、注意事项等内容进行归纳总结,为临床医师提供参考。方法：1例股骨颈骨折术中空心加压螺纹钉螺纹部分突入盆腔,将尖端拐弯呈钩状的不锈钢丝插入空心内六角改锥,然后进入空心加压螺纹钉,通过倒钩状尖端钩住螺纹钉并施加适当的牵引力,不锈钢丝钩状尖端抓住空心加压螺纹钉;再以适当的力量牵拉不锈钢丝,逆时针方向转动空心内六角改锥,将其顺利旋出。结果：通过带倒钩的不锈钢丝辅助牵引、内六角改锥反转退钉,成功取出螺纹部分突人盆腔的空心的加压螺纹钉,患者无并发症,骨折顺利愈合。结论：老年患者因骨质疏松,股骨近端外侧骨皮质较薄弱,拧人空心拉力螺纹钉时钉尾易陷入骨皮质;在拧人空心加压螺纹钉的过程中,应在x线透视监视下进行,在最上方的空心加压螺纹钉尾端应安装垫片。     

经皮解剖型锁定钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨经皮解剖型锁定钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折临床疗效。方法2007年12月-2010年6月对18例胫骨远端骨折患者进行经皮内侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗,以临床功能评定治疗效果。结果18例获随访,时间3-16个月,骨折均愈合,无植入物松动、断裂。按Tohner-wruhs方法评价,优10例,良6例,中2例。结论应用胫骨远端内侧解剖型锁定钢板经皮固定治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折,创伤小,固定可靠,有利于患者早期功能锻炼,疗效满意,是治疗胫骨远端骨折的理想方法。     

锁定钢板微创内固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折

目的探讨应用锁定钢板（LCP）采取微创术式治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的方法和疗效。方法2006年6月-2011年6月,对52例股骨远端粉碎骨折病人（A3、C型）,男33例,女19例;年龄19-75岁（平均38．5岁）,采用前方的髌旁切口入路,精确复位关节面后,经皮肌肉隧道插入锁定钢板固定,术后有计划的康复锻炼。结果骨折均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间18．2周（14～24周）,浅表感染2例,发生下肢深静脉血栓形成2例,无内固定物断裂骨折再移位者。按Kotmert股骨远端功能评价法,优28例,良19例,可5例;优良率90．4％。结论LCP经前方的髌旁切口入路,微创插板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折,提供了稳定的固定,骨及软组织血运干扰小,骨折愈合率高,是治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的首选治疗手段;骨折良好的间接复位及按照LCP固定原则是手术成功的保证。     

Detection of Vertical Root Fractures in the Presence of Intracanal Metallic Post: A Comparison between Periapical Radiography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography

Introduction

This in vitro study compared cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exam with different voxel sizes with digital periapical radiography in the detection of vertical root fractures in teeth with and without intracanal metallic posts.

Methods

Eighteen single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated, prepared for cast metal posts, and artificially fractured. After positioning the teeth in dry mandibular sockets, the samples were subjected twice (with and without posts) to digital periapical radiography at 3 different angles and to CBCT examinations with 2 voxel sizes, 0.125 and 0.25 mm. The images were evaluated by 3 oral radiologists. Indices of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, in addition to the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (accuracy), were calculated. Comparison of the accuracy of the imaging methods was assessed by using the χ² test. Comparison of the accuracy between teeth with and without posts was determined by using the Fisher exact test.

Results

The accuracy of the imaging methods showed no significant differences (P = .08). The comparison between teeth with and without posts in each examination revealed significant differences for CBCT with a voxel of 0.125 mm (P = .04) and for periapical radiography (P = .04).

Conclusions

No significant differences were observed between CBCT and periapical radiography in the detection of vertical root fractures, except for teeth with metallic posts in images from CBCT with a voxel of 0.125 mm and in digital periapical radiography. Furthermore, voxel size did not significantly influence the diagnosis of vertical root fractures.     

In Vitro Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots Filled with a Bonded Filling Material or Different Types of Posts

AimThis study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of roots filled with a bonded material, fiber posts, or titanium post systems.MethodsCanals in the first group were filled with AH Plus and gutta-percha cones, and roots in the second group were filled with Epiphany sealer and Resilon cones. The root fillings (60 roots) were removed up to 4 mm from the canal apex to obtain 10-mm-deep post spaces, and posts were cemented. The groups were as follows: AH Plus control group, Epiphany control group, AH Plus fiber post group, AH Plus titanium post group, Epiphany fiber post group, and Epiphany titanium post group. Fracture tests were performed by using an Instron testing machine. The force was applied at a 45° axial angle with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each sample, the force at which fracture occurred was recorded in units of newtons. Statistical analysis was carried out by using analysis of variance test.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between all groups (P > .05).ConclusionsTitanium posts, fiber posts, and Epiphany root canal filling systems were found to have no reinforcing effect on endodontically treated roots.     

Cyclic fatigue testing of denture teeth for bulk fracture

Objectives

Clinical experience with implant-supported dentures indicates that fracture and chipping of teeth are becoming an issue. Tooth fracture and chipping rates of approximately 2.5% per year are being experienced at one university. There has been no standardized test developed for bulk fracture or chipping of denture teeth. Such a test would aid in the development of improved teeth and in their evaluation.

Methods

Central incisor teeth were embedded in acrylic and loaded on incisal edges at 90° to their long axes. Teeth tested included ones commercially available and two sets made from improved materials designed to increase toughness. Cyclic loading was done at 5 Hz from 20 N to 135 N, 150 N, 175 N and 200 N. Data was analyzed using lifetime analysis software fit at each of the accelerated loads and then extrapolated to clinical use loads (Alta 7, Reliasoft Corp.) Clinical use loads were derived from extrapolation of probability of failure (Pf) data to 2.5% Pf.

Results

When carefully embedded, teeth could be reproducibly loaded to failure by bulk fracture involving a failure mode similar to that seen clinically. Clinical use loads were calculated to be in the range of 70 N. Results from accelerated loading could be fit to similar probability of failure distributions allowing extrapolation to clinical use loads.

Significance

This work was able to develop a clinically valid bulk fracture test for the fatigue failure of incisor denture teeth. It appears that teeth fabricated with improved materials will be expected to perform better clinically. Thus both the null hypotheses were rejected.     

Efficacy of closed reduction for nasal fractures in children

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction and the effects of the time of intervention on young patients’ satisfaction. Patients older than 16 years and those with additional maxillofacial fractures were excluded. All patients were treated by closed reduction and external fixation. The patients and parents were asked about their satisfaction in a survey 6 months’ postoperatively. They were divided into groups according to the time of intervention, and the results. Twenty-four patients, age range 4–16 years, with isolated nasal fractures were included in the study. The mean (SD) time before intervention was 5.5 (1.8) days. The first group comprised 16 patients whose fractures were reduced between days 1 and 5 after the injury, and the second the 8 whose fractures were reduced between days 6 and 10. At 6 months 15 of the 24 were satisfied with the result, and 9 were not. In the group treated between days 1–5, 12/16 were happy with the result, and in the group treated between days 6–10, 3/8 were satisfied. Closed reduction gives good results in the treatment of nasal fractures in children. Early intervention increases the rate of satisfaction.